I know what season it is…
5 - CGC 1P1 STUDY NOTES: Seasons…
BASEBALL SEASON!!!
Go Jays!
The earth is turning or ROTATING on it’s ______ which gives us
day and night. It also
in ORBIT around the sun.
As the earth rotates, it’s not in a perfect position.
When you spin a top, initially the top spins so that it remains level, but the
earth, just like a top that starts to slow down, tilts. This
gives us our seasons. The consistent fact is that the earth’s axis
always points to the North Star
Our planet is divided into what are called
HEMISPHERES:
. There are TWO
Hemisphere (Area north of the equator)
Hemisphere (Area south of the equator)
When the earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the sun,
we here in Canada have
and in the Southern Hemisphere
they have
.
DATES TO REMEMBER…
 As the seasons change certain dates become important. These dates are for
the NORTHERN HEMISPHERE:
•September
: Atumnal Equinox – Day and night are equal
•December
: Winter Solstice (Shortest Day)
•March
: Vernal Equinox – Day and night are equal
•June
: Summer Solstice (Longest Day)
 NOTE: These dates vary slightly every year.
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Seasons in the Hemispheres
2
LOCATING PLACES ON MAPS!
Grid Systems: A grid is made up of two sets of parallel lines, horizontal and vertical. We find
things where these lines cross.
are an excellent example of a grid system we use on maps
in Geography and we will talk more about this shortly. Let’s start with something more basic.
This kind of grid uses
along one edge and
along the other to
find points on a map. Have you ever played Battle Ship?? If you have you’ve seen this kind of
grid.
On page 28 in your text you will find an example of this type of grid.
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14
15
16
L
M
N
O
3
In an Alphanumeric Grid you put the
first then you put the
.
These types of grids are good if you want to find a general area of something and are often used
on maps so you can find something quickly but they are not overly accurate.
Map Grid or
Grid
This Type of grid uses numbers on both the Horizontal and Vertical edges to locate places on a
map.
FOUR-DIGIT GRID REFERENCE:
In this case
number represents the vertical grid line and the column to the
right of it
The
line represents the horizontal grid line and also the row above it
The two together give us a
on the map
Give the Four Digit Grid Reference for: 14-
5-
6-
2-
3-
(if you were not in class, see the powerpoint)
SIX-DIGIT GRID REFERENCE:
Allows us to give a more
“
or
location by dividing each box into
” and then you estimate a more exact location rather than a
as a location.
Give the Six-Digit Grid Reference for the letters:
A.
B.
C.
D.
(If you were not in class see the powerpoint for answers)
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE – Video notes
4
Latitude & Longitude
If the Earth were flat, rectangular coordinates (x,y) would be sufficient to
describe the locations of points on its surface. However, Earth is a sphere with
no sides, and a special frame of reference is needed. The poles of Earth provide
this reference frame.
Lines of Latitude
EQUATOR – an imaginary line that divides the Earth into 2 equal parts
(Northern & Southern hemispheres)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Are imaginary lines
The Equator is the starting point for latitude lines
Measure the distance North & South of the Equator
Lines are drawn around the Earth, parallel to the Equator
Lines never intersect each other
Lines are approximately 111 km apart
• Lines are used as political boundaries
5
Lines of Longitude
PRIME MERIDIAN – an imaginary line that divides the Earth into 2 equal parts
(Eastern & Western hemispheres)
• Are imaginary lines
• The Prime Meridian is the starting point for longitude lines
• The International Date Line is the 180 degree meridian
• Measure the distance East and West of the Prime Meridian
• Lines are drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole
• Lines converge at the poles and are furthest apart at the Equator
• Longitude lines are longer than latitude lines
• Lines are used to determine time zones
ABSOLUTE LOCATION – the location of a point on the Earth using
latitude and longitude lines
Using the latitude & longitude grid we can pinpoint any place on the
Earth. This location is specified by a series of numbers
degrees minutes seconds
44 25 14 N
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Using Latitude and Longitude
To find your exact location on a map, you need to determine which latitude line and which longitude line
meet where you are standing. When writing locations, the latitude is given first. Miami, Florida has a
location of 250 North and 800 West. This is usually written in short form as 250N 800W.
50 E
40 E
Give the latitude and longitude of the objects positioned on the grid below.
30 E
20 E
10 E
0
10 W
20 W
30 W
degrees
40 W
50 W
50 N
40 N
30 N
20 N
10 N
0 degrees
10 S
20 S
30 S
40 S
50 S
1. Beaver ____________________
5. Seal______________________
2. Maple Leaf _________________
6. Racoon ___________________
3. Moose ____________________
7. Polar Bear _________________
4. Wolf ______________________
Are you ready to race??
7
TIME ZONES!
Is time really different on different places on the earth??
Not really. Time is ___________ in reality, however, in order to make
life easier, we adjust it according to local conditions.
Local time is important because we base our lives on ______ days, and
in early times we would work ________________________________.
Canada has ________ time zones! So when you go to bed in
Newfoundland at 10pm, well in Vancouver B.C. you may just be having
dinner or coming home from work at 5:30pm!
What are time zones?
A Canadian named _________________________ came up with the idea of time
zones in the 1880’s so that the time day depends on the location and position of the
sun. There are ________time zones across the world since the world rotates one
complete rotation in 24 hours. Since the earth rotates through _____ ̊ (degrees) in
24 hours, it then rotates through ____ ̊ of longitude every hour. Each time zone is
then 15 ̊ wide. Every place within a time zone shares the _________ time.
Why do we need time zones?
We need time zones because we judge the time of day by the _______. When it is
3:00 pm for us on a Friday afternoon for example, we know that it should be day
time. So can it be 3:00pm for Australia at that very same time? No. In Australia it
would be ____________________, or about 5:30am. This is all according to when
the ___________________________.
8
TIME ZONES… Continued
Where do we find Universal Time?
We find Universal time at the _______________________, or the center of the
time zone system.
How do we know if we are ahead or behind of Universal Time?
If you move __________of the prime meridian, every ______ degrees you move
one hour ________________. For every _____degrees West you shift one hour
_______________________ the time at the Prime Meridian.
Do all countries use the time zone system?
________________ now observe time zones, however some countries may modify
time zones to accommodate ___________________ so that your neighbourhood or
home does not fall directly on a time zone boundary.
Canada has ___________________, Ontario is very large and falls
into_______time zones but to keep things simple, the time zone is shifted slightly
west to avoid too much confusion and only a small part of Ontario changes time
zones.
THE INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE: This is on the opposite side of the world as
the Prime Meridian and when you cross it, you change the DATE as well as the
time.
9
You Sunk My Battleship!
Instructions
a) Draw the following ships onto your grid, either vertically or horizontally (don’t show your partner)
1 Air Craft Carrier – 5 squares
1 Battleship – 4 squares
1 Submarine – 3 squares
1 Cruiser – 3 squares
1 Destroyer – 2 squares
b) With a partner take turns calling out the gird reference (i.e. 3080 – bottom left corner box). When
a grid reference is called, each player must tell whether it is a “HIT” or a “MISS”. When a
reference includes a whole ship, that ship sinks. If only part of a ship is hit, the remaining parts
must be called out before the ship is sunk.
c) Both players keep track of their calls on their target grid (where you’re shooting) and on their
ocean grid (where your opponent is shooting)
d) The first player to sink the other players’ ships, wins!
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91
90
Target Grid
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87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
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91
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Ocean Grid
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80
30
31
32
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36
10
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