Chapter 3: Matter and Energy
Date:____________
Section 1: Classifying Matter - Notes
Objectives:
 Classify matter as an element, compound, or mixture.
 Distinguish between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.
Defining Matter:
 Matter: anything that occupies _______________ and has ______________.
o
Some types of matter, such as steel, water, wood, and plastic, are
______________________________ to our eyes.
o
Other types of matter, such as air or microscopic dust, are ________________________
to see without magnification.

Matter is ultimately composed of atoms.
o
Atoms: submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental _______________________
_____________________________________________.

In many cases, these atoms are bonded together to form molecules.
o
Molecules: two or more atoms joined to one another in __________________________
_____________________________________________.
States of Matter:


The common states of matter are __________________________________________________.
o
Plasma
o
Bose Einstein Condensate
Solids:
o
In solid matter, atoms or molecules pack ____________ to each other in fixed locations.

Neighboring atoms or molecules in a solid may _____________________ or
oscillate, but they _____________________ move around each other.

Solids have __________________________ and _________________________.

Examples: Ice, diamond, quartz, and iron
o
Crystalline solid: Atoms or molecules are arranged in geometric
patterns with long-range, ______________________________.

Examples: _________________________________

o
The well-ordered, geometric shapes of salt and
diamond crystals reflect the well-ordered
geometric arrangement of their atoms.
Amorphous solid: Atoms or molecules do not have
___________________________________________.


Examples: _____________________________________
Liquids:
o
In liquid matter, atoms or molecules are _____________ to each other but are free to
___________________________________ and by each other.

Liquids have a _______________________________ because their atoms or
molecules are in close contact.

Liquids assume the _________________________________________________
because the atoms or molecules are free to move relative to one another.


Examples: _________________________________________________________
Gases:
o
In gaseous matter, atoms or molecules are separated by _______________ distances
and are ___________________________ relative to one another.

Since the atoms or molecules that compose gases are not in contact with one
another, gases are ____________________________.

Gases always assume the ____________________________ of their containers.

Examples: _________________________________________________________
Classifying Matter:

Pure substance: composed of only _________________________________________________.

Mixture: composed of _______________________________________ types of atoms or
molecules combined in ____________________________ proportions.

Pure substances include __________________________________________________
o
Element: A pure substance that ____________________ be broken down into simpler
substances.

No ________________________________________ can decompose an
element into simpler substances.
o

All known elements are listed in the ___________________________________.

Examples: __________________________________________________
Compound: A pure substance composed of ______________________ elements in fixed
______________________ proportions.

________________________ are more common than pure elements.

Most elements are _______________________________________ and
combine with other elements to form compounds.

Compounds can be decomposed into __________________________________.

Examples: _________________________________________________________
Pure substances can be represented with a _________________________________________.
o


Examples?
When matter contains two types of atoms, it may be a pure substance or a mixture.
o
A compound is a pure substance composed of different atoms that are
______________________________ in fixed _______________________ proportions.
o
A mixture is composed of different substances that are __________________________
______________________, but simply mixed together.

Mixtures cannot be represented by a ____________________________________.
o
Properties of mixtures can vary since _____________________________ can vary.

Homogeneous Mixture: a mixture of compounds or elements in which all regions are
______________________________________________________________________________
o
Examples?
o
Includes _________________________________________________:

______________________: homogeneous mixtures in which all particles are
dissolved. Solutions are usually transparent.


___________________: homogeneous mixtures in which larger particles do not
separate out from the mixture. Light is usually scattered when passing through.



_________________: a mixture of two metals, or a metal and a non-metal.

Can also be heterogeneous!

Examples:
Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture of compounds or elements in which separate regions are
noticeable and have _____________________________________________________________.
o
Examples?
o
Includes _____________________:

_______________________: mixture in which particles of one substance is
dispersed in the other. These particles can be seen with the naked eye. Particles
will settle out of the suspension if left undisturbed.

Examples:

In the diagram below, which pictures do you think represent mixtures and which represent pure
substances? Explain your answers. (The spheres represent atoms.)
Practice:

Classify each type of matter as a pure substance or a mixture. If it is a pure substance, classify it
as an element or a compound; if it is a mixture, classify it as homogeneous or heterogeneous.
a) a lead weight
e) mercury in a thermometer
b) seawater
f)
c) distilled water
g) chicken noodle soup
d) Italian salad dressing
h) Sugar
exhaled air