Note: Acids and Bases
Acids are compounds that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
HCl(aq)  H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Some common examples of acids include
 acetic acid - vinegar
 hydrochloric acid – found in our stomachs
 citric acid - found in citrus fruit
 carbonic acid – found in soft drinks
 salicylic acid - aspirin
 sulfuric acid – battery acid
Properties of Acids
 Have a sour taste
 Corrosive - may burn your skin
 Water soluble (will dissolve in water)
 Solutions of acids will conduct electricity
Naming Acids
Binary Acids – are acids composed of hydrogen and a non-metal
1. Write the name of the non-metal
2. Add the prefix hydro- to the beginning of the name
3. Change the ending to –ic acid
Formula
IUPAC Name
Classical Acid Name
HCl
HI
Oxo acids – are acids composed of hydrogen and an oxygen containing polyatomic ion
1. Write the name of the polyatomic ion
2. Change the ending of the name
 If the name ends in –ate change it to –ic acid
 If the name ends in –ite change it to –ous acid
Formula
IUPAC Name
Classical Acid Name
H2SO4
HNO2
Bases are compounds that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
NaOH(aq)  Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Some common examples of bases include
 sodium hydrogen carbonate - baking soda  aluminum oxide – found in antacids
 sodium hydroxide – drain and oven cleaners
 potassium sulfite –food preservatives
 ammonia – window cleaner
Properties of Bases
 Have a bitter taste
 Feel slippery
 Corrosive
 Water soluble
 Solutions of bases will conduct
electricity
Name:_____________________________
Note: Acids and Bases
Acids
Some common examples of acids include
 acetic acid
 citric acid
 salicylic acid
 hydrochloric acid
 carbonic acid
 sulfuric acid
Properties of Acids




Naming Acids
Binary Acids – are acids composed of hydrogen and a non-metal
1. Write the name of the non-metal
2. Add the prefix _____________ to the beginning of the name
3. Change the ending to ______________________
Formula
IUPAC Name
Classical Acid Name
HCl
HI
Oxo acids – are acids composed of hydrogen and an oxygen containing polyatomic ion
1. Write the name of the polyatomic ion
2. Change the ending of the name
 If the name ends in _____________change it to ________________
 If the name ends in _____________ change it to ________________
Formula
IUPAC Name
Classical Acid Name
H2SO4
HNO2
Bases
Some common examples of bases include
 sodium hydrogen carbonate
 potassium sulfite
 ammonia
Properties of Bases


 aluminum oxide
 sodium hydroxide


Worksheet: Acids, Bases and pH
1. Identify the following compounds as acids or a bases, then write a balanced chemical equation to show the
formation of ions in solution
Compound
Acid or base
Balanced chemical equation
HBr
LiOH
Mg(OH)2
H2SO4
2. Complete the following chart
Formula
IUPAC Name
Classical Name (acids only)
aqueous hydrogen sulfite
HI
aluminum hydroxide
phosphorous acid
H2CO3
aqueous hydrogen sulfide
nitric acid
calcium hydroxide
H3PO4
hydrofluoric acid
KOH
aqueous hydrogen chlorate
3. Read Section 6.2 in your textbook and answer the following questions about the pH scale.
a. Explain what the pH scale is.
b. Complete the following chart to summarize the meaning of the different pH levels
pH
what does it mean
2
5
7
9
13
c. What is a pH indicator? Give some examples
Examples
Lab Activity: pH Indicators
Part A: Determining the pH of various solutions using pH indicators
Purpose: To order the unknown solutions from lowest to highest pH
Materials
 Bromothymol Blue
 Methyl Red
 Phenolphthalein
 Solutions of unknown pH (A-D)
 Spot plate
 Eye droppers
Procedure
Write a procedure to explain how you will determine the relative pH of the unknown solutions.
Observations Chart
Set up an observation chart