‫المحاضرة الثانية‬
Infectious disease
‫م اسعد جاسب العتابي‬.‫م‬
‫ جامعة الكوفة‬- ‫كلية الطب البيطري‬
Equine viral
Rhinopnemonitis
Mild infectious respiratory disease in young horses characterized by
1)upper respiratory infection in young horses
2)Abortion in mares
3)septicemia and viremia in neonatal foals
4)Nervous signs in adult horses
Etiology
Caused by 4 herpes viruses
1)EHV.4 cause outbreak infection
2) EHV.1 subtype one cause abortion and subtype 2 cause respiratory signs
3) EHV.2
4) EHV.3
1st tow viruses occur in horses and most common
Epidimiology
Disease was reported in many eurepian countries and USA ,in Iraq has
not been diagnosed and reported
1
Source of infection
nasal discharge and aborted fetus main source of infection ,the virus can
survive outside animal body about 14-45 days
Transmition
1)inhalation 2)ingested of contaminated food and water
Pathogenesis
Infection of respiratory tract and proliferation of virus in mucosa
Rhintis and pyrexia
Invasion of virus
Lung pneumonia
placenta endometritis
Fetus tissue damage
‫ه‬In placenta cause either still birth or weak then die
Clinical signs
There are 4 syndrome associated with the disease in horses
1)upper respiratory infection in young horses
Incubation period 2-20 days ,fever but appetite is normal ,congictivitis,
Rhinitis serous discharge and cough .
The course of disease 2-5 days ,the disease usually unapparent,in some
horses slight enlargement of submandibular L.N and in others diarrhea
and edema
2) Abortion in mares occur during last of pregnancy and no retained
placenta
3)septicemia and viremia in neonatal foals
2
The foals normal or weak and may dead about few days
4)Nervous signs in adult horses or paralysis syndrome in adult there is
ataxia,paresis, recumbence,and death ,this syndrome occur in outbreak
Complications
The main complications secondary bacterial invasion result in pneumonia
D. Diagnosis
1)strangles
2)catarrhal Rhinitis
3) Equine viral arteritis
4)Equine influenza
5)purpura hemorrhagica
Diagnosis
1)clinical signs
2)Necropsy and histology
Sever pulmonary congestion ,focal hepatic necrosis ,intraneuclear
inclusion bodies and pneumonia.
3)Viral isolation from aborted fetus using tissue culture and
immunofloracent tech.
4)Serology. By using direct florescent Ab test and Eliza
5)Hematology: Leukopenia
Treatment
There is no specific treatment but adminsteration of antibiotic for 2nd
bacterial invasion and treatment should be continuous 4-6 days
3
Control
1)Isolation of all infected animals
2)aborted fetus should be disposed
3)vaccination for suckling foals and mares by using:killed vaccine and live attenuated vaccine (hamster adapted and cell
culture adapted).
4