Supplement A The predicted and observed variation (↑ = increased, ↓ = decreased) in movement using movement rate and path
sinuosity as indices of wolf behaviour across the South Peace region of northeastern British Columbia. If observed movements were
scale- or season-dependent, results are indicated in parentheses (seasonal: NW = non-winter, W = winter; scale: daily or weekly)
Movement Index
Factor
Season/Scale
Non-winter
Winter
Daily Movements
1
Weekly Movements
Habitat Class
Alpine
Forest cover type:
conifer
Forest cover type:
mixed-species
Forest cover type:
deciduous
Hypothesized Movement Response of Wolves
Predicted
Movement Rate
Observed
Path Sinuosity
Predicted
Observed
Movement rates increase in response to reproduction
and greater availability of prey. Sinuosity of
movements decrease concurrent with less human
disturbance.
Movement rates and sinuosity decrease in response to
greater snow accumulation and availability of
vulnerable prey.
Movement rates decrease and sinuosity increase as
short-term movements are associated with hunting and
searching of prey.
Movement rates increase and sinuosity decrease as
long-term movements are associated with territory use
and patrol.
↑
↑
↓
Not statistically
influential
↓
↓
↓
Not statistically
influential
↓
↓
↑
↑
↑
↑
↓
↓
Movement rates increase and sinuosity decrease in
response to reduced travel resistance.
Movement rates decrease and sinuosity increase in
response to greater prey availability and selection of
habitats for den/homesites.
Movement rates decrease and sinuosity increase in
response to greater prey availability and selection of
habitats for den/homesites.
Movement rates decrease and sinuosity increase in
response to greater prey availability and selection of
habitats for den/homesites.
↑
↑ (weekly)
↓
↓ (weekly)
↓
NW: Not statistically
influential, W: ↓ (daily)
↑
NW: ↑, W: ↑
↓
NW: Not statistically
influential, W: ↑
(weekly)
NW: Not statistically
influential
↑
NW: ↑, W: ↑
(weekly)
↑
NW: ↓ (weekly),
W: ↓
↓
Supplement A Continued
Movement Index
Factor
Caribou Habitat
RSF Caribou BHRW
RSF Caribou Quintette
Human
Disturbances
Linear feature Proximity
Hypothesized Movement Response of Wolves
Predicted
Movement rates decrease and sinuosity increase in
response to greater availability of caribou as prey.
Movement rates decrease and sinuosity increase in
response to greater availability of caribou as prey.
↓
Movement rates increase and sinuosity decrease in
response to reduced travel resistance. Linear features
facilitate rapid travel by wolves.
Movement Rate
Observed
Path Sinuosity
Predicted
Observed
NW: Not statistically
influential, W: ↑
Not statistically
influential
↑
NW: ↑, W: ↓ (daily)
↑
↑ (slight)
↑
NW: ↓ (roads, weekly),
W: ↓ (daily)
↓
Non-linear feature - Movement rates decrease and sinuosity increase in
Proximity
response to greater prey availability.
↓
NW: ↓ (cutblocks, daily;
mines, weekly), W: ↓
(daily)
↑
NW: ↓ (roads,
weekly), W: Not
statistically
influential
NW: ↑ (cutblocks,
daily), ↓ (mines,
weekly), W: ↓
(mines, daily)
Linear feature Density
↑
NW: Not statistically
influential, W: ↑
↓
Not statistically
influential
↓
↑
↑
↓ (daily)
↓
2
Movement rates increase and sinuosity decrease in
response to reduced travel resistance and low humanuse.
Non-linear feature - Movement rates decrease and sinuosity increase in
Density
response to greater prey availability.