SBI 3U
Ms. Girvan
Exam Review 2013-14
Your exam will be composed of types of questions that fit under the four
assessment and evaluation categories: knowledge/understanding,
communication, inquiry, and making connections. Practice each kind of
question in your review.
The exam covers material from the entire year. Any assigned work is fair
game for the exam.
Good luck and don’t be afraid to ask for extra help!!
UNIT #1: Diversity of Living Things (~25%)
1. Three Species Concepts
- morphological, biological, phylogenetic
2. The Classification of Living Things
- Taxonomy
- Linnaeus’s system of classification
- Binomial nomenclature
3. Dichotomous Key’s
4. Determining How Species are Related
- anatomical evidence, physiological evidence, DNA evidence
5. Phylogeny
- phylogenetic trees/cladograms
6. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
7. Domains – 3 domains and their characteristics
8. The Six Kingdom System – Basic comparison
9. Viruses
- general characteristics
- types – provirus, retrovirus
- lytic and lysogenic cycles – be able to differentiate and describe all
phases
10. Comparing Bacteria and Archaea
11. Theory of Endosymbiosis
12. Protists
13. From Algae to Land Plants
14. Plants
- general characteristics
- overview of kingdom
15. Fungi Kingdom
16. Animal Kingdom
- characteristics used to classify animals
- invertebrate phylas: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida,
Mollusca, Echinodermata, Arthropoda & vertebrate phylum: Chordata
UNIT #2: Genetic Continuity (~25%)
1. DNA Structure and Function
2. DNA Fingerprinting
3. DNA Replication
4. The Cell Cycle (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis)
5. Stages of Mitosis
6. Types of Pairing of Chromosomes
7. Stages of Meiosis
8. Genetic Variation in Meiosis
9. Mitosis vs. Meiosis
10. Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis
11. Errors in Mitosis (benign and malignant tumors)
12. Nondisjunction Disorders (trisomy vs. monosomy)
13. Chromosomal Mutations (deletion, inversion, duplication, translocation)
14. Prenatal Testing Procedures (amniocentesis and CVS)
15. Reproductive Technologies for Humans
16. Three Types of Cloning (gene, therapeutic, reproductive)
17. Stem Cells
18. Transgenic Organisms
19. Introduction to Genetics
20. Probability and Genetics
21. Monohybrid Crosses
22. Dihybrid Crosses
23. Test Crosses
24. Incomplete Dominance & Co-Dominance
25. Multiple Alleles
26. Environmental Effects on Complex Patterns of Inheritance & Polygenic Traits
27. Sex-Linked Traits
28. Epigenetics
29. Patterns of Inheritance/Pedigrees
a. Autosomal vs. Sex-Linked Inheritance
b. Dominant vs. Recessive Inheritance
30. Genetic Disorders
- Galactosemia
- Cri-du Chat Syndrome
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- PKU
31. Linked Genes
32. Epigenetics
33. Genetic Testing, Genetic Counsellors, Gene Therapy
UNIT #3: Internal Systems (~25%)
1. Types of Respiratory Surfaces in Animals
- Outer Skin
- Gills
- Tracheal System
- Lungs
2. Human Respiratory System
- FOUR types of respiration – breathing, external respiration, internal
respiration, cellular respiration
- Pathway of air (all of the structures involved, location & function)
- How Blood Transports Respiratory Gases (O2 & CO2)
3. The Mechanics of Breathing
- Inhalation and Exhalation (diaphragm and intercostals muscles)
- Lung volume measurements
a. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
b. Expiratory Reserve Volume
c. Tidal Volume
d. Vital Capacity
e. Total Lung Volume
6. The Mammalian Circulatory System
a. Three Main Functions of the Circulatory System
b. Major Components of the Circulatory System
c. Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Arterioles, Venules
7. Pathway of Circulation (diagram of heart)
8. Control of the Heartbeat (SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibres
Chemical Regulators – noradrenalin and acetylcholine)
9. Cardiac Output, Stroke Volume, Heart Rate and Fitness
10. Diagnosing Heart Conditions (ECGs)
11. Three Cycles of Blood (cardiac, systemic, pulmonary)
12. The Composition of Blood (rbc, wbc, platelets, plasma)
13. Blood Pressure (systolic vs. diastolic pressure)
14. Four Major Macromolecules
- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
15. The Function of Digestion
- inorganic vs. organic molecules, macromolecules, metabolism, essential
nutrients
- feeding mechanism: filter, substrate, fluid and bulk feeders
- importance of water, vitamins and minerals
- stages of food processing: ingestion, digestion, absorption and
elimination
- mechanical vs. chemical digestion
16. The Human Digestive Tract
- mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
- peristalsis
17. The Vomit Relfex
18. The Chemical Digestion of Food
- hydrolysis and digestive enzymes (salivary amylase, pepsin, trypsin,
lipase)
19. Factors that Affect Enzyme Activity (temperature and pH)
UNIT #4: Evolution (~15%)
1.History of Evolutionary Thought
- Comte du Buffon, Cuvier, Lyell, Lamark, Darwin, Wallace
- Catastrophism, Uniformitarianism, Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
2. Natural Selection
- The Peppered Moth Simulation
3. Evidence for Evolution
a. The Fossil Record
b. Homologous Structures
c. Vestigial Organs
d. DNA and Biochemistry
e. Geographical Distribution of Species (Biogeography)
f. Embryological Development
4. Artificial Selection
- The Perfect Cow Activity, Selective Pressure and Fitness
5. Mechanisms of Evolution
- Population, Species, Gene Pool, Microevolution
- Causes of Microevolution:
o Mutations
o Gene Flow
o Genetic Drift (Bottleneck Effect, Founder Effect)
o Non-random Mating
o Natural Selection (Stabilizing, Directional, Disruptive, Sexual)
6. Adaptations and Speciation
- Types of adaptations: structural, physiological, behavioural
- Biological species concept
- Speciation pathways: transformation (phyletic) and divergent
- Barriers to Reproduction
o Pre-zygotic Isolation: habitat, behavioural, temporal, mechanical,
and gametic
o Post-zygotic barriers: hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility, hybrid
breakdown
- Types of Speciation: sympatric and allopatric speciation
- Adaptive Radiation
- Divergent and Convergent Evolution
- The Pace of Evolution – gradualism vs. punctuated equilibrium
UNIT #5: Plants (~10%)
1. Plant Anatomy
2. The Vascular Plant
3. Leaf Structure and Function
4. Plant Reproduction – alternation of generations
5. Transport in Plants - transpiration & translocation
6. Plant Growth and Development
- plant hormones, nastic movements, tropisms (3 types)