SBI 3U
Ms. Girvan
Exam Review 2010-11
Your exam will be composed of types of questions that fit under the four
assessment and evaluation categories: knowledge/understanding,
communication, inquiry, and making connections. Practice each kind of
question in your review.
The exam covers material from the entire year. Any assigned work is fair
game for the exam.
Good luck and don’t be afraid to ask for extra help!!
UNIT #1: Diversity of Living Things (~25%)
1. Three Species Concepts
- morphological, biological, phylogenetic
2. The Classification of Living Things
- Taxonomy
- Linnaeus’s system of classification
- Binomial nomenclature
3. Dichotomous Key’s
4. Determining How Species are Related
- anatomical evidence, physiological evidence, DNA evidence
5. Phylogeny
- phylogenetic trees/cladograms
6. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
7. Domains – 3 domains and their characteristics
8. The Six Kingdom System – Basic comparison
9. Biodiversity – 3 types of diversity (species, genetic, ecosystem)
10. Viruses
- general characteristics
- types – provirus, retrovirus
- lytic and lysogenic cycles – be able to differentiate and describe all phases
- prions
11. The Six Kingdoms - Details
12. Theory of Endosymbiosis
13. Characteristics Used to Classify Animals
14. The 8 Major Animal Phyla
- Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Echinodermata,
Arthropods and Chordates-these are fish, reptiles etc.)
- General characteristics
UNIT #2: Genetic Continuity (~25%)
1. DNA Structure and Function
2. DNA Fingerprinting
3. DNA Replication
4. The Cell Cycle (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis)
5. Stages of Mitosis
6. Types of Pairing of Chromosomes
7. Stages of Meiosis
8. Genetic Variation in Meiosis
9. Mitosis vs. Meiosis
10. Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis
11. Errors in Mitosis (benign and malignant tumors)
12. Nondisjunction Disorders (trisomy vs. monosomy)
13. Chromosomal Mutations (deletion, inversion, duplication, translocation)
14. Prenatal Testing Procedures (amniocentesis and CVS)
15. Reproductive Technologies for Humans
16. Three Types of Cloning (gene, therapeutic, reproductive)
17. Stem Cells
18. Transgenic Organisms
19. Gregor Mendel
20. Introduction to Genetics
21. Probability and Genetics
22. Monohybrid Crosses
23. Test Crosses
24. Dihybrid Crosses
25. Law of Independent Assortment
26. Incomplete Dominance
27. Co-Dominance
28. Multiple Alleles
29. Polygenic Traits
30. Sex-Linked Traits
31. Genetic Disorders
- Galactosemia
- Cri-du Chat Syndrome
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- PKU
32. Genetic Testing, Genetic Counsellors, Gene Therapy
33. Patterns of Inheritance/Pedigrees
a. Autosomal vs. Sex-Linked Inheritance
b. Dominant vs. Recessive Inheritance
UNIT #3: Internal Systems (~25%)
1. Levels of Organization (cell, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism)
2. Types of Respiratory Surfaces in Animals
- Outer Skin
- Gills
- Tracheal System
- Lungs
3. Human Respiratory System
- FOUR types of respiration – breathing, external respiration, internal
respiration, cellular respiration
- Pathway of air (all of the structures involved, location & function)
4. The Mechanics of Breathing
- Inhalation and Exhalation (diaphragm and intercostals muscles)
- Lung volume measurements
a. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
b. Expiratory Reserve Volume
c. Tidal Volume
d. Vital Capacity
e. Total Lung Volume
5. How Blood Transports Respiratory Gases (O2 & CO2)
6. Respiratory System Disorders (Asthma, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Hypoxia, Pneumonia, Cystic
Fibrosis, Lung Cancer)
7. The Mammalian Circulatory System
a. Three Main Functions of the Circulatory System
b. Major Components of the Circulatory System
c. Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Arterioles, Venules
d. Pathway of Circulation (diagram of heart)
e. Three Cycles of Blood (cardiac, systemic, pulmonary)
f. The Composition of Blood (rbc, wbc, platelets, plasma)
g. Human Blood Groups/Rhesus Factor
8. Control of the Heartbeat (SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibres Chemical
Regulators – noradrenalin and acetylcholine)
9. Cardiac Output, Stroke Volume, Heart Rate and Fitness
10. Diagnosing Heart Conditions (ECGs)
11. Circulatory Diseases and Disorders
12. Macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids)
- Be sure to know the structure (subunit), function, enzyme that breaks them
down and examples
13. Roles of Vitamin, Minerals & Water in the Body
14. How Animals Obtain Food (filter, substrate, fluid and bulk feeders)
15. Four Stages of Digestion (ingestion, digestion, absorption & elimination)
16. The Human Digestive System
- Parts: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine & large intestine
- Be able to label a diagram of the parts
- Understand the term peristalsis
- Know all three sphincters (esophageal, pyloric, anal)
- Chemical Digestion vs. Mechanical Digestion
17. Organs Related to the Digestive System – Liver, Pancreas, Gall Bladder
18. Chemical Digestion of Food
- Understand hydrolysis reactions
- Understand how hydrolytic enzymes work
- Know 4 major enzymes: salivary amylase, pepsin, lipase & trypsin
- Ideal conditions for enzymes (temperature & pH)
19. Digestive System Disorders
- peptic ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease & ulcerative
colitis), constipation, hepatitis, cirrhosis, gallstones, diabetes
UNIT #4: Evolution (~15%)
1.History of Evolutionary Thought
- Comte du Buffon, Cuvier, Lyell, Lamark, Darwin, Wallace
- Catastrophism, Uniformitarianism, Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
2. Natural Selection
- The Peppered Moth Simulation
3. Evidence for Evolution
a. The Fossil Record
b. Homologous Structures
c. Vestigial Organs
d. DNA and Biochemistry
e. Geographical Distribution of Species (Biogeography)
f. Embryological Development
4. Artificial Selection
- The Perfect Cow Activity
5. Mechanisms of Evolution
- Population, Species, Gene pool, Microevolution
- Causes of Microevolution:
o Mutations
o Gene Flow
o Genetic Drift (Bottleneck Effect, Founder Effect)
o Non-random Mating
o Natural Selection (Stabilizing, Directional, Disruptive, Sexual)
6. Adaptations and Speciation
- Types of adaptations: structural, physiological, behavioural
- Biological species concept
- Speciation pathways: transformation (phyletic) and divergent
- Barriers to Reproduction
o Pre-zygotic Isolation: habitat, behavioural, temporal, mechanical, and
gametic
o Post-zygotic barriers: hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility, hybrid
breakdown
- Types of Speciation: sympatric and allopatric speciation
- Adaptive Radiation
- Divergent and Convergent Evolution
-
The Pace of Evolution – gradualism vs. punctuated equilibrium
UNIT #5: Plants (~10%)
1. Plant Anatomy
- vascular vs. non-vascular plants,
- angiosperms vs. gymnosperms
- monocots vs. dicots
- vascular bundles (xylem and phloem)
2. The Vascular Plant
3. Roots, Stems and Leaves
4. Transport in Plants - transpiration & translocation
5. Plant Reproduction – alternation of generations
6. Plant Growth and Development
- plant hormones
- nastic movements
- tropisms (3 types)