Acronym Allan: The Genealogical Ramblings of a
California Boy Volume II 1865 (and afterward)
First very rough draft, much misspelling, inaccurate data,
bad references, bad grammar, etc. Much need for
reordering and reorganization, but still a start….
Written by Allan Ralph Andrews, born September 13th
1939, Long Beach, California, St. Mary’s Hospital, to Jean
Thompson Andrews (born Selah Washington, June 10th
1917, daughter of Mary Lucretia Lingenfelter Thompson
and Hugh Monroe Thompson) and Ralph B. Andrews
(Son of Alice Smith Andrews and Allen Andrews).
In the first volume we rambled thorough time and
through various references, working slowly through the
birth of Lucretia Webster Smith Kennedy, mother of my
great grandmother, Henrietta Kennedy Lingenfelter and
the birth, in 1865, of my great grandfather Benjamin
Harrison Lingenfelter. In this passage through time, we
saw the changes that are typical of family history. For a
time the Pyle lineage was significant, with one Pyle
actually serving as a member of Parliament, and then my
line of descent becomes slowly more obscure,
disappearing completely in the small towns of Bishops
Canning and Urchfont in Wiltshire, England.
Suddenly, with the coming of the Quaker faith, certain
individuals, associated with Nicolas Pyle of Bishops
Canning, become important and are noticed by William
Penn, particularly, three brothers that are sons of Nicolas
Pyle. There is Robert Pyle, a major leader in the politics
of the new colony, Nicolas Pyle, who becomes associated
with the Concord Mills in the Concord community of
Pennsylvania and seems to make a considerable amount
of wealth in the process, and Ralph Pyle who comes to
Pennsylvania several years after Nicolas.
But, soon the Pyle name becomes more obscure,
associated with a series of country doctors, Dr. Samuel,
Dr John, Sr., and Dr. John, Jr. The John Pyles move south
to North Carolina. Dr. John Sr. becomes a Tory Colonel
and suffers the loss of an important battle to Henry Light
Horse Lee. There is a story that he spies for Washington
and delivers plans the British have prepared for the
battle of Yorktown over to George Washington, leading
the British to lose the battle, and eventually the whole
war, and causing King George to brand Pyle as a traitor
and put a price on his head.
At this point the line becomes more obscure, as the
grandson Jack Pyle moves to Kentucky and Illinois. A
little glimmer of light emerges as Dr Octavius Pyle leads
family members, and associates, to Worth County,
Missouri. Some of his grandsons will graduate from
college and pursue professions as lawyer or preacher.
They will have children and grandchildren that become
doctors, psychologists, teachers, college professors,
engineers, marry generals and bankers, becomes public
accountants, etc. But opportunity begins to fade again
and the light begins to fade once more. Like the moon
shining on the endless rise and fall of the waves of the
ocean on the sand. So the procession moves on, and I
am but a ripple in the whole motion.
Similar events take place in the line leading to Lucretia
Webster Smith Kennedy. Her lineage can be traced back
through Crittendens and Lees that associated with the
likes of Jefferson and the original settlers of Jamestown,
rich planters with large plantings on the coast. But my
lineage moved inland and upland into Kentucky and
Tennessee and on to the unplowed territory beyond,
where the graveyards lie forgotten and the tombstones
are fallen among the growing trees.
We could talk about deaths and births and dates and
birth places and burials. Who was who and where and
who married which wife with which fortune, but at a
certain point it is all the same. The rich fields roll on
toward the horizon as you cross the Missouri River into
Kansas and Nebraska. Here, they laid the railroad lines
that took us west. Just a few at first, and then more and
more, with more cars rolling and steaming locomotives
to pull them, oh I remember the puffing smoking trains,
and then they sucked us out, lifted us out of where ever
we had settled, taking us on. Leaving nothing but ghost
towns behind in the fields, spreading out from Denver,
Missouri, just south of the Iowa State Line, places where
Pyles, and their friends, once owned land, even farmed,
left graves of family members behind before moving on.
Silent graves with inscriptions that no one reads, no
more, not any more at all. There is nothing but the
silence, and the sound of the wind, sometimes soft,
sometimes loud, the endlessly moving wind, ever flowing
cross the land, a wind, sometimes ragging in horrid
storms, even deadly tornados, screaming, whispering,
the wind that blew them all away.
But the story is not all sad. There is a comic side to it.
There are strange characters in the story. Some larger
than life. Because, to build a railroad, you need money,
and you need metal, lots of iron and steel. And you also
need wood and coal. For the diesel trains that come
later, you will need oil as well.
Charles R. Morris has written a book called “The
Tycoons” that tells the story of how five men, Andrew
Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P.
Morgan created the special economy that feed the
growth of this new world. This story is also told in
George Brown Tindall and David E. Shi’s history textbook,
“America, a Narrative History,” Volume II, Norton (2004).
This text points out that 620,000 lives were lost in the
Civil War, while 4 million slaves gained freedom. The 13th
Amendment was ratified in December of 1865, the same
month that Benjamin Harrison Lingenfelter was born, an
slavery was abolished.
A Republican Congress was able to double import duties
protecting locally made goods and doubling the revenue
that was generated for the Federal Government. A
National Banking Act created a uniform currency.
Legislation was passed for a transcontinental railroad
from Omaha, Nebraska to Sacramento, California. The
Morrill Land Grant Act gave each state 30,000 acres of
land per congressman to sell to finance agricultural and
mechanical colleges. In 1866, Mississippi had to spend 1
out of 5 of its tax dollars for artificial limbs for injured
Confederate soldiers. It took twenty years, or more, to
bring cotton, tobacco, and sugar production in the South
back to prewar levels and the rice and hemp industry
were permanently ruined. Many of the displaced
Southern farmers moved to Canada, Europe, Mexico,
South America, Asia, west to California, even north to
Chicago and beyond. Southerners trained their children
to seek vengeance on the North (op. cit., pp. 713 -727).
But the whole country, ultimately the whole planet, was
at the edge of unforeseen changes. If you look at the
Pyle lineages, Nicholas in England, son Nicholas in
Pennyslvania, Dr. Samuel, Colonel Dr. John Sr., Captain
Dr. John, Jr., Jack, Dr. Octavius, Mary Ellen Pyle
Lingenfelter, Benjamin Harrison Lingenfelter, Mary
Lingenfelter Thompson, Jean Thompson Andrews, Allan
Andrews (current author), the two Nicholas generations
represent the triumph of the printing press (Protestant
Bibles against Church of England) and the water mill
(Concord Mills and corn products in Concord
Pennsylvania). Jack Pyle moves inland, with the gradual
triumph of water transport, and eventually the
steamboat taking commerce up American Rivers. The
world of Dr. Octavius and his daughter Mary Ellen will be
transformed by the railroad and the telegraph. Benjamin
Harrison Lingenfelter and Mary Lingenfelter belong to
the age of the triumph of electricity, telephones, radios,
motion pictures. Jean Thompson Andrews and Allan
Andrews belong to the period of television, computers,
space vehicles, internet and web, cell phones and
facebook. From an information system standpoint, the
level of organization transition is as dramatic as the jump
from atom to molecule to macromolecule, or from cell,
to tissue, to organ, and organ system. The transitions are
coming faster and faster and cannot continue at this
level. It is not known if the planet can withstand the
application of a breaking process that is necessary to
manage the next set of transitions, or failure of
transitions, the failure to apply controls, breaks. What
this even means is uncertain.
Hence it is extremely important to look at the social
processes that are involved. Our natural tendency is to
use political processes, even international political
processes as a means to apply these brakes, but the
studies of history done by Arnold Toynbee, sited in other
works by this author, indicate that this is a false hope. All
too often the world has looked to some kind of Universal
State and Universal Church controlled by some sort of
dominant minority as a way of overcoming problems in
the global social order. Toynbee has document why and
how this does not work and will not work. The basic
reason is that it is in the interest of the dominant
minority not to make creative changes to meet the
challenges of the environment. The natural tendency of
the leaders of Universal Churches and States is to control
through various forms of military and doctrinal
repression. This form of control is a false hope and the
tendency of the current leading classes to look for
change in that direction, the conservative toward the
military and the church, and the liberal toward some sort
of judicial and legal moral leadership, is an empty hope.
Creativity is necessarily found within, at local, personal,
at levels prior to the universal and the global. Toynbee
calls the process “withdrawal and return,” and these
reviews of the challenges faced by my own family and
myself in the faces of the changes described above, is my
own attempt to examine my own roots, to retire to the
origins of family, society, and self, as best as I can
personally document them.
Bakersfield, California, Allan Ralph Andrews, June 13th
2012.
The period from 1865 to the time of my birth has been
an amazing explosion of change. The life of the Pyle
family in Bishops Canning in the 1500s and 1600s was
one of farming and work in cloth. In the new world, they
took up medicine and politics, but once West, they
appear to have largely gone back to the farm. The
United States was still largely a world of small farming at
the end of the Civil War. Manufacturing and
transportation, mining, and various forms of extraction
of natural wealth were on the rise.
In respect to these changes, it seems hard to decide,
which came first, new technology, new science, new
forms of business. The period between the birth of
Benjamin Harrison Lingenfelter in 1865 and the birth of
Henrietta Kennedy Lingenfelter in 1870 is also the period
of the emergence of the periodic table of the elements in
physical chemistry. According to “A History of
Chemistry,” by F. J. Moore and William T. Hall, 2nd ed.,
Mc Graw Hill, 1931, cited in Volume I of this work, the
finest work on atomic weights was done by a Belgian
Chemist, Jean Servais Stas, born in Louvain in 1813. Stas
refined quantitative analysis and used balances of great
precision. Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner, born 1780 in
Bavaria, Professor of Chemistry at Jena, pointed out
triads of elements in 1839 (chlorine, bromine, iodine;
calcium, strontium, barium; lithium, sodium, potassium).
Max Joseph von Pettenkofer, born 1818 at Lichtenheim,
working at Giessen, pointed out in 1850 that combining
weights of similar elements differed by some factor of
eight. In 1863, A. E. Beguyer de Chancourtois, professor
of geology in the Paris Ecole des Mines, published the
beginning of a series of papers showing how there is a
regular series of elements with similar properties when
elements are organized by weights. In 1865, John
Alexander Reina Newlands (born 1838, an English
Chemist with an Italian ancestry, having fought with
Gairbaldi in Italy in 1860) discovered the “Law of
Octaves.” Lothar Meyer, born in Varel, Oldenburg, in
1830, published Die modern Theorien der Chemie, in
1864. It was a standard work in Chemistry for many
years. Myers and Dmitrij Ivanovitch Mendelejeff (born
Tobolsk, Siberia, 1834) pioneered the periodic table that
resulted from the application of these discoveries.
Mendelejeff published his periodic table in 1869 and a
later version in 1871. Meyers first arrangement
appeared in 1870 and references an earlier work by
Mendelejeff. Mendelejeff’s system had vacant spaces
that he used to predict the weights and properties of
elements yet to be found. These predictions were
fulfilled in later years with amazing accuracy. (op. cit, pp.
185 -199).
Most of the important work in science was still being
done in Europe, particularly in Germany, which was
beginning to surge ahead of France and England, that
had led science and technology prior to the rise of
Modern Germany under Bismarck. The steam
locomotive and the railroad represented a technology
that was developed first in England and then copied in
the United States. Steel making technology appeared
first in England, only to be copied in the United States.
Charles R. Morris, in his work, “The Tycoons,” Holt, 2005,
referred to above, discusses how the US pulled ahead of
the rest of the world sometime in 1895 (op. cit. preface).
He describes how the East Coast was already being
transformed by the railroad and the Erie Canal into a
manufacturing oriented complex. Already factory made
shoes and cloth were replacing the old handmade items.
Oil lamps and stoves had replaced candles and fireplaces.
A machine tool approach involving replaceable parts
developed in the New England area in association with
manufacturing of guns and rifles. This technology
provided a useful base for the development of new
methods of manufacturing. Even though the British had
invented power looms and spinning equipment,
Americans improved on British designs. Saw mills and
flour mills in America had improved on British designs
(Morris, pp. 30 – 59).
Apparently, British money was moving into America, with
foreign investment doubling from 1855 to 1865 and
tripling from 1865 to 1875, the period in which Benjamin
and Henrietta Lingenfelter were born. The 1870s appear
to be the period in which Rockefeller emerged as
dominant in oil, and the 1880s were the period of the
dominance of Gould in railroads. But, the idea of using
kerosene for lighting was the latest new thing and
refining oil to make it was a booming industry.
Rockefeller decided to build refining operations in
Cleveland and call them “Standard Oil.” He was not
innovated, but he bought up the innovations that
seemed to work (op. cit., p. 80). It was distribution that
he was good at controlling (op. cit., p. 81). This meant
pipelines and storage tanks, loading and shipping docks.
Between 1860 and 1910, according to “America, A
Narrative History,” 6th edition, Volume II, by Georgia
Brown Tindall and David E. Shi, previously cited, the
population of urban areas grew from 6 million to 44
million, by 1920, half of the nation lived in cities (op. cit.
p. 842). In 1865, when Benjamin Harrison Lingenfelter
was born, in 1870, when Henrietta Kennedy was born,
both families were moving away from the farm, both
Benjamin and Henrietta went off to get a college degree
in Drake University, and then moved to Seattle. By the
1920s, their children were living in urban conditions in
Seattle, Torrance (a suburb of Los Angeles), the
Thompsons, Mary and Hugh Monroe, were in Torrance
and later in Long Beach. My father, Ralph B. Andrews,
and his mother and sister were in Long Beach. Although,
I was born in Long Beach, World War II drew my
immediate family within the Los Angeles City limits.
It is Harris Newmark’s “Sixty Years in California” that we
chose to use in the previous volume as the thermometer
of changes in Los Angeles County in this period of time.
In March, 1868 plans were announced to build an ice
storage house in Los Angeles. Ground was broken for the
San Pedro to Los Angeles railroad in September. Daily
overland stages entered the city on Sixth Street at this
time. Water mains began to progress along the city
streets in 1869. This was also the year that a Los Angeles
Board of Education was organized. 1869 was also the
year that hacks and omnibuses began to appear in the
city. By June 14th of 1869, only six miles of the San Pedro
railroad had been finished (op. cit., p. 393).
Andrew Carnegie was the owner of the St. Louis Bridge
Company, according to Charles R. Morris (op. cit., p. 92),
and it appears to have secured a contract in 1867, work
was done by the Keystone Bridge Co. (also owned by
Carnegie) and used iron from the Union Iron Mills (also
owned by Carnegie, op. cit., p. 93). A Captain James Eads
worked out much of the engineering involving caissons
and use of iron in high stress areas of the bridgework.
But the result was something over budget and late in
completion, it finally opened July 4th 1874 (op. cit. p. 94).
In the meantime, the transcontinental railroad had
already made its was to Sacramento in 1869, though
much transfer of railway freight had to be done by boat
across rivers like the Mississippi until the great iron
bridges were able to span the water.
Tremendous changes took place in the west between
1853, when the Pyles moved across northern Missouri
into Worth County and 1865, when my great grandfather
Benjamin Harrison Lingenfelter was born, and even more
changes by the time of the birth of his wife, Henrietta
Kennedy in 1870. Still they remained in Missouri,
although relatives of Lucretia Webster Smith Kennedy,
mother of Henrietta had start moving west, even before
1853, and so had Ambrose Cain, friend of the Kennedy
family and relative of the Cains that rest in Cain
Cemetery with Kennedy and McMichael dead, as
discussed in Volume I. of our story. Apparently, Octavius
Pyle had gone on to Montana and then changed his mind
and returned to Worth County.
Maps of agriculture from this period show high amounts
of wheat and corn and cattle from the region of Iowa and
the Missouri River. To the west, beyond the 28 inch
rainfall line, production drops off. So as long as they
continued to farm, there was no reason to move on. And
city life took a long time to develop west of the Missouri.
Most cities that were developing were associated with
the discovery of gold and silver and were places were
rough frontier conditions were the norm, certainly not
attractive to family farmers or small town merchants
more comfortable with teaching, preaching, medicine,
etc, then with fighting and gambling.
A famous associate of gamblers and fighters, Mark
Twain, published an account of his travels to Nevada with
his brother in 1861. His brother is appointed secretary to
the territorial governor. In his book “Roughing It”
(published in 1872). Samuel Clements (Mark Twain)
begins his journey west in St. Louis. It takes six days to
get to St. Joseph, Missouri on this steamboat journey,
walking over snags, pushed by the great wheel that was
the source of forward motion. He mentions being stuck
on sand bars, and bumping reefs, so much of this that he
wonders if the boat might have gone by land.
As the travelers cross the plains, the stage they are on
changes to mudwagons and the horses change to mules.
When I was a boy Mark Twain was one of my favorite
authors. My mother loved Mark Twain. She read him to
me and I read the stories in turn, Huckleberry Finn, Tom
Sawyer, Prince and the Pauper, even Joan of Arch. When
Disney Land put in a steamboat exhibit and island in its
1954 opening of Frontier land in Anaheim, I visited the
steamboat over and over again at the age of 14 and 15. I
also loved the railroad. It turns out that railroads were
part of my father’s family history.
I found an entry for Jacob Andrews, son of Jeremiah
Andrews, son of Jeremiah Andrews, an original settler of
Burgettstown, Washington County, Pennsylvania. Jacob
Andrews married Hannah Carlise, their son, William D.
Andrews married Agnes Belle Thornburg (1852 -1951)
and their son Allen Shipley Andrews married Alice Mae
Smith, whose children were Ralph B. Andrews and Nellie
Mae Andrews. Anges Belle Thornburg was the daughter
of John S. Thornburg and Eliza Jane Summerwell, who
was the daughter of Patrick Summerwell and Martha
Knox. William D. Andrews was a railway conductor and
his son, and my grandfather, Allen Shipley Andrews, also
was a railway worker. Allen Shipley’s father in law,
worked on the electric trolley system for Columbus,
Ohio.
Before we move forward, we need to look at this branch
of the family in greater depth. It turns out to be a
railroad family, yet, only one line of this family, my
grandfather Allen Shipley Andrews, appears to have gone
west on the railroad.
The key source for understanding what is going on with
this lineage is an article published by Beers, J. H. and Co.,
out of Chicago in 1893, titled “Commemorative
Biographical Record of Washington County,
Pennsylvania.” On page 603, there is an article on Jacob
Andrews, father of William, father of Allen, father of
Ralph, and father of Allan Ralph Andrews, the current
writer of the work you are now reading, and father of
Stephen Charles Andrews, father of Stephen Roy
Andrews. Jacob is the son of Jeremiah, who is the son of
Jeremiah and Susanna Andrews. They were born and
married in Ireland before, coming to the Burgettstown,
Washington County, Pennsylvania area sometime before
1800. According to this account, they set up a crude
dwelling, a cabin on land that was still wild. They had the
following children: Matthew Andrews, Jeremiah
Andrews, Joseph Andrews, Robert Andrews, John
Andrews, Elizabeth (married Nathan Scott) Andrews,
Catherine (Scott) Andrews, and Nancy (married Andrew
Carlile) Andrews.
Jeremiah Andrews, (the second), born around 1790, at
the Smith Township location three miles north of
Burgettstown, was a farmer and received a very
rudimentary education in local schools. He married into
the Carlisle family of Washington County. Their children
were Jeremiah, John C., and Isabella. Jeremiah (the
third) was a farmer in Beaver County, Pennsylvania and
then in Columbiana County, Ohio. John C. Andrews also
farmed in Beaver and Columbiana before returning to
Beaver County, Pennsylvania. Isabella Andrews married
William Nichols. William Nichols was a stone mason in
Beaver County. He eventually moved to Kentucky (op.
cit.).
When his first wife died, Jeremiah married Catherine
Neiswonger (Niswonger, Miswonger), from Hancock
County West Virginia, in the old Virginia panhandle near
Steubenville, Ohio. They had the following children:
Rachel Andrews, Jacob Andrews, Elizabeth Andrews,
Joseph Andrews, George H. Andrews, Susana Andrews,
and Catherine Andrews. Rachel married Francis McBride
from Ashland County, Ohio. Elizabeth married James
McMillen of Columbiana County, Ohio. Susanna married
Captain J. H. Melvin, of Fairview, West Virginia.
Catherine married W. W. Morrow, of Wellsville, Ohio.
Joseph Andrews was a farmer of Beaver County,
Pennsylvania. George H. Andrews was a farmer in
California (see Beer, cited above).
Jeremiah farmed in Fairview in Hancock County, West
Virginia. His business activity brought him considerable
wealth. He was a Democrat and a member of the United
Presbyterian Church. He died in 1856 and his wife died
in 1875. They are buried in Tomlinson’s Run Cemetery,
Beaver County, Pennsylvania (see Beer, p. 603, cited
above).
Jacob Andrews, great great grandfather of Allan Ralph
Andrews, was born 6 Sept 1828 in Handcock County,
West Virginia, near Steubenville, Ohio. He was educated
in the local schools. In 1849, at the age of 21, he and his
half brother, John C. Andrews, went to Columbiana,
County, Ohio to work on a farm. Rachel Andrews, a
sister, was the house keeper until she married Francis
McBride. Elizabeth Andrews replaced Rachel Andrews as
housekeeper after Rachel was married. In 1856, Jacob
sold his interest in the farm and returned to Hancock
County, West Virginia. He married Hannah Carlile on 3
May 1857.
Hannah Carlile was born 22 March, 1838, the 10th child in
a family of 14, in Columbiana, Ohio. Her parents were
John Carlile and Margaret Hephner. John Carlile was
born in New Jersey and came to Columbiana, Ohio with
his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Carlile. Margaret
Hepner was the daughter of Henry Hephner (a native of
Germany) and Mary Shoemaker (Ibid).
Jacob and Hannah had the following children: Josephine
Andrews, William D. Andrews, George W. Andrews,
Luella Andrews, Lizzie Andrews, John H. Andrews, Manda
B. Andrews, and Harvey Andrews. Josephine and Luella
died in youth, Harvey died at the age of 17. Lizzie
married Barcley S. Fennimore of Jewett, Ohio. Manda B.
married D. C. Fulton, a farmer of Hanover Township,
Washington County, Pennsylvania. William D. Andrews
was working as a conductor on the P. C. C. and St Louis
Railroad at the time the Beers Commemorative piece
was written. George W. Andrews was working as a clerk
in the shipping department of the Edgar Thomson Steel
Works, in Braddock, Pennsylvania, at the time of the
Beers workup. John H. Andrews was working as a
conductor on the New York Central Railroad in 1893.
According to the Beers Commemorative, Jacob and
Hannah began farming in Beaver County, Pennsylvania
and moved to Washington County in 1864, locating on a
farm in Smith Township near Burgettstown. According to
Beers, he was successful at farming, but was doing little
work on the farm (being around 65 at this point). The
Beers write up concludes with the statement that Jacob
was a Democrat.
According to postings from Ancestry, John Carlile was
born around 1795 in Pennsylvania and died about 1846
in Columbiana, Ohio. His marriage to Margaret Hephner
is dated December 21, 1820, in Center Township,
Columbiana, Ohio. Margaret Hephner was the daughter
of Johann Jacob Hopffner and Maria Dorthea
Schumacher. John and Margaret had the following
children: Henry, 1832; Catherine, 1835; Elizabeth J.,
1837; Hannah, 1838; Martha, 1840; Harriet, 1845.
Maria Dorthea Schumaker (Shoemaker) was the
daughter of Bartholomew Shoemaker. Bartholomew was
born in 1763 in Cleebourg, Alsace, France, and died 8
Nov. 1793 in Moon Township, Allegheny County,
Pennsylvania. Maria Dorthea Schumacher was born in
1758 in Fredrick County Maryland and died 7 Feb 1831 in
Center Township, Columbiana, Ohio. Maria Dorthea
Schumacher and Johann Jacob Hopffner had the
following children: Henry, 1784; Elizabeth, 1786; Maria
Barbara, 1786; Dorothy Dolly, 1787; Maria Dorthea,
1788; Johann Jacob, 1790; Anna Catharina, 1791; Jacob
Jr, 1794; John C., 1795; Sarah, 1797; Margaret, 1800;
Samuel, 1802; Peter, 1806.
Johann Jabob Hopffner was born August 6th 1755 and
died about September 1835. He was the son of Marcus
Henrich Hopffner and Anna Maria Sybille Lenning. Ed
Kinzer has the following note on Johann Jacob Hebner,
(who should be my great grand father William Andrews’
maternal grand father, thus generation 7?, or 1 and 2
and 4 and 8 and 16 and 32 and 64 level, takes 64 parents,
128 brothers and 256 cousins to each one person at this
level), seems that Johann Jacob Hepner was born 6 Aug
1755 and died 7 Feb 1831. He was born in Eschwege,
Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, Germany and died in
Columbiana County, Ohio. The Landgrave of Hesse
Kassel had a wife who was a daughter of George II.
Frederick II, Landgrave supplied around 17,000 troops.
German troops were around one third of the English
forces. Hoephner appears to have been a private in the
4th Kompanie of the Prince Fredrick Regiment
commanded by crown prince Johann Friedrick Von
Cockenhousen. May, 1783, Jacob was a prisoner of war,
and then deserted to the Colonial Army. Hopffner began
to change his name into Hoephner and then Hephner.
He married Dorthea Schumacher about 1781 in Frederick
County, Maryland. He shows up in York and Adams
County, Pennsylvania in 1810 and in Ohio in 1826 in
Lisbon. Jacob dies in Ohio in 1835, but the family
continues on to Wisconsin in 1848. His son Henry dies
June 9th 1865 in Center Township, Columbiana County,
Ohio. His daughter Elizabeth dies July 10th 1864 in
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. His son Johann Jacob
Hephner dies February 4th 1865 in Wellsville,
Columbiana, Ohio. Samuel Hephner dies around 1860 in
Outagamie County, Wisconsin and Peter October 12,
1863 in Mackville, Outagamie County, Wisconsin.
Johann Peter Schumacher was born 1639 in Cleebourg,
Bas-Rhin, Alsace France and died 1713 in Cleebourg. He
married Anna Barbara Heckh. She was born in 1646 in
Cleebourg and died in Cleebourg. Their child, Johann
Georg Schumacher was born in Cleebourg and died Feb
18, 1733 in Cleebourg. He married Maria Ana Barbara.
Their child, Jacob Schumacher, was born March 14, 1704
in Cleebourg and died January 2, 1769 in Cleebourg. His
child, Barolomew Shoemaker, was born around 1736 in
Cleebourg and died November 8, 1793 in Moon
Township, Washington county, Pennsylvania. He married
Anna Barbara Balssel, who was born in Klingen, Germany
29 Sept 1727. Their children are Elias Shoemaker, born
Fredrick Maryland, died 1822, Hardy, West Virginia;
Michael, born Fredrick, MD, died Washington County,
PA, 1801; Maria Dorthea Shoemaker, born before 1771,
Fredrick, MD, died after Feb. 7 1831, Center Township,
Columbiana, Ohio; John Peter Shoemaker, born June 22,
1760, Fredrick, MD, died August 16th 1780, revolutionary
war; Anna Mary Barbara Shoemaker, born Feb. 15th
1764, Loudoun, Virginia, died July 5th 1828, Columbiana,
Ohio. Maria Dorthea Shoemaker married Johann Jacob
Hepner 1781 -1783 in Frederick MD.
Daniel P. Carlile was born in 1777 in Springfield, Essex,
New Jersey to John Carlile and Margaret. Daniel married
Sarah Hunt and produced 9 children. He died 18 Sept
1843 in Center Township, Columbiana, Ohio. Sara Hunt
was born in 1776 and died in 1847. Their children
included: Jacob, Nancy, Joseph M, Mary, Sarah, and
Catherine Carlile and John Carlile. John Carlile/Carlisle
was born in 1795 and died in 1867. He married Margaret
Hephner, born in 1796 and died 1882. Their children
were: Daniel, 1821 -1909; Sarah (married George Hetzel,
Jacob Hepner), 1823 – 1856; Jacob Carlisle, 1824 -1923;
Nancy Agnes Carlisle, 1828 – 1914 (Married William A.
Stockman); John Carlisle, 1831 – 1858; Henry Calile, 1832
(Married Martha Crawford); Elizabeth Jane
Carlile/Carlisle, 1834 – 1899 (Married Harrison
Clapsaddle 1828 – 1906); Catherine (Carlile) Tritt 1835 1865; Hannah (Carlile) Andrews, born 1838; Martha
Carlile, born 1840; Harriett Ellen “Hattie” Carlisle, 1845 1932 (Married James C. Clunk, 1847 – 1910).
William D. Andrews was born in Beaver Pennsylvania, 12
July 1859 to Jacob Andrews and Hannah Carlisle (see
above). William D. married Agnes Belle Thornburg. He
had 7 children: Frank, Allen Shipley (my grandfather),
Nellie, George Charles, Harvey John, Charles Jacob, and
William Lee Andrews. He died in Dennison, Tuscarawas,
Ohio, 11 Nov. 1932. Agnes Belle Thornburg was born in
Hickory, Washington County, Pennsylvania in 1852, and
died 2 Feb 1951. Her parents were Eliza Summerwell and
John S. Thornburg.
Eliza Summerwell was the child of Patrick Summerwell
and Martha Knox, per a posting on the Wheelers of Cass
Co. Missouri on an Ancestry message board. It appears
that Patrick was born at Moneymore, County Tyrone,
Ireland and learned the trade of linen weaving at
Londonderry. He came to America in 1812. Because of
the War of 1812, he had to get a permit to stay. In 1815,
he bought 40 acres in Beaver, County, Pennsylvania. It
was called “Enisskillen.” The children of Patrick and
Martha were William, Margaret, Eliza Jane, and Patrick
(born in a second marriage to Susan Matthewson).
Patrick and Susan had the following children: Martha,
Susan, Nancy, and Israel. William Summerwell went to
Illinois in 1851-1852 and continued on to Holden, in Cass
County, Missouri (near Kansas City). Margaret
Summerwell married Issac Swaney, Margaret died in
New Cumberland, Hancock County, West Virginia at the
age of 97 or 98. Robert Knox Summerwell moved to
Covington, Kentucky around 1851. He was elected
sheriff and studied law and was successful. His law
partner, when he died in 1863, was John C. Carlisle, later
Secretary of the Treasury for Grover Cleveland. His sister
Eliza Jane, grandmother of Allen Shipley Andrews,
married John S. Thornburg. When she died April, 1864
during the Civil War, at 42. When John S. returned from
the Civil War, he married her half sister Mary Stroud
Summerwell. After the Civil War, John and Mary lived in
Steubenville, Ohio. James Summerwell, moved to Cairo,
Illinois in 1852. He died there at the age of 74. Martha
Summerwell married William Robertson. Sarah
Summerwell married Abia Smith. Nancy did not marry,
but Isabell married John W. Smith.
A look at the census record shows why it is so hard to
trace these families. For both the 1850 and 1860 census,
the Patrick Summerwell family is living at in Kendall in
Hanover in Beaver County, Pennsylvania. But in the 1850
census, he is listed as Patrick Somerville and in the 1860
census, as Patric Summerwell. His birthplace is given as
Ireland in both, but he is 59 and born in 1791 in 1850 and
71 and born in 1789 in 1860. In 1850, he is living with
Susanna 52, Martha A., 19; Mary S., 17; Agnes, 12, and
Isabella S., 10. In 1860, he is living with Susanna, 62,
Mary 27, Nancy 22, Isabel, 19 and John Penney, 13 and
Mary Matthew 58. Eliza Jane Summerwell/Somerville is
living with John S. Thornburgh in the 1860 census, in
Mount Pleasant, Washington, Pennsylvania at Hickory.
John’s age is given as 46, his birth year as 1814 and his
birth place as Maryland. Living with him is Eliza J.
Thornburgh 35 (his wife, the former Eliza Jane
Summerwell), Adam A., 21; Peter A.,13; Ely 11; Margaret
J., 8; Agness 6; Martha, 3; Elizabeth R., 6 months, and
William K., 4. In the 1870 census, he is living in
Steubenville Ward 3, Jefferson County, Ohio. He is now
born in 1817, but his birthplace is still Maryland and his
age is 53. He is living with Mary Thornburgh 38, half
sister of Eliza Jane Summerwell, who died in 1864. Other
Thornburgh present are Mattie, age 11; Elizabeth, age 9,
and William, age 17. In the 1880 census, his occupation
is given as Hotel Keeper, he is still living in Steubenville,
Ohio, his age is now 65, and his birthplace is still
Maryland, but the date is now about 1815. His wife is
Mary Thornburg, her father and mothers birthplace is
given as Virginia. The spelling of the name has changed
from Thornburgh to Thornburg and Thornburgs present
are Mary (above) 48; William K, 28; Cementha, 25;
Martha H. , 21; Bertha, 3; Elizabeth, 18; Jessie, 3. The
1850 census for Mount Pleasant Township, Washington
County, Pennsylvania, lists John Thornburgh as a
shoemaker, with a wife, Eliza J., born in Pennsylvania.
Thornburghs living with them are Adam, 12; Peter Allen
4, and Eli 2. Also present was Sarah Summerwell, 15,
Eliza’s younger sister.
I have a daguerreotype, given to me by Agnes Thornburg
Andrews, my great grandmother, of Peter Allen and Eli
taken in Steubenville, Ohio in 1858. Because there is no
record anywhere of what happened to Allen Peter, or
Peter Allen, he seems to go by both, and Eli, I went
through census records to see if I could find him. An
Allen Thornburgborn about 1848 in Pennsylvania shows
up in Brooklyn, Kings, New York in the 1880 census. He is
married and working as a clerk in a store. His age is now
32 and his wife Ella is 30. There is a Frederick Thornburg,
3, present in the household. The Thornburgs are living
with William Olphine 52, Emma Olphine 42, William
Olphine 24 and Mary Kane 26. Nothing more is heard of
him, but a Frederick Thornburg shows up with a birth
year of 1878 in the 1930 census, living in Manhattan,
New York, New York. He is 52 and his wife is 44. Eli
Thornburg also disappears, but an Eli with the right birth
year, about 1850, shows up in the 1820 census at Sharon
Ward 4, Mercer, Pennsylvania. He is now 70 and
widowed and owns his own home. There is no one else
in the household.
Agnes Belle Thornburg, born 18 June 1855 to John S.
Thornburgh and Eliza Jane Summerwell, will marry
William D. Andrews and live in Tuscarawas County, Ohio,
where she will give birth to her first son, Allen Shipley
Andrews, my grandfather, in 1880. Allen was named
after Allen Peter, she was my great grandmother’s eldest
child. I was the eldest child and named after Allen
Shipley, motivating Agnes to give me the daguerreotype
of the Thornburg brothers, mentioned above, sometime
around 1940, on a trip to Long Beach, California, to see
my family when I was only about a year old.
Tracing all of this is not easy. Census data helps.
However, clusters of these ancestors can sometimes be
found in certain cemeteries. One of the largest
collections of Andrews’ graves is in the Westminster
Presbyterian Cemetery in Burgettstown, Washington
County, Pennsylvania. Here you find the graves of
Jeremiah Andrews, born 1763, died July 31st 1828,
Susanna Andrews, born 1768, died June 15th 1835, John
Andrews, born 1802, died Jan. 2nd 1867, Mary Andrews,
born Sept. 23, 1804, died Sept. 25th 1861, Jacob Andrews,
born 1828, died Feb. 12th 1912, Albert Andrews, born
1836, died Aug. 8th 1907, Harry Andrews, died March 18th
1870, Harvey P. Andrews, born 1870, died May 11th 1867.
Jeremiah Andrews, born 1790 and died Oct. 9th 1856 is
buried in the Tomlinson Run Church of Christ Cemetery
in Hookstown, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, this appears
to actually be a United Presbyterian Cemetery. Jeremiah
shares his headstone with his wife Catherine Nieswinger
and is buried near his brother Matthew and sister
Elizabeth, wife of Nathan Scott. Also found here are the
graves of Catherine Andrews, born 1795 and died Nov 16
1874, John Andrews, born 1817 and died Aug 21, 1871,
Mary Andrews, died May 22, 1879 Rhonda Carlisle
Andrews, daughter of John Carlisle of Washington
County, first wife of Jeremiah Andrews is buried in Flats
Cemetery, New Manchester, Hancock County, West
Virginia.
The American Story, by Ruth Wood Gavian and William
A. Hamm, printed by Heath, in 1954, is a senior high
school history text that was used in the schools when I
was in High School. Page 7 has a black and white map of
where various groups of settlers located. 1.5 million
English filled in the tidewater areas and most of New
England. 370 thousand Scotch- Irish and Irish filled in the
upland areas of Pennsylvania, New York, Virginia and the
Carolinas that no one else wanted because they were still
wild, hard to get to, mountains, inhabited by Native
Americans. 200 thousand Germans filled in the areas
between the Scot and Irish and the English, particularly in
Maryland and Western Pennsylvania and Northwestern
Virginia. Jeremiah Andrews appears to have settled in
the western portion of the Scot and Irish area of
Pennsylvania. His descendants appear to have married
into German families from Pennsylvania and Maryland
moving west, including English, excluded from Quaker
communities for marrying out of the faith.
Another factor is the changing nature of transportation.
At first people were moving on the canals and roadways
that were being built, but soon the steamboats began to
carry lots of freight and the center of western movement
began to change to places like St Louis, Louisville,
Pittsburg, New Orleans, etc. It seems to be early roads
and trails that brought the Andrews and Thornburgs and
Carlisles west. But the movement of traffic up the Ohio
River was feeding the growth of towns like Steubenville,
Ohio. The growth of the railroads and steel mills would
entice many of the Andrews men into work on railroads
and in steel. The growth of urban railroads would attract
the father of Alice Smith to Columbus, Ohio, where he
worked as an engineer on the urban railroad (electric
trolley line). This from a personal communication from
my grandmother Alice Smith Andrews.
If Allen Thornburg really did move to New York City, he
was only following a pattern of the time in which farmers
would be attracted to small cities and trades and then
they, or their children, would move on to bigger cities.
We find Allen’s father John S., working first as a
shoemaker in a small town in Pennsylvania, then
operating a hotel in a larger city, Steubenville, Ohio.
Jeremiah Andrews was living in a very rural area. William
D. Andrews, his great grandson, was living in a small city,
Dennison, Ohio. I am his great grandson and I was born
in a larger city, Long Beach, California. I married a wife,
Linda Ann West Andrews (we are now divorced), who
grew up in Manhattan, New York, New York.
My New York City wife introduced me to mystery story
literature. One of my favorite characters in Nero Wolfe,
a fictional New York City detective invented by Rex Stout.
Nero Wolfe’s office is run by Archie Goodwin, a fictional
good looking ladies man from Ohio. In the 1930s to
1950s, when these novels were popular, New York City
was the new Rome, the new center of the civilized world,
and the tension between this center of narcissism and
the more avoidant and dependent, even schizoid,
remainder of the country was the source of much
entertainment. Now the narcissism center has shifted
toward my homeland, Hollywood, and Los Angeles. Soon
it may shift again, in the direction of China. So if Allen
Thornburg really did move to Brooklyn and his son to
Manhattan, and he is the one I was named after, it really
was a symbolic happening.
Another symbolic happening is the difficulty of tracing
ancestors in a changing fast moving world. The situation
with locating my father’s maternal ancestry is illustrative
and it is not an easy task. My father’s father died in 1910
and the family relocated to Long Beach, California. My
father, Ralph Bernallio Andrews, was born 28 July 1907 in
Pueblo, Colorado and died, 14 Feb 1997, in Los Angeles,
California. The 1910 census shows him with his father
Allen S Andrews, and mother Alice M Andrews, in Grand
Junction, Ward 4, Mesa County, Colorado. Allen’s age is
given as 29 and Alice is 28. Ralph B. is 2 years old. The
parents of Alice are both listed as born in Pennsylvania.
Allen’s birth year is given as 1881 and his birth place is
Ohio. Alice M. Andrews died Aug 1975 in Redlands, San
Bernardino County, California. She was born 5 May
1881. In the 1930 census, she was living in Long Beach,
California. Her marital status is given as widowed. Her
birthplace is given as Ohio, and also her father and
mother’s birthplace is given as Ohio. Her age is given as
48. Ralph Andrews is living with her and is 22, and Nellie
May Andrews is 19.
Some information that might help this search is sitting
around somewhere in this new overly large (at least for
me) five bedroom house and an overly full two car
garage. Somewhere I have notes that I took when
interviewing my grandmother Alice M. (Smith) Andrews
(in 1958, at the age of 18, when I was Chairman of the
Executive Board of the Augustan Genealogical Society, in
Torrance, California, I and my best friend Rodney
Hartwell of Torrance California organized the Society,
originally as a college prank, but more about that later).
Rev. Dr. Allan Ralph Andrews, DD, PhD, CPA, CCHT, etc.,
and etc., Bakersfield, California, June 27, 2012, formerly
teaching fellow in history, University of Houston,
teaching fellow in botany, University of California, Los
Angeles, teaching fellow in philosophy, State University
of New York, Albany, teaching fellow in biology,
California State University, Los Angeles, Lecturer in
Ornamental Horticulture, California State Polytechnic
University, Pomona, Curator of the Herbarium of
Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacology, School
of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Senior
Auditor and Supervisory Auditory, Department of
Defense and NASA, Johnson Space Center, President of
the Faculty and Assistant Professor of Biology,
Rappahannock Community College South Campus,
School Psychologist and Director of Special Education,
McFarland Unified School District, McFarland, California,
currently graduate student in Interdisciplinary studies
Departments of Art, Drama, and English, California State
University, Bakersfield, California. Please excuse the long
list of titles, I have actually left a lot out. The purpose of
accumulating all of this, at least in this note, is to remind
any ghosts of my ancestors, that might be about, that
they do not need to haunt this world because of lack of
academic achievements, at least one of their great great
great grandchildren has obviously collected more than he
needs, in their name, if they wish me to, I am an Andrews
after all, possibly a few too many titles (I should point out
that these titles represent more quantity than quality,
some of them are legitimate quality degrees, others, like
so many titles, are more questionable to say the least).
Did I leave out the certificate in automechanics or the
credential in agriculture? They are welcome to revel in
the fact that all their attempts to gain a foothold on this
continent were not in vain. One Andrews, at least,
(actually a lot more than one at this point) has made it all
the way to the Western Ocean. Actually, there is a bit of
a back flow from the ocean, as some of the more
expensive land along the ocean is filled up. This process
sees Alice Andrews move from Long Beach to Redlands,
further inland, where she dies near her daughter Nellie.
It has Allan Ralph, son of Ralph moving to Bakersfield and
McFarland and it has Ralph’s second son moving, first to
San Francisco, and then to less expensive areas to the
north, where his son, Stephen Roy Andrews lives today.
But, my mother and father, Ralph Andrews, Jean
(Thompson Andrews) Colaluca, both move back to the
coastal area. Ralph Andrews dies in the Gardena area of
Los Angeles and Jean, his ex-wife, my mother,
grandmother of Stephen Roy Andrews of Monte Rio,
California, residing, at 95, in Torrance, within a few miles
of the ocean.
We have mentioned “All Our Yesterdays,” by James
Oliver Robertson and Janet C. Robertson, Harper-Collins,
1993, which relates the story of a house built in the
1790s in Hampton, Connecticut occupied, first by two
young couples, Roger and Solomon Taintor and their
wives, sisters Abigail and Judith Bulkeley.
This is a story that interests me because my former wife,
Linda Ann (West) Andrews, and I possessed a house in
Schenectady, New York, which also was suppose to date
from the 1790s, the house in front from 1740, and next
to it a house from around 1685. We moved into this
house shortly after my marriage to Linda in 1969, at the
age of 29, when I was Assistant Professor of Biology, and
she was Instructor in Chemistry, at the FultonMontgomery campus of the State University of New
York.
I open the Robertson book randomly to page 231 and I
discover a daguerreotype from the 1840s of Henry C.
Taintor. On page 243, it mentions that there were seven
shoemakers in Hampton, Connecticut, the same
occupation we find John S. Thornburg undertaking in
Mount Pleasant Pennsylvania, according to the 1850
census, when Peter Allen, discussed above was 4. Henry
E. Taintor joins the Union Army in 1863, just as John S.
Thornburgh will serve the Union Cavalry of Ohio. There
are deaths in the Taintor family while Henry is away,
John S. will loose his wife Eliza Jane Summerwell
Thornburg, and marry his wife’s half sister Mary S.
Summerwell, when he returns from the war. After the
war, the Taintors begin to invest in the railroads. In 1863,
George Taintor, at 17, finds a position as a clerk in a store
in Hartford, Connecticut. In 1870, a Taintor daughter had
married and moved to Boston and then to New York City.
Here we see the pattern, note above, as Americans move
from the farm to the town to the small city to the larger
city to the great city: New York, Washington, D. C.,
Chicago, Los Angeles. In the 1880 period, New York City
was the place to go. It appears to have drawn Allen
Peter. Agnes, his sister will marry William D. Andrews, a
railway conductor, and move to Dennison, Ohio. Their
eldest son, Allen Shipley Andrews, named after Allen
Peter Thornburg, will become a railway engineer and be
drawn to his death in Green River Utah in 1910. His
widow and his two year old son Ralph will be drawn to
Long Beach, California, where I, Allan Ralph Andrews, will
be born in 1939. In 1943, my father and mother will
move to Los Angeles, itself, actually the West Los Angeles
area, while my mother worked in the war industry. It is a
long road from Burgettstown, Pennsylvania, where
Jeremiah Andrews, my great grandfather’s great
grandfather, put up a rude cabin before 1800.
There was a reason for avoiding cities in the time of
Jeremiah Andrews and his son Jeremiah Jr. In “Initimate
Enemmies,” Christina Vella has described the world of
the Baroness de Pontalba (Louisiana State University
Press, 1997). The Baroness was born into wealth in New
Orleans in 1795. Vella, a historian at Tulane University in
New Orleans, gives a description of city life in the United
States in 1850. She notes, on p. 255, that New Orleans
was one of the five most populous cities in the US, with a
population over 100,000. The city streets were fouled
with waste and dogs roamed in wild packs. The city
found a solution in killing the dogs with poison, but they
failed to remove the rotting remains of the poisoned
dogs. In 1850, people were dying in New Orleans from
childbirth, diarrhea, but most of all from cholera, a
disease caused by bacteria, largely spread through
contaminated water. But, that was not discovered for a
few years yet, and the discovery was first made in
London, England, not in the United States. Yet, a number
of people, who survived childhood diseases, were living
into their seventies and eighties. Still, the
advertisements for odd and strange medicines and cures
were found everywhere at this time. But it was the
advance of transportation, as well as sanitation that
changed all of this. The change was so great and
happened so irreversibly that it is hard to focus on just
what was going on at any point.
In Los Angeles, in 1869, water mains were being laid and
Harris Newmark saw a demonstration of the velocipede
(first bicycle). By May 14th, there was a velocipede
school. The Cerro Gordo lead mines in the Owen River
Valley was the source of ore filled wagons pulled by
thirty two teams of mules. Borax was discovered in the
mountains of Nevada, and it was hauled by mule teams
to Los Angeles. On the 10th May, the last spike was
driven in the transcontinental railroad. Land was set
aside for silk production, but when that failed, was
devoted to citrus production and other forms of
agriculture, becoming the beginning of Riverside,
California. In August, the stage to Gilroy was robbed.
Among other things added to the city in 1869, was the
railway terminal for the line to San Pedro and the French
Hospital established by the French Benevolent Society.
On October 26th, the railway line to San Pedro was
opened to the public. It this point it was connected to no
other track and could only carry goods between San
Pedro and Los Angeles, both, within the limits of the
current city.
Jacob Andrews was born in September 6, 1828, in
Hancock County, West Virginia, as discussed above. He
farmed in Columbiana County, Ohio and married Hannah
Carlile, of Columbiana County, May 3rd 1857. Her father
had come to Columbiana County with his parents.
Hannah’s mother was Margaret Hephener, as discussed
above. She married John Carlile on 21 December 1820 in
Center Township, Columbiana, Ohio. In 1850, when
Hannah Carlile was 12, her parents had a 1000 acre from
in Colubiana County. Hannah’s father (my great great
grandfather John Carlile) had been born in 1796 in
Springfield, Essex, New Jersey. Her mother (my great
great grandmother Margaret Hephner) had been born
1800 in Pennsylvania. Margaret died November 23rd
1882, in East Palestine, Columbiana, Ohio. John died
January 1867 in Columbiana, Ohio. Maragret Hephner
shows up in the 1880 census in Madison, Columbiana,
Ohio, and John in the 1860 census in Center, Columbiana,
Ohio. All of this information posted on ancestry from
Lyndon Hephner.
Hannah’s grandparents (my great great great
grandparents, Allan son of Ralph son of Allen son of
Hannah son of John son of Daniel and Sarah) were Daniel
Carlile and Sarah Hunt. Sarah Hunt was born 5 Sept 1776
in Redington Township, New Jersey and died 16 Feb.
1847 in Columbiana, Ohio. She married Daniel 31 Dec
1795 in Sussex, New Jersey. Sarah Hunt’s mother was
Ann or Nancy Davis, per information in the pension file of
Jacob Hunt. Her grandparents were John Davis and
Catherine Davis of Reading, Hunterdon, New Jersey.
Margaret Hephner was the child of Johann Hopffner and
Maria Shoemaker. Johann Jabob Hopffner was born
August 6th 1755 in Eschwege, Hessen Kassel, Germany,
and died Feburary 7, 1831 in Lisbon, Collumbiana, Ohio.
Johann was the son of Marcus Henrich Hopfner and Anna
Maria Sybille Lenning. He married Maria Dorthea
Shoemaker in Fredrick County Maryland. Maria Dorthea
Shoemaker was born 1758 in Frederick County,
Maryland. She died February 7, 1831. Their children
include Jacob Hephner, Jr., born January 10, 1790 in
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and died 1849 in
Columbiana County, Ohio and Henry Hephner, born May
24th 1784 in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and died
1865 in Center Township, Columbiana, Ohio. There is
interesting information about Elizabeth Hephner, as
sister of Maragret and aunt of Hannah, this again from
the posting by Lyndon Hephner. Elizabeth Hephner was
born April 8th 1786 in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
and died July 10th 1864 in Georgetown, Beaver County,
Pennsylvania. She married Thomas Washington Poe,
February 22, 1807 in Columbinana, Ohio. Thomas
Washington Poe was born March 8th 1783 in Washington
County, Pennsylvania and died March 13th, 1859 in
Georgetown, Beaver County, Pennsylvania.
Apparently Thomas Poe worked as a pack horse boy for
John Beaver and Joseph Larwill when the eastern portion
of Ohio was being explored. He was a skilled woodsman
and worked the Ohio River keelboats. He would raft logs
down to Steubenville for use in building steamboats.
Apparently, his sons worked with him on the river.
Voices on the River, by Walter Havighurst, Macmillan
Company, 1964, discusses the development of the
Mississippi River navigation system. Flatboats sailed
down stream on the Ohio and Mississippi around 1810.
They would walk back to Ohio on trails like the Natchez
Trace (Old Chicksaw Trail). Keelboats had a rounded
bottom and kept close to shore. They had often had sails
to help the men pooling their way upstream. With the
keelboat it was possible to return back up the river. In
1818, shallow draft steamboat demonstrated their ability
to steam up the rivers. The great era of steamboat
transportation had begun. Keelboats were still used for
the minor rivers and flatboats were still used in large
numbers to get produce downstream. The boats were
usually broken up at their destination. In 1870 the
expansion of the railroads ended the flat boat trade. Till
the railroads took the place of the rivers and the
steamboats, towns on the Ohio and the Mississippi were
important centers of American commerce. It is not
surprising that soon after the passing of this era, the
Andrews, Carliles, Thornburgs, Hephners, etc, began to
drift away to other places, Indiana, Wisconsin, eventually
cities like Cleveland, Columbus, Pittsburgh, New York.
The Beers reference on Jacob Andrews, as discussed
above, puts all of this in sequence, as discussed above.
Jeremiah Andrews comes over from Ireland and throws
up a rude cabin in Smith Township, Washington County,
near the current city of Burgettstown, Pennsylvania,
sometime before 1800. His son, Jeremiah, Jr., marries a
Carlisle, who dies, and he marries again to Catherine
Neiswonger of Hancock County, West Virginia. Jeremiah
moves to a farm near Fairview, in Hancock County, and
apparently, he is quite successful there, in business and
agriculture, becoming one of the wealthiest farmers in
the area. This would fit with the profile of the Carliles,
who were apparently successful farmers in Columbiana,
Ohio in this same period. His son Jacob is born in 1828,
apparently on this Hancock County farm. He marries
Hannah Carlile, a daughter of John Carlile and Margaret
Hephner Carlile, prominent Columbiana County farmers.
Margaret’s mother was Dorothea Shoemaker, 1758 –
1831, and she was a daughter of Bartholomew
Shoemaker, 1738 – 1793, a veteran of the Revolutionary
War, Seventh Maryland, regiment. Bartholomew was the
son of Rudolph Shoemaker, born in 1693 in Cleebourg,
Alsace, France, and arrived in Virginia, in 1752. Rudolph
was the son of Georg Schmacher, 1671 – 1733. He was
the son of Peter Schumacher, 1639 – 1713. He was the
son of Anges Niegen Roesen, 1615 – 1655. She was the
daughter of Kunigunda Muller, born 1577 in Lorrach,
Baden, Germany. She was the daughter of Sebastian
Muller 1550 – 1591. He was the son of Caspar Muller,
1535 – 1585. He was the son of Euphrosina Kraffter
(Crawford) and Lucus Muller. Euphrosina Kraffter
(Crawford) was the daughter of Lorenz Kraffter
(Crawford). Lorenz Kraffter (Crawford) was the son of
James Lindsay, 1431 – 1475, son of the Third Earl of
Crawford and Magdalena Von Esch of Augsburg. His
father, Sir David Lindsay, Third Earl of Crawford, was the
son of Sir Alexander Lindsay, son of Elizabeth Katherine
Steward, Princess of Scotland. She was the daughter of
Sir Robert the Steward II, Steward and 35th King of
Scotland. From here the line traces back through the
Kings and Princes of Scotland and England to Kenneth I,
mac Alpin, 843 – 858, first King of Scotland.
The pattern above is a common one. A family settles in
an area and gains status and wealth and stays in that
area. But, a younger son, with no land or title, may
establish himself someplace else. Thus, the Lindsay
family leaves a younger branch in Augsburg. One of its
lesser branches finds itself in France and leaves for
Virginia. A daughter ends up in Ohio. The family stays in
that area till a grandson, Allen S. Andrews, decides to
operate a steam train in Utah, where he dies in 1910,
leaving children that move to Long Beach, California. The
place where I was born, where my parents graduated
from High School and Community College, and where I
went to State College (Long Beach State College, now Cal
State U, Long Beach).
There is a lot of information on the Shoemaker line on
the web. It uses material from Genealogy of Three
Loudon County Shoemaker Lines, by Lillian Lankerd, and
Shoemaker Pioneers by Benjamin Shoemaker III and
material compiled by Richard Schumacher. Peter
Schumacher, father of Georg Schumacher, see above,
was born in 1638 in Cleebourg, Alsace, France. He died
after Dec. 4th 1717 in Cleebourg. He married Anna
Barbara Hech. She was born in 1646, also in Cleebourg.
Peter and Ann were parents of Georg, Diebold, Elizabeth,
Peter, Maria, and Rudolph.
Georg Schumacher was also born in Cleeburg (Cleebourg)
in the Alsace area of France. He married Maria Barbara
and they had three sons, Nicholas, Joseph, and Jacob.
But, at this point the relationships become muddy. In
1749, Jacob, Daniel, Barthel (Bartholomew) Shoemaker,
Anna Barbara Shoemaker, Michael Rummel, and John
Jacob Rummel and Hofner Bannes left Cleeburg to come
to America. The Ship Christian appears to have arrived in
Philadelphia, September 13th 1749 with Jacob, George,
Michael Shoemaker. Rudolf Shoemaker appears to have
arrived in 1752. At least seven brothers and cousins
from the Cleeburg area of the German Palatinate, now
part of France settled in Loudon County, Virginia. Six had
adjoining property, Peter, Bartholomew, Jacob, George,
Daniel, and Simon.
Rudolph Schumacker was born 1693 in Cleeburg. He
died aroung 1767 in Frederick, Maryland. In 1754, he
was excused from paying taxes in Frederick County
because of infirmities due to age. Bartholomew (Barthel)
Shoemaker (Schumacher) was born 1729, in Cleebourg
(Cleeburg). He died Septermber 2nd 1793 in Washington
County, Pennsylvania. He married Anna Barbara Bassel,
who was born September 29, 1727 in Klingen, Germany.
Rudolph Schumacher was given as his father on a list of
pupils of a school. He purchased 125 acres in New
Germania, Fredrick County, Maryland in 1765. He served
in the Seventh Maryland Regiment in the American
Revolution. The children of Anna and Bartholomew
include Michael, born 1756 in Frederick County,
Maryland; Elias, born in1757; John Peter, born June 22,
1760 in Frederick County, Maryland, died August 16,
1780. He served in the revolution, enlisting May 8th
1778. Anna Maria Barbara Shoemaker was born
February 5, 1764 in Middletown, Frederick County,
Maryland. She died January 5, 1828 in Center Township,
Columbiana, Ohio. She married William Lee, an
immigrant from England. Dorothea Shoemaker, my
ancestor, was a sister of Anna Maria. Dorothea was born
in 1758 in Fredrick County, Maryland. She died February
7th 1831 in Center Township, Columbiana, Ohio. She
married Jacob Hephner in Frederick County, Maryland.
He appears to have been a Hessian soldier, born August
6th 1755 in Eschwege, Hessen, Kassel, Germany. He died
February 7, 1831 in Lisbon, Columbiana County, Ohio.
Their children were Henry, Maria Barbara, Elizabeth,
Dorothy, Johann Jacob, Ana Catherine, Jacob, John C.,
Sarah, Margaret (my ancestor), Samuel, and Peter.
Because of the Beers article written on Jacob Andrews, it
is very easy to link the genealogy of my great grandfather
to Jacob Andrews and that genealogy to the genealogy of
his wife and the data given above. Since the Shoemakers
were a literate family, the Reformed Church to which
they belonged placed great emphasis on middle class
Calvinistic virtues, members of a Calvinistic congregation
were supposed to represent God’s Chosen, they tended
to keep better records than most families, and the
connections with the Crawford’s of Scotland appear
valid. The Kings of Scotland had to keep good
genealogical records because of the wars for succession
that involved, at least in part, who was the son of who.
Hence, there is a fairly good chance that I really am
related to Robert the Bruce the way it is shown above.
This genealogy ultimately links to the whole line of Scot
Kings, my ancestor, Robert II, Steward, is the 35th King of
Scotland. This line, in turn links to all the Kings of
England before the Conquest, through the line of Saint
Margaret of Wessex, and to all the High Kings of Ireland
back to 600 B.C., and through the Irish to all the Kings of
the Jews and the Egyptians, including the builders of the
Great Pyramids.
Now before you say that this is absurd and highly
improbable, remember that natural selection arises out
of an infinite flux of nature that makes the improbable
probable and that sexuality is an invention of that
improbability drive that scans for opportunity, using that
dance of improbability. So at the point I link to the Kings
of Scotland, I should have a million ancestors, probably
more than the population of Scotland at that time,
making it probable that everyone was a descendent of
the High Kings, but only the upper and middle classes
could prove it. So all we are saying is that I come from a
family that rises to the middle class where ever it find the
opportunity. And that seems indeed to be true.
At the point this crazy lineage links to the Emperors of
Rome, the improbability drive force has reached 2000
thousand trillion ancestors. This means a whole lot of
sexual energy, a whole lot of inbreeding, a whole lot of
genetic and selective pressure against this inbreeding,
sending potential out breeding relatives everywhere in
search of new gene pools. This appears to be exactly
what happened with our ancestors, some adventurous
great grandparents actually mating with Neanderthals.
We can see this pattern again and again in the family
tree. Family members establishing themselves,
developing status and ties with the local community, and
then when trouble times come, like discovering yourself
Protestant and absorbed by Catholic France as it gains
the Alsace region, you take off and establish yourself
somewhere new, just like Jeremiah Andrews and Jacob
Andrews in the article by Beers.
I come from one of these more exploratory, adventurous
lines, my grandfather Allen S. dying in a train accident in
1910 in Green River, Utah, and his children ending up in
Long Beach, California, rather than back to Ohio. You
have to accept who and what you are and your place in
the process. It is silly to try to fight a billion years of
evolution, which reflects, as much as anything will, the
hand of Nature’s God. This is something the Calvinist
part of this lineage had learned from Calvin, and it gave
them the strength to go into the wilderness just as they
did.
It is interesting that these patterns have been revealed
by middle class science. Carlton J. H. Haves, author of “A
Political and Social History of Modern Europe”, Volume II,
(Macmillan, 1924) discusses the writings of Herbert
Spencer in response to Darwinism and the writings of
Thomas Huxley and his “scientific Calvinism” (op. cit., pp.
238 -239). He discusses how those who rejected
traditional belief tended to be middle class (op. cit., pp.
240 -241). But, this middle class world, described by
middle class science, is the realm of left cerebral
hemisphere fact, the realm of settled things that can be
measured and known and talked about.
There is a matching world of right hemisphere myth and
implication, the realm of the Dreamtime, known to the
seers and myth makers of old. They knew that the
natural realm that they lived in belonged to the
improbable, because their lives were the handiwork of
that improbable, and that in the realm of this infinite
game, as James P. Carse explains in “Infinite and Finite
Games,” all mythology is true, all possibilities happen
somewhere, sometime, somehow, in a universe of
universes generated by the improbability drive that is our
Maker and our Providence, by whatever names you
choose to call it. Who would expect the strange story of
these settlers on a new continent that created an
economic and political engine soon to conquer the
known world and walk upon the Moon.
So who is hired to work with the Professor of the
University of Houston that is doing the history of the
Apollo Program, and is later hired as an auditor to
investigate the Johnson Space Center, to do a check on
the astronauts themselves, but Allan Andrews, this
writer, great great grandson of Hannah Carlile, daughter
of Margaret grand daughter, through a bunch of German
Calvinists, of the ancient High Kings.
It is this tension between the stay at home high status
upper caste, and the wandering flesh pot tasting Prodigal
sons of the lower castes, that generates the middle
classes and their drive to know and change the world.
They want to fix the world so that their children do not
fall into the jaws of poverty and slavery, industrial, social,
etc. But, to do this they must people please the upper
classes enough to tease out as much wealth and power
as the upper classes are willing to share, which is often
very little, read an English Novel. Thus, the disease of the
upper and lower classes is alcohol and sex addiction, with
more emphasis on drugs and sex in the case of the lower
classes. But, the disease of the middle classes is
codependence, forever trying to please their betters and
save their lower companions.
Only the middle classes are sober enough to do science
and hungry enough to be as compulsive about it as good
science requires. It is from this middle class hunger and
desperation that our modern technological and scientific
world has emerged. Its future appears to depend upon
this class. The upper class is too drunk on its wealth and
power to care and the lower classes on the crumbs the
upper classes chose to throw them, in hopes their nasty
fate will scare the middle classes to work even harder to
supply the upper classes with the luxuries they require.
Try to find the weakness in what I have written above, I
dare you. I fear it is all too true. Our history, literature,
and sociology, our political science, gives abundant
testimony to what I have said above.
Not that I agree with Marx. He like, Stalin and his gang,
were children of the middle class that tried to invent a
particularly nasty kind of codependent treatment for the
power addictions of the upper classes. This treatment
has generally proven to provide a cure that is far worse
than the disease it promises to help.
On the other hand, capitalism seems to error in the other
direction, even though it tends to give the middle classes
lots of things to do, it tends to offer the upper classes far
too much of the wealth and power they seek and to
induce unwary members of the middle classes to join in
the Greed and Pride addictions that are characteristic of
the upper caste type. We are stuck, thus, trying to find
some kind of happy medium between these parts that
will not excessively tip the balance of things toward the
lust and sloth and gluttony that characterize the lower
classes, the greed and pride and gluttony of the upper
classes, or the jealousy and passive aggressive anger of
the middle classes that drives their codependence on the
dysfunctions of all the above.
The middle classes are perennially jealous and angry
because of the lazy gluttony of the poor and the prideful
gluttony of the rich. Everyone is having a great time at
the expense of the hardworking, long suffering, middle
classes. Liberal politicians exploit the middle class anger
against the upper classes. Conservative politicians focus
this anger on the lower classes. No one is happy, except
the party going addicts, both rich and poor, that manage
to escape with their goodies through the many cracks in
the all too dysfunctional system described all too well
above.
The ancient Indo-European tribes associated the upper
classes with white, they did not have to labor in the sun.
The lower classes were green or blue or brown, with the
water and earth they worked in. The middle classes
were red with the blood of anger, (the youngest sons
that were left out of the inheritance) they were the
warrior classes when societies depended upon war. The
genius of Calvinism and Quakerism has been to turn
them non-violent and put them to work creating wealth
rather than destroying and plundering it.
Nationalism is a great invention that turns the anger and
jealousy of the middle classes toward neighboring
countries and encourages a competition for military
power and economic wealth. The problem arises when
this competition breaks out in actual war and endangers
the lives of the lower and upper classes that have been
goading the middle classes in pursuit of this empty prize
of economic and military dominance. An alternative is
some kind of universal church, dominated by the upper
classes, that distributes the wealth to the lower classes
that the middle classes have earned in the attempt to
become upper class. This assures the balance by
preventing too many middle classes from becoming
upper class and too many lower class members dying
from starvation.
The success of Islam in this effort has encouraged the
Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant branches of
Christianity to develop their own unique institutions in
imitation of Islam. The conquest of Spain in Mexico and
Peru demonstrates the effectiveness of some of these
Christian techniques, involving conquest of the body by
the sword and of the mind by conversion, at the threat of
the sword. In the last two centuries, violence against
middle class Christian missionaries has been used to
induce middle class anger, in support of war against
offending foreign powers.
One trick is to send middle class types out as missionaries
to gain converts to the church. Islam has managed to
develop a system that combines both the martial and
missionary tendencies in a single unified whole.
Further problems arise because the scientific
establishment more and more depends upon a military
industrial complex that is supported by the war like
rivalry between the powers. The educational
establishment that provides the trained personnel to
support this complex ends up depending upon the
system too. The lower classes support the military
because it is a major source of their self esteem and the
upper classes support the military because they can use
it to increase their status, their wealth, their power.
When the resulting conflict between the powers and the
run away economic and political rivalries involved,
endanger the health of the planet, there is little that the
middle class intelligentsia can do because they are slaves
of the system and the system only fools itself when it
pretends to be able to fix and control the resulting
disaster. World War I and World War II, the Cold War,
Global Warming, the proliferation of nuclear weapons,
The Great Depression, The Great Recession, the pollution
of the oceans, the melting of Arctic ice, the extinction of
species of animals and plants, the decline of the tropical
rainforests and ecosystems, these are but a few example
of the above.
Allan Ralph Andrews, Bakersfield, CA July 6th 2012