Student Notes for Unit 1 Matter
Matter What’s a matter?
What is Chemistry? - ______________________________________________________________.
What is Matter? - Anything that has mass and occupies space
material is any specific type of matter.
-Metal, plastic, leather, organic (made of carbon), soil, etc., are different materials.
Properties of Matter
Qualitative
Qualities (descriptions, observations) of matter
Color
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Quantitative
Quantities (measurements) of matter
Volume
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Example – A Picture
Qualitative
Blue/green color,
Gold frame
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Texture shows brush strokes of oil paint
Peaceful scene of the country
Quantitative
Picture is 10" by 14"
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Weighs 8.5 pounds
Surface area of painting is 140 square inches
$300
Extensive vs. Intensive Properties
Extensive
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- mass
-volume
Intensive
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- Hardness
- Density
- Melting point
-What is an Element?
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All hydrogen, all carbon, etc.
Can’t be broken down into a “simpler” element
What is an Atom?
The smallest particle of an element that has characteristics of that element
Building block of matter!
Pure Substances
Materials made of one element
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Ex: Copper is made of only copper atoms
Materials made of one compound
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Ex: Pure liquid water is made of only H2O compounds (two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom)
What is a molecule
a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take
part in a chemical reaction.
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Mixtures: Two types
A material composed of two or more materials which keep their own properties
Homogeneous mixtures
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Any sample taken from a mixture would be identical to every other sample.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
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A sample from one portion of a mixture would not be identical to a sample from another portion
Examples of Homogeneous Mixtures
Solutions
Kool-Aid compounds present throughout solution.
After it is made, you do not need to stir or shake Kool-Aid before drinking.
Two Parts to a Solution
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Solvent: What does the dissolving
Examples of Heterogeneous Mixtures
Suspensions
In pulpy lemonade, large particles will separate if left standing.
Even after it’s made, you still need to stir or shake lemonade before drinking.
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States of Matter
Solid
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Definite shape and volume
States of Matter
Liquid:
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Definite volume
Takes the shape of the container
States of Matter
Gas:
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Takes the shape and volume of container
Other States of Matter
Bose-Einstein Condensate:
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Other States of Matter
Plasma:
Matter at the very high temperatures and pressures
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Takes the shape/volume of container.
Responds to and generates electromagnetic forces
How Does Matter Change States?
Phase Change Diagram
Energy and Phase Changes
Energy is either absorbed or released during a phase change
Endothermic – __________________________________________________________________
Exothermic – __________________________________________________________________
Melting and Freezing
The arrangement of molecules in water becomes less orderly as water melts and more orderly as water freezes.
Melting – __________________________________
Freeze – Liquid to Solid (exothermic)
Vaporization
Vaporization ________________________________________________________________
Evaporation – process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the substance’s boiling
point.
Boiling point – the temperature when the vapor pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. (When some
molecules in liquid have enough energy to break away as a gas)
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Condensation
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Sublimation and Deposition
Sublimation – the phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid
first. (endothermic)
Deposition - The phase change when a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without fist changing to a liquid
(exothermic)
What is Heat?
Heat is energy transferred because of a temperature difference!
Is Energy Matter?
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Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy
Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical or physical reactions.
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