ITETHIC MIDTERM EXAMS 3T 2012-2013
1. A religion that is considered to have essentially a secular system of thought is:
a.
Hinduism.
b.
Confucianism.
c.
Buddhism.
d.
Taoism.
2. According to your text, over the history of humanity, religion has dominated the moral landscape so much that it has often thought
to:
a.
have obliterated religion.
b.
indicate the depth of a religion.
c.
be indistinguishable from religion.
d.
have been the basis of religion.
3. According to the Divine Command Theory, ethical principles are:
a.
revealed to selected individuals over the course of history.
b.
intrinsic to worshipping a God.
c.
interpreted only by ecclesiastical hierarchy.
d.
simply the commands of God.
4. The Divine Command Theory states that:
a.
only certain religions will be considered moral.
b.
without God, there would be no universally valid morality.
c.
only God can decide who is truly moral.
d.
that humans have no choice or freedom in their moral decisions.
5. Moral rightness, according to the Divine Command Theory, means:
a.
willed by God.
b.
reciprocated by God.
c.
allowed by God.
d.
accepted by God.
6. According to the Divine Command Theory, being against the will of God is equivalent to:
a.
unrighteous behavior.
b.
moral wrongness.
c.
avoiding just behavior.
d.
finding a sense of selfhood.
7. The opposing viewpoint that denies the theses of the Divine Command Theory is which of the following?
a.
Independence Thesis
b.
Humanism Thesis
c.
Rational Thesis
d.
Radical Thesis
8. According to the Independence Thesis, rightness and wrongness are:
a.
not based simply on God's will.
b.
arbitrary.
c.
just products of human desires.
d.
not decisions that humans can qualify.
9. According to your text, if God is not the source of morality in our lives, then:
a.
we could think that God is less sovereign or necessary to our lives.
b.
we do not have to fear reprisal or punishment.
c.
we might think that we are our own god.
d.
we have no reason to be moral or rational.
10. In Immanuel Kant's philosophy, "ought" implies which of the following?
a.
should
b.
will
c.
would
d.
can
11. The command to love God is for one to love him with:
a.
a distance, but with a rational mind.
b.
all of the faculties we humanly possess.
c.
discrimination.
d.
one's whole mind, heart and strength.
12. Theists argue that if there is a God, then:
a.
all of the injustice in the world will be reconciled.
b.
all we can do is try to do the best we can.
c.
good will win out over evil.
d.
we have the ability to apply our morals.
13. For a theist, one of the six ways morality may be enriched by religion is that cosmic justice reigns in the universe because:
a.
God created the universe to be just.
c.
God exists.
d.
b.
humans are able to communicate with God.
God would never leave humans to make decisions on their own.
14. Theism claims that God values all humans:
a.
depending upon their respect for God.
b.
with the exception of atheists.
c.
on levels according to their belief.
d.
equally.
c.
separation.
15. In the argument against religion, religious morality leads to group:
a.
intolerance.
b.
tolerance.
d.
connectedness.
16 – 25. TRUE OR FALSE?
16. The Divine Command Theory states that ethical principles are clearly the result of human intervention.
17. Moral wrongness means essentially being against the will of God according to the Divine Command Theory.
18. According to the Divine Command Theory, without God we have moral nihilism.
19. The independence thesis states that there are reasons for acting one way or another, which may be known independent of
God's will.
20. Kant's system of duty reflects that despite God's omnipotence, humans have a duty to perform their duties solely for other
humans.
21. According to your text, if we love God we might as well commit intellectual suicide.
22. Because there is a God, theists can argue that our battles against evil are never alone and that God is always there with us.
23. According to the theist view, the scales of justice are perfectly balanced so that everyone will eventually get what they deserve.
24. Theism claims that God values only those who value God.
25. Your text makes the claim that if theism is true, then God loves the world and that God's love makes the world go round.
26. The prejudicial view that interprets all of reality through the eyes of one's own cultural beliefs and values is known as which of
the following?
a.
ethnocentrism
b.
cultural relativism
c.
multi-culturalism
d.
culturalism
27. The view that there are universal moral principles, valid for all people in all places, is known as which of the following?
a.
moral relativism
b.
moral objectivism
c.
ethical relativism
d.
ethical objectivism
28. The view that holds that there are no universally valid moral principles, but rather all moral principles are valid relative to culture
and individual choice is which of the following?
a.
ethical relativism
b.
moral relativism
c.
ethical objectivism d.
moral objectivism
29. Which of the following theses asserts that individual acts are right or wrong depending on the nature of the society in which they
occur?
a.
The Subjective Thesis
b.
The Diversity Thesis
c.
The Dependency Thesis
d.
The Relativist Thesis
30. Which of the following views claims that there are NO objective moral principles, but that all valid moral principles are justified or
made true by virtue of their cultural acceptance which recognizes the social nature of morality?
a.
diverse ethical relativism
b.
dependent ethical relativism
c.
subjective ethical relativism
d.
conventional ethical relativism
31. On the basis of what form of ethical relativism could Ted Bundy and Adolph Hitler be considered as 'moral' as Gandhi?
a.
subjectivism
b.
objectivism
c.
pessimism
d.
conventionalism
32. The doctrine that states that no valid moral principles exist and that morality is completely fictitious is known as:
a.
ethical moralism.
b.
ethical relativism.
c.
ethical nihilism.
d.
ethical subjectivism.
33. The view that there are universal and objective moral principles, valid for all people and every social environment is known as:
a.
moral nihilism.
b.
moral objectivism. c.
moral absolutism.
d.
moral skepticism.
34. The anthropological theory that claims that moral rules differ from society to society and therefore no universal moral standards
exist amongst societies is known as which of the following?
a.
The Subjectivist Thesis
b.
The Dependency Thesis
c.
The Diversity Thesis
d.
The Relativist Thesis
35. Your author argues that the essential force of the validity of the chosen moral principle is dependent upon:
a.
your outlook.
b.
your choice.
c.
your upbringing.
d.
your future goals.
36. The argument that claims that languages are often so fundamentally different from each other that we cannot accurately
translate concepts from one language to another is termed which of the following?
a.
indeterminacy of translation
b.
transliteration
c.
translation unpredictability
d.
translation difficulty
37. Your author states that conventional ethical relativism does contain an interpersonal perspective, but fails to deal adequately
with the problem of the reformer and the whole enterprise of what?
a.
moral criticism
b.
moral diversity
c.
religion
d.
nonmoral beliefs
38. Your text states that there is a notorious problem in defining between which of the following terms exactly?
a.
politics and government
b.
morality and empathy
c.
culture and society
d.
family and relationships
39. Your text states that we may not be able to know with certainty that our moral beliefs are closer to truth than those of another
culture, but that we may be which of the following in regards to believing in our moral beliefs?
a.
uncritical
b.
rational
c.
dominate
d.
justified
40. Which of the following, according to the Dependency Thesis, must be seen within a social context that depends on the goals,
wants, beliefs, history and environment of society?
a.
religion
b.
justice
c.
politics
d.
morality
41 – 50. TRUE OR FALSE?
41. Ethical relativism as a doctrine states that there are universal moral standards that apply to all humans at all times.
42. The Dependency Thesis asserts that individual acts are right or wrong depending on the nature of the society in which they
occur.
43. Ethnocentrism allows tolerance for other cultural perspectives.
44. Ethical nihilism states that morality is a fiction and that there are no existing valid moral principles.
45. Cultural relativism by itself is able to establish the truth of ethical relativism.
46. The Diversity Thesis states that all moral principles derive their validity from cultural acceptance.
47. On the basis of subjectivism, Adolf Hitler and Ted Bundy could be considered moral because they lived by their own moral
standards.
48. An ethical relativist maintains that different cultural beliefs and different environmental factors add to the fundamental
disagreements among societies.
49. One of the consequences of ethical relativism is that reformers are always, from the standpoint of this viewpoint, morally wrong.
50. Conventionalism recognizes the social nature of morality and states that there are objective moral principles to which people
comply because those principles are culturally accepted.