HWA CHONG INSTITUTION (High School Section)
INTEGRATED HUMANITIES (HISTORY)
SECONDARY THREE
TOPIC : RISE AND FALL OF COMMUNISIM (RUSSIA)
NOTES
Name: _____________________( )/3___
Date : ___________
LORMS
 Please note that any point if you infer incorrectly, no mark will be
awarded.
Skill : Inference
Suggested Steps
State a valid inference ( Infer by reading between the lines)
Support with relevant evidence
Target Audience / Purpose
Things to note :
You may be required to give 2 valid inferences with 2 valid evidence respectively.
OR you may give 1 valid inference with 2 valid evidence. (This depends on the
source and question)
Suggested marking scheme for Inference question
L1 – Answers using the source but not detecting valid message(s) [1m]
L2 – Answers based on typicality. [2m]
L3 – Answers based on the message of the source, with evidence. [3-4m]
L4 – Answers which explain the purpose of the message of the source, using
source details. [4]
L5 – Answers which explain the purpose of the message of the source, using
source details and contextual knowledge.
Take Note :
1. You have to reach L4 before reaching L5, that is, you need to quote from
given source before you use contextual knowledge.
Skill : Comparison
Questions that will require BOTH similarities and differences :
How similar are Sources A and B in telling us about …?
How different are Sources A and B in telling us about …?
How far are Sources A and B similar to / different from each other?
In what ways are Sources A and B different to and similar to each other?
Questions that will require EITHER similarities or differences:
How are Sources A and B similar as evidence about…
How are Sources A and B different as evidence about…
In what ways are Sources A and B similar in telling us about…
In what ways are Sources A and B different in telling us about…
Take Note :
Suggested sentence structure :
Sources A and B are similar in (state the similarity). In Source A, it states that quote
the evidence (evidence MUST be followed by explanation). Same step for Source B.
Highest mark will be for the comparison for message/purpose/tone/ reliability etc.
Suggested marking scheme for comparison question
L1 – Similarity and difference based on provenance / source type / lifts from source.
[1-2m]
L2 – Similarity and difference based on source content, unsupported. [2m]
L3 – Similarities or differences based on source content, supported. [2-3m]
L4- Both aspects of L3 (4-5m)
L5 – As L4 + Comparison based on purpose [5-6m]
Skill : Reliability
Question Styles
Can you trust what this tells you about…
Do you believe
Is Source A a fair assessment of ….
How reliable is Source A as evidence of …
Does this source prove that …
Source A says this but Source B says the opposite. Does it mean that one of them is
wrong? EYA
Suggested Steps
State assertion (Yes I believe in what the source saying about…/ No I don’t believe
…)
State the inference / Give the evidence / Explain
Check reliability using other sources
Check reliability using contextual knowledge
Evaluate the source using provenance/ purpose / audience
Suggested marking scheme for reliability question Suggested marking scheme
for comparison question
L1- Provenance / lifts from source [1m]
L2- Uncritical acceptance of content [2-3m]
L3 – Unsupported assertions of bias [3m]
L4- Cross reference to other sources or specific contextual knowledge to confirm
AND / OR challenge what the source says [4-5m]
L5 – Evaluation of source content using provenance / purpose / audience [5-6m]
L6 – L4 and L5, that is, Cross reference to other sources or specific contextual
knowledge to confirm AND / OR challenge what the source
says + Evaluation of source content using provenance /
purpose / audience [6m]
Skill : Utility (Usefulness)
Suggested Steps
State assertion (Yes the source is useful in …)
State the inference / Give the evidence / Explain
Explain the limitations of the source
Check reliability using other sources or contextual knowledge or both.
Evaluate the source using provenance/ purpose / audience
Having checked the reliability of the source, discuss how it affects usefulness
Take note
A reliable source will tend to enhance the usefulness of the source.
An unreliable source may make the source less useful.
However, an unreliable source may throw light of some aspects of the period of time
for example, use of propaganda.
*** Do not construct sentence in this way – “The source is reliable…” because this
changes the focus of the question.
You should state in this way – “The source is useful because it is reliable…”
Suggested Steps
L1 – Useful / Not useful based on source type / provenance – general [1m]
L2 – Not useful based on source content, that is, what is missing in content [1-2m]
L3 – Useful based on source content, WITHOUT drawing conclusions [2m]
L4 – As L3 + a consideration of the reliability of the source based on provenance /
contextual knowledge [4-5m]
L5 – Both aspects of L4 [5-6m]
L6 – As L5 and reliability checked but still useful. [6-7m]