Chapter 18 Section 3 Ecology - Symbiosis
1.
Biosphere
Population
2.
Ecosystem
Community
Organism
Interactions of Populations with their Environment and
other Populations

4. Limiting Factors: Climate
Competition
Food Sources
Predators
5. Carrying Capacity: Carrying Capacity refers to how much life can live in
a given area.
When a population grows too large for its environment – limiting factors will cause
the population to die off or relocate to another area.
H2O , FOOD
8. Predator – one who eats its prey.
Prey – one who is being eaten.
9. Predators: To Survive Predators must have special skills or techniques.
Ex: Speed, Ambushing, Color Blending.
10. Camouflage: Walking Stick looks like a stick and will even sway to mimic a
stick in a breeze.
A grass hopper that mimics stones.
11. Warning Coloration: Many Animals display warning colors, which are Red,
Yellow, Orange, Black & White.
While this little Octopus is normally brownish in color and docile, they turn a
brilliant yellow when attacked, and their bodies become covered with fluorescent
blue spots. One bite is deadly for humans.
Chapter 18 Section 3 Ecology - Symbiosis
12. Warning Coloration: However, some colors can confuse you. Be sure to note
the differences in these two snakes.
13. Defensive Chemicals: Skunks – Spray Predators. The Poison Dart Frog secret
poison 400 times stronger than a King Cobra. (S. America)
14. Symbiotic Relationships: Symbiosis- two species living together in which
at least one benefits
 3 Types of symbiosis:
Types of symbiosis: 1. Commensalism 2. Parasitism 3. Mutualism
15. Reasons for Symbiosis
1. Food
2. Protection
3. Cleaning
4. Transportation 5. Combination of the above
16. Terms to Know:
A. Symbiosis is a close, long term relationship between two or more
species.
B. Mutualism – a symbiotic relationship in which both benefit.
C. Commensalism – a symbiotic relationship in which only one
benefits and the other is not affected.
D. Parasitism – a symbiotic relationship in which one organism
benefits and the other is harmed.
17. Mutualism:
clownfish feeds on small invertebrates that otherwise have potential to harm the
sea anemone and the clownfish is protected from predators by the anemone's
stinging cells.
18. Mutualism:
The Egyptian Plover receives food as it cleans the Alligator’s Teeth. Both
Benefit.
Hummingbirds pollinate plants as they drink the nectar. Both Benefit.
Chapter 18 Section 3 Ecology - Symbiosis
19. Commensalism:
Remora Suckerfish hitch a ride and eat the left over from the Sharks
kill. Sharks are not affected or benefit.
Horses graze and stir up insects for the birds. No Benefit for the Horses.
20. Commensalism:
 The bird is staking its prey and has transportation.
 No Benefit to the Elephant.
21. Parasitism:
 Wasp laid their eggs on the Tomato Worm.
 They are parasitic to the Worm.
22. Parasites:
 Bot Fly -- Found mainly in Latin & S. America
23. Coevolution:
 Bull-Horn Acacias and Ants. Ants bore into the tree and live there.
 They also protect the tree form predators. Both Coexist.

Coevolution – Pollinators”: -  Pollinators such as Bats, Bees, and Birds have evolved.
 Humming Birds – longer beaks.
 Bats – long, thin tongues and noses have changed.
 Longer beaks and bushy noses have become the pollinators of these
species.
25. summary
 Limiting Factors in the environment keep populations under control.
 Two of more individuals trying to use the same resources are in
Competition.
 Predators eat other organisms – the eaten organisms are Prey.
Chapter 18 Section 3 Ecology - Symbiosis
 Prey has created camouflage, chemical defenses and warning coloration to
protect itself.
 Long Term relationship are called Symbiosis.
 Long Term Relationships can result into coevolution.

Chapter 18 Section 3 Ecology - Symbiosis
1. Biosphere
Ecosystem
Population
____________________
Organism
Interactions of _________________ with their Environment
2.
and other Populations.
4. Limiting Factors:
Climate
_________ _____________
Predators
Competition
7. Carrying Capacity: Carrying _________________ refers to how much life
can live in a given area.
When a population grows too _____________ for its environment –
___________________ factors will cause the population to die off or
relocate to another area.
__________, FOOD
8. Predator – one who eats its___________.
Prey – one who is being eaten.
9. Predators: To Survive Predators must have special skills or
_____________________?
Ex: ______________, Ambushing, Color
Blending.
10. Camouflage: Walking Stick looks like a stick and will even sway to mimic
a stick in a ______________________.breeze.
Chapter 18 Section 3 Ecology - Symbiosis
A grass hopper that ______________ stones.
11. Warning Coloration: Many Animals display ___________________
colors, which are Red, Yellow, Orange, Black & White.
While this little Octopus is normally brownish in color and docile, they turn
a brilliant yellow when attacked, and their bodies become covered with
fluorescent blue spots.
One bite is deadly for humans.
12. Warning _____________________: However, some colors can confuse
you.
Be sure to note the differences in these two snakes.
13. Defensive Chemicals: Skunks – ____________ Predators.
The Poison Dart Frog secret poison 400 times stronger than a King Cobra.
(S. America)
14. Symbiotic Relationships: two species living together in which at least
________ __________________.
 3 Types of symbiosis:
Types of symbiosis: 1. Commensalism 2. __________________
3. Mutualism
Chapter 18 Section 3 Ecology - Symbiosis
15. Reasons for Symbiosis
1. ___________
2. Protection
3. Cleaning
4. Transportation 5. Combination of the above
16. Terms to Know:
a._____________________ is a close, long term relationship between two or
more species.
b. Mutualism – a symbiotic relationship in which _______ benefit.
c. Commensalism – a symbiotic relationship in which only one
benefits and the other is ________ _____________________.
d. Parasitism – a symbiotic relationship in which one organism
benefits and the other is ___________________.
17. Mutualism:
clownfish feeds on small invertebrates that otherwise have potential to harm the
sea anemone and the clownfish is ___________________ from predators by the
anemone's stinging cells.
Chapter 18 Section 3 Ecology - Symbiosis
18. Mutualism:
The Egyptian ______________ receives food as it cleans the Alligator’s Teeth.
Both Benefit.
Hummingbirds pollinate plants as they drink the nectar. _________ Benefit.
19. Commensalism:
Remora Suckerfish hitch a ride and eat the left over from the Sharks
kill. Sharks are ________
_________________ or benefit.
Horses graze and stir up insects for the birds.
______ Benefit for the Horses.
20. Commensalism:
 The bird is staking its prey and has transportation.
 No Benefit to the Elephant.
21. Parasitism:
 Wasp laid their eggs on the Tomato Worm.

 They are _______________ to the Worm.
28. Parasites:
 Bot Fly -- Found mainly in Latin & S. America
23. Coevolution:
Bull-Horn Acacias and Ants. Ants bore into the tree and live there.

Chapter 18 Section 3 Ecology - Symbiosis
 They also protect the tree form predators. Both Coexist.

24. Coevolution – Pollinators: - Pollinators such as ___________, Bees, and Birds have evolved.

 Humming Birds – longer beaks.

 Bats – long, thin tongues and noses have changed.

 Longer beaks and bushy noses have become the pollinators of these
species.
25.
Summary
 ____________________ Factors in the environment keep populations under
control.
 Two of more individuals trying to use the same resources are in
________________________.
 Predators eat other organisms – the eaten organisms are Prey.
 Prey has created _______________________, chemical defenses and
warning coloration to protect itself.
 Long Term relationships are called Symbiosis.
 Long Term Relationships can result into_________________________.
Chapter 18 Section 3 Ecology - Symbiosis

Chapter 18 Section 3 Ecology - Symbiosis