Name: Pd:
1. Define ecology in your own words:
2. ______________________ - all life depends on other living things and resources. For example, humans need plants to eat, which need insects to pollinate them, which need nectar for food, etc.
3. Fill in the table below with the levels of organization:
Collection of all organisms
(biotic) in a place together with the abiotic (physical) environment.

Name:
4. Matching – Is the resource abiotic or biotic?
A. Abiotic _____ Sunlight
B. Biotic _____ Water
_____ Trees
_____ Wind
Pd:
_____ Prey
5. What are the three steps of ecological methods?
6. Producers are also called _______________________. An example would be __________________.
They use ________________________ to convert light into energy and
_________________________ to convert chemicals into energy.
7. Heterotrophs are also called _______________ because they have to ___________________________ for energy.
Match the type of heterotroph to what it eats:
___________Herbivore A. Vulture and hyena
___________Carnivore
___________Omnivore
__________Detritivore
B. Giraffe
C. People
D. Bacteria and fungi
__________Decomposer E. Lion
8. Which is simpler, food chain or food web? Why?
9. Trophic levels show each step in a food chain. Write a trophic level with FOUR levels and label each one T1, T2, T3, and T4.

Name:
10. What do ecological pyramids show?
Pd:
11. The total amount (mass) of living tissue in a trophic level is the _______________________.
12. Tolerance – a species ability to survive and reproduce under a ____________________________________________________________________.
For a frog, optimal tolerance would be….
For a frog, the intolerance zone would be…
13. In your own words, define niche –
14. Physical resources are _____________ factors, which biological resources are ___________ factors.
What is a physical resource for a bear?
15. When does competition occur?
A biological resource?
16. What type of competition is beetle vs. beetle?
What type of competition is beetle vs. praying mantis?
17. What is the competitive exclusion principle? Can you give an example?

Name: Pd:
18. What two things are prey and plants affected by predators and herbivores?
19. _______________ ________________ - a single species that can dramatically change a community.
20. What type of symbiosis is humans providing shelter for bacteria, and the bacteria helping break down food? Why?
21. What type of symbiosis is a tapeworm that takes your nutrients, and a human loses that nutrients?
Why?
22. What type of symbiosis is barnacles that benefit from living on a whale, but the whale is unaffected?
Why?