The Woman Warrior
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The Woman Warrior Introduction: PowerPoint Go Along Notes The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts was written by _____________________________ in 1976. She was Born in Stockton, CA in1940 to ______________________ immigrant parents. She writes about the experiences of _______________________ living in the United States and their children, including ________________ experiences, and how _____________ and ___________ affect the lives of _____________________. Each chapter tells the story of a woman ____________________. Magical realism is a blend between ________________ and _____________________, making the book difficult to classify. This caused controversy over how to classify the novel. Some critics say it should be considered fiction because she includes __________-______________ which are a traditional form of exaggerated Chinese storytelling. Themes: Gender roles Silence and Voice Birth and death Culture Clash Fantasy vs. reality Tradition Family Sexuality (appearance & view of body) Seen vs. unseen Superstition Insanity Symbols: Ghosts The Warrior Talk-Story Names/Power of naming Songs/Chants Food Animals Colors (esp. red and gold) Dragons Birds Mountains Bound Feet Circles/roundness Beauty Paper Motifs: The Woman Warrior: Theme/Motif/Symbol Chart Instructions: Enter the word(s) from your word slip below. Use this chart to keep track of your motif or symbol throughout the novel. You will use this chart to write your paper. DO NOT LOSE this chart, or you will have to start over, since no one else has the same topic as you. I recommend keeping it inside of your book. Note: You are not required to fill all of the spaces. Enter your topic here: _____________________________________________________________ Quote or Summary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Meaning/Notes (how does it connect to themes? Page(s) Chapter Summary Outline Fiction = Chapter One: No Name Woman Chapter Two: White Tigers Chapter Three: Shaman Chapter Four: At the Western Palace Chapter Five: A Song for a Barbarian Reed Pipe Non-Fiction = The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston Reading Questions Packet Please return to room 29 if found. The Woman Warrior: “No Name Woman” 1. What unspoken story is revealed in this segment? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe in detail the behavior of the villagers. Explain the behavior according to the text. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Based on Chinese tradition were there any other alternatives for the aunt? Explain. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What was the role of women in Chinese society? Select specific instances from the text to support your statements. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What according to the speaker was the real punishment inflicted upon the aunt? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Why does this aunt haunt the speaker? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Woman Warrior: “White Tiger” 1. What would “talk story” be equivalent to in American tradition? Point out similarities and/or differences. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Relate the story of Fa Mu Lan. Place emphasis on the dream-like description of the setting. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What was the significance of the gourd? When was it used and why? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. When was the warrior’s level of tolerance for pain severely tested and why? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. How did the warrior meet her husband? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What was the outcome of the woman warrior? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Is there any American or English tale that comes to mind which parallels the woman warrior? Explain. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. How have childhood experiences affected the adult life of the speaker? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What has the speaker learned from fairy tales? Cite specific examples from the text. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Summarize the speaker’s view towards communism: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Woman Warrior: “Shaman” 1. Discuss the speaker’s mother’s life after her husband’s departure for America. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why doesn’t the mother talk more about the loss of the two children? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe her experiences in medical school: a. academic life b. dormitory life a.___________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ b.___________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Recount in detail the encounter with the ghost. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Upon graduation how was the mother received in the countryside? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Slavery? Were you surprised? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Discuss the circumstances surrounding the stoning of the crazy lady. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. How did the move to America affect the mother’s life? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Woman Warrior: “At the Western Palace” 1. Describe the setting and mood which characterized the scene prior to the arrival of Moon Orchid. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How were Moon Orchid and Brave Orchid similar and how were they different? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe the relationship between Moon Orchid and her nieces and nephews. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What particular scene shows the Americanization of Brave Orchid? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. How did Brave Orchid deal with the mental deterioration of her sister? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Woman Warrior: “Song For A Barbarian Reed Pipe” 1. Describe the speaker’s early school life. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How did the speaker’s mother react when the delivery boy arrived at the laundry? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What did you think about the entire taunting ordeal? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What affect do you think the “river pilot” great uncle had on the speaker? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Analyze the speaker’s relationship with her mother. Why had she come up with the list of things about herself that she wanted to share? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is the significance of the two talk stories at the end of the novel? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Glossary of Vocabulary for The Woman Warrior abacus a mathematical device used to solve addition and subtraction problems; invented in China in the twelfth century, the abacus is made up of beads strung on rods in units of ten. acrid foul-smelling. adamantine chin a strong-looking chin. agoraphobia a fear of open spaces or public places. almanac typically, an annual reference book used to predict the future; predictions are based on the positions and movements of the stars. the ancestral tablets lists on which ancestors' names are inscribed; in ancient China, and to a great extent still today, ancestor worship was universally practiced. Because the dead are believed to have the same needs as the living, the actions of the living affect the dead, and the dead continue to help the living. By tearing down the evil baron's ancestral tablets, Fa Mu Lan defames the evil baron's ancestors and, thus, the evil baron himself. anemia a deficiency of red blood cells, which contain hemoglobin, an oxygen-carrying pigment; because one symptom of anemia is paleness of tissue and the skin, Brave Orchid checks the color of the tissue under the female slave's eyelids. Animalcules microscopic organisms. antiseptic sterile; non-threatening; not enlivening. atavism characteristics that reappear over time; Kingston likens herself to her aunt, No Name Woman: Both women share "an atavism deeper than fear," an unnamable anxiety about relationships with men. atavistic the reappearance of some characteristic in a family bloodline that has not been evident for generations. bacteriology the study of bacteria. Bali an Indonesian island, approximately 1500 miles southeast of Vietnam, and directly east of Java; during the early-twentieth century, Chinese emigrants on Bali probably worked mainly for Dutchowned private plantations. bantams small, aggressive chickens. barbarian uncivilized and ignorant; the Chinese traditionally regarded all non-Han people as barbarians. baron socially and economically, the most important group of landowners — next to a country's ruler — during feudal times. basin here, a shallow bowl used to hold water. benevolent associations also known as tongs, protective associations that grew out of Chinese immigrants' need for protection against criminal members of their own society, as well as to secure social and economic rights for immigrants in the United States. Betty Grable (1916-73) An American actress and film star, she was the most popular pin-up girl of World War II; she costarred with Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire in The Gay Divorcee (1934) and later appeared in such films as The Pin-up Girl (1944) and Moon Over Miami (1941). Big Six meaning China. bilingual the ability to speak more than one language fluently. biplane an airplane with two sets of wings, one set over the engine and the other located on the tail; during World War I, and through the early 1930s, biplanes dominated both military and commercial aviation. birth in the pigsty Giving birth in a pigsty reflects the superstitious belief that if a mother gives birth in a house and is proud of her baby, evil or envious gods might take the child from its mother; frequently, newborn babies were called pigs to trick the gods into thinking that the babies were ugly or deformed and, therefore, not worth stealing. blunt-cut to cut hair to an even, sharply defined length around the entire head; the term "blunt-cut" implies a woman's de-feminizing her appearance. boas large snakes that coil around and suffocate their prey; or, long scarves made of soft material, such as feathers or fur, wrapped around the neck or slung over the shoulder. bob a short-clipped haircut. bonded as apprentices made to serve a specific length of time as a helper to an experienced craftsman; after learning trades through their apprenticeships, apprentices become master craftsmen themselves. brides' prices payments made to brides' families by grooms, as a gesture that brides will be treated well by their husbands. Brigitte Bardot (b. 1934) French actress who became an international sex symbol after starring in And God Created Women (1956), and who has worked tirelessly as an animal-rights activist. bunds here, low walls of dirt, used to enclose water in which rice is grown. burlap also known as hessian cloth, a resilient fabric used in making sacks. "the bus with the mark of the dog on it" a Greyhound bus. butcher's block a square or rectangular surface, usually made of wood, on which a butcher cuts meat. camphoraceous musty-smelling; camphor, used both to soothe muscles and to repel insects, is produced by the camphor tree, an evergreen tree native to eastern Asia. cannery a factory where food is canned. Canton known today as Guangzhou, the largest city in south China and the capital of Kwangtung Providence (Guangdong); it is one of China's main commercial centers. cardigan a sweater that opens down the front. cattails tall plants with flat leaves and elongated flowering spikes that grow best when rooted directly in water. cervixes necks, or other necklike structures. Chairman Mao Mao Zedong (1893-1976), founder of the Chinese Communist Party (1921), and the first chairman (1949-1959) of the People's Republic of China; even after his retirement as chairman, he retained control of the Chinese Communist Party, which in turn controlled the country. chamomile a perennial herb with either yellow or white flowers; when dried, it is used to make herbal tea. Changchow also known as Changzhou, a city in eastern China, west of Shanghai. Chen Luan-feng probably a reference to a mythological figure who cut off the leg of Lei Kung, the thunder god, also known as Lei Shen. Lei Kung, who punishes humans guilty of secret crimes, uses a drum and mallet to produce thunder and a chisel to punish wrongdoers. Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975) leader of the Kuomintang, which means "national people's party"; in 1949, after three years of civil war, Chiang and the Nationalists were driven from mainland China by the Communists and established the Republic of China — in contrast to the Communist People's Republic of China — on the island of Taiwan, formerly known as Formosa. chick mash highly nutritious food fed to baby chicks. Ch'in the Ch'in dynasty (221-206 B.C.), from which China gets its name. chrysanthemum also called mums; a popular garden plant that has large flower heads. Chung-li Ch'uan one of the Eight Sages who probably lived sometime between 206 B.C. and A.D. 220; he is usually depicted as a fat, bearded, wine-drinking hermit. commensal tradition a way of life in which one group of people gain something from another, unaffected group of people; Kingston condemns how Chinese families punish wrongdoers by treating the offenders as pariahs, forced to eat leftovers at an "outcast table." concierge generally, a hotel employee who assists guests; Brave Orchid is fortunate that the To Keung School of Midwifery provides a concierge for its students. Coney Island during the 1920s, a popular amusement park and famous boardwalk located in Brooklyn, New York, along the Atlantic Ocean waterfront. Confucius Latinized spelling of the name K'ung fu-tzu (probably 551-478 B.C.), an itinerant teacher and sage. Three important doctrines of Confucius include believing in benevolence (doing unto others as to yourself), acting with benevolence, and acting in accordance with propriety. Confucius' teachings are recorded in Analects, compiled by his disciples. conscription forced drafting into service, usually military. contracts labor contracts, specifying the length and wages of work; by 1924, when Kingston's male relatives left China to work in other countries, the United States had severely limited the number of male Chinese emigrants allowed into the country. Only men who met a strict set of criteria were allowed to enter, but their wives, sons, and daughters were not allowed to come with them. CORE Congress of Racial Equality; established in 1942 to improve race relations, one of CORE's major projects is voter-registration drives in the South. cranium the skull. crank here, a person who shams innocent people out of their money. cudgel a club; here, a metaphor for a husband who beats his wife. culpability deserving of blame; guiltiness. cutworms larva that feed on plants, eventually cutting off a plant at ground level. Cyclone fence a chainlink fence. depilatory hair-removing. dermatology the study of skin. descent line the chronological history of a person's ancestors; a genealogical family tree. desultorily lackadaisically, without fervor. dill a herb with aromatic leaves and seeds, which are used as a food seasoning. dirigibles airships, or blimps. dowries any material wealth that brides bring to their husbands at marriage. drinking gourd a dried and then hollowed-out melon or squash, often oddly shaped, that can be used as a drinking vessel. earthenware jugs containers made from either clay or heavy soil; once the material is sculpted into form, the container is cooked over flames and then set to cool. efface to erase or eliminate. Eight Sages also called the Eight Immortals, eight mythological Chinese men of great wisdom; although unacquainted in real life, the eight are frequently depicted as a group in Chinese art. Ellis Island an island off of New York City that served as the primary immigration station from 1892 to 1943. embossed carved or adorned. "Ex-assistant étranger à la clinique chirugicale et d'accouchement de l'université de Lyon" French, meaning "The former foreign assistant at the surgical and birthing clinic of the University of Lyon [France]." exorcised to have cast out evil spirits. faggots bundled small branches, often used as kindling to start a fire. fatalism a belief system whose adherents believe that all events are predetermined; a person cannot make personal choices because freewill does not exist. felicitous pleasing. ferule a rod used to punish children. fiefdoms a land-holding system in which large tracts of land are owned and run by feudal lords; mini-kingdoms. fighting monks a Buddhist order of monks trained in martial arts, often depicted in folklore and movies. figs the fruit of the fig tree, a Mediterranean tree or shrub; gathered when they fall from the tree and then dried, figs are so widely used in Mediterranean countries that they are called "the poor man's food." First Emperor of Ch'in refers to Chao Cheng, who came to the throne in 247 B.C., and, by 221 B.C., had solidified the Ch'in dynasty, mostly through conquests of rival territories; during the Ch'in empire, which lasted until 206 B.C., the Great Wall of China was begun, and all books except those on such subjects as medicine were burned to halt subversive thought. flayed here, stripped of all protective emotions; left completely vulnerable. flotage loose material adrift in water. fly screen a meshlike material used to keep flies out of homes or buildings. fontanel an anatomical term used to describe a baby's soft membranes between its skull's unformed bones. foreheads tied with wild oaths scarf-like material wrapped around the forehead and tied at the back of the head; ideographs like those that Fa Mu Lan's father carves on the woman warrior's back would have been stitched into the fabric to spur warriors to perform great deeds. Fourth Aunt and Uncle The title of a relative is accorded by the rank at birth; for example, Third Sister would be the third daughter born into a family. foxtails a perennial weedy grass with spiked flowers that resemble the tails of foxes. Fred Astaire (1899-1987) Hollywood's famous male dancer who teamed with Ginger Rogers in ten popular movies for RKO Studio during the 1930s, including Top Hat (1935) and Swing Time (1936). frenum here, a small fold of membrane that restrains the tongue's movement. fungus mushrooms. gall generally, resentment, or bitterness; because No Name Woman unknowingly goes into labor immediately after her family disowns her and kicks her out of the house, she fears that the pain racking her body is physically caused by her family's throwing her out. gaucheries rude, unmannered expressions. geishas a Japanese class of indentured women who entertain men; usually, a young girl is sold by her parents to a geisha organization, which then trains her in the duties of being a geisha. gestation the time period from conception to birth of a baby. gesticulating gesturing. gizzard lining refers to the thickly lined gizzard, found mainly in birds; located directly behind the stomach, the gizzard holds ingested gravel or some other grit-like material that birds must use to digest their food. gnomes mythological dwarflike creatures who live underground. Gobi Desert a desert that extends from southeast Mongolia south into northern China. greatcoat an overcoat. gurus spiritual advisors, or leaders. gynecology the medical field devoted to the healthcare of women and their reproductive organs. hairpin a small metal clip used to hold hair in place. the Han people people of the Chinese race; the word "Han" is derived from the name of the dynasty that ruled China from 202 B.C. to A.D. 220. Hanchow possibly Hangchow, a city southwest of Shanghai, in Chekiang Province; capital city of the Southern Sung dynasty (960-1279). hexagrams that are the I Ching The I Ching, or "Book of Changes," the majority of which was written by Wen Wang (twelfth century B.C.), is an ancient Chinese text concerning Confucianism. Of great importance in the history of Chinese philosophy, the work explains ethical principles through a system that involves the oneness of humans and nature in daily communion. The complex hexagrams — six-sided figures — of the I Ching represent different positive qualities; the more hexagrams you "build" on top of one another, the closer you are to an understanding of the world. homonyms words that sound alike but differ in spelling; for example, "meat" and "meet." Hong Kong formerly, a British colony on the southeast coast of Kwangtung Province (Guangdong); Hong Kong reverted to mainland Chinese control in 1997. "I Am a Person of the Middle Nation" In Chinese, the word "China" can be translated as "Middle Nation." The ancient Chinese believed that they were located at the center of the known world. ideograph a symbol that represents an idea; for example, the symbol "@" means "at." impish mischievous. incense here, a pleasant odor. incest sex between blood-related kin. infanticide deliberately killing newborn infants. ingots any standardized shapes of metal; for example, gold bars. ink block a container in which ink is stored. jade trees succulent plants, with fleshy water-retaining leaves, domestically grown either in pots or in gardens. jasper a red, yellow, or brown variety of the mineral quartz. Javanese pertaining to Java, the most heavily populated of the islands that comprise Indonesia, a country in Southeast Asia. Joan of Arc (1412-31) the French heroine who, claiming that she regularly talked with dead Catholic saints, inspired the French to victory over the English at Orléans in 1429; she was later captured by the English, tried for heresy, and burned at the stake. John Wayne (1907-79) American actor known for his ruggedness as a self-styled individualist in Western films. Korean War (1950-53) the military conflict fought on the Korean peninsula between northern Marxists, supported by the former Soviet Union, and southern Korean nationals, backed by the United States; following the conflict, the Korean peninsula divided into North Korea and South Korea. krisses swords. Kwangtung Province also called Guangdong, a province of southeast China; incorporated into China in 222 B.C., when the first emperor of the Ch'in dynasty conquered the area. largess generosity. lepers' socks Leprosy is a chronic disease characterized by skin sores, gangrene, and even paralysis; because the disease is contagious, people with leprosy — known as lepers — often cover their skin to restrain the disease from spreading and because of the social stigma attached to the disease. Li T'ieh-kuai one of the Eight Immortals; Li is depicted as an old man, with a gourd slung over his shoulder; the gourd holds medicine, which Li dispenses to the poor, and at night serves as his bedroom. lichees the nutlike fruit of the litchi, or lichee tree, indigenous to China. lion here, a large puppet, like a parade float, but manually operated, probably by men inside the lion. Long Wall the fifteen-hundred-mile Great Wall of China; begun in the third century B.C. as a means of defense against invading marauders from the north. loom a hand-operated apparatus used to weave cloth. loquat tree a small evergreen tree, native to China and Japan, with white flowers and yellow, edible fruit. maelstrom an incredibly violent and threatening storm, or situation. magistrate a government employee who administers and enforces the law. magpies Related to jays, magpies have long tails, black-green plumage, and white markings over their shoulders. Malaya the peninsula directly south of Thailand, in Southeast Asia; Malaya gained its independence from British rule in 1957, and became part of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. mallard a colorful wild duck found throughout North America, Europe, and Asia. marauders raiders. "Medecine" medicine. menses menstruation. metempsychosis reincarnation, the belief that after the human body dies, its soul is reborn — in human, animal, or even vegetable form; this process continues until the soul reaches perfection. Buddhists believe that the soul has five skandhas, or groups of elements: body, sensations, perceptions, impulses, and consciousness. In death, the soul ceases to exist, but its karma — perhaps what Kingston alludes to as the six paths, the five skandhas plus karma — is reborn in a mother's womb, in the body of a new baby. This system of regeneration continues until a person reaches the state of nirvana, in which personal desires do not exist. midwifery the practice of a midwife, a person — usually a woman — who assists women during childbirth. miens appearances. Mongols traditionally, the nomadic people of Mongolia, situated north of China; throughout their histories, Mongolia and China always have had a very contentious and uneasy relationship with each other. monk's food scant, meager portions of food; Fa Mu Lan eats only nuts and dry roots during most of her time on the mountains of the white tigers. moon cakes round pastries eaten during full moon of the eighth month of the lunar year. Mount Fuji Japan's highest mountain, located sixty miles southwest of Tokyo; Mount Fuji, which is sacred to the Japanese, is a volcano, dormant since 1707 but still classified as "active" by geologists. NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; created in 1909 to help abolish segregation and end discrimination against people of color. nadir the diametrical opposite of the zenith; an astronomical term representing the lowest point below the observer. nape the back of the neck. nether underground, or the underworld. night soil buckets portable containers used primarily for nighttime urine. nock-whistles grooved whistles; the Hsiung-nu carved holes into their arrows; when shot, the arrows made whistling sounds because of the rush of air through the holes. Oh, You Beautiful Doll a 1949 musical film about a songwriter who whimsically rewrites a serious composer's songs as popular tunes; Betty Grable did not appear in the film as Kingston suggests. ophthalmology the medical field that specializes in the care of eyes. origamied from the Japanese art of origami, which entails folding paper into different shapes without cutting or using adhesives. paisley fabric distinguished by its swirling pattern of shapes. palanquins Formerly used in eastern Asia, a palanquin is an ornate chair, often covered by a roof to protect the inhabitant and carried on the shoulders of servants using two poles fastened to the chair. pandanus fronds the narrow, spiny leaves, used in weaving mats, from the palmlike pandanus tree. pantomimed here, communicated using hand gestures. peat dirt highly organic soil derived from peat, decomposed vegetable matter used as a fertilizer and, in some countries, as a fuel. pediatrics the medical field that specializes in the care of infants and children. Peiping means "Northern Peace"; present-day Beijing, the capital of China. peony here, the tree peony, a woody-stemmed perennial with large white- or rose-colored flowers that bloom on three- to four-foot stalks. Tree peonies, which grow slowly, are native to western China but have been hybridized in the United States and throughout the world. peroxide a chemical solution used as a disinfectant to kill germs. pestle a tool used for grinding or mashing food. phoenix notes Traditionally, only one phoenix, a fictional bird from ancient eastern Mediterranean lore, lives at any given time. The one-of-a-kind phoenix lives its five-hundred-year life span, then climbs onto a funeral pyre and sets itself aflame. From its ashes springs a worm that develops into a new phoenix decked in radiant red, purple, and gold plumage. The Chinese believe that the song of the phoenix is especially beautiful, and that the phoenix has an appreciation for human music. pigeon-toed feet turned inward, in the shape of an inverted "V." poppies flowers admired for their beautiful petals; perennial Oriental poppies are best known for their red blossoms with blackish-purple centers. prodigal wastefully extravagant. proxy a stand-in, or substitute; although the rooster that No Name Woman's soon-to-be-husband sends to her is intended to be a goodwill gesture, that he sends a rooster rather than meeting her himself indicates traditional China's low regard for women. purple dromedaries one-humped camels; "purple" dromedaries are only imaginary. quarries excavation pits from which materials such as stones, minerals, or coal are mined. red carp an inland-water fish common throughout North America, Europe, and Asia; the red carp derives its name from its reddish-colored scales and fins. red money Giving money is one of the many customs associated with the Chinese New Year, a fifteen-day festival beginning either in late January or early February. The focus of the celebration is the payment of debts, housecleaning, and the ending of quarrels to prepare the way for a peaceful new year. Often the money is given in red envelopes. rheumatism inflammation of muscles or joints, causing stiffness and pain. rictus a facial grimace. Romany Romany is a catchall word that means gypsy, the language that gypsies speak, and the location from which gypsies come, although Romany is not a physical country or place. runners long, narrow tablecloths. samurais Ancient Japanese warriors, the samurais originated in eleventh-century Japan to enforce the laws of the imperial government, whose power was waning; their cultural dominance ended around 1700. sandalwood a grayish brown tree native to Asia, whose wood is often used in wood carving. scythes tools with long, curved blades used for hand-mowing or harvesting grains. sea swallow also known as terns, graceful water birds that inhabit seacoasts and inland waters; most terns, which form breeding colonies of millions of individuals, lay their eggs on the ground, and in some parts of the world, including Malaya, their eggs are gathered for human consumption. Seagram's 7 a brand of Canadian whiskey. second Communist five-year plan (1958-1963) the economic program established by China's ruling Communist Party to spur the Chinese economy; this second five-year plan was marked by an experiment called the Great Leap Forward, which included a failed attempt to form agricultural communes, where peasants would live and work together to produce food for the entire country. sedan chairs similar to palanquins. self-immolation deliberate self-sacrifice, often by burning. serrated jagged-edged, like a saw's teeth. shadow geese refers to the art of contorting the hands to form different shapes, usually animals, which appear as shadows on a wall or other flat surfaces when the hands are illuminated from behind. Shantung means "Eastern Mountains"; a northern coastal province in China, including the Shantung Peninsula, and China's third most populous province. Shao-lin temple Shaolin, which developed in northern China, is a form of martial arts that emphasizes strength and speed. Martial arts training centers would have been called temples. She Wore a Yellow Ribbon Directed by the legendary John Ford, this 1949 Western film starred John Wayne in one of his greatest performances, as a cavalry commander who delays his retirement because of an impending war with Apaches. Singapore an island country in Southeast Asia controlled by the British from 1824 to 1965; the city of Singapore is the country's capital. slough a depression in the ground, often muddy because of poor water drainage. Southern Hsiung-nu a nomadic people who lived in present-day Siberia and Mongolia; the Hsiungnu were especially powerful from the third century B.C. through the second century A.D., repeatedly making raids into northern China, which resulted in China's building the Great Wall. spirit money fake money that a deceased person's relatives burn to bribe the gods not to harass the deceased person's spirit. strafed randomly attacked with machine gun or cannon fire. strata horizontal layers of rock material, usually stacked one on top of the other. Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) leader of the Chinese Kuomintang, a political party that overthrew the Manchu dynasty in 1911; Sun served as the first provisional president of the Republic of China (1911-12) and later as its de facto ruler (1923-25). surfeited excessive. "Surgary" surgery. synonym two words that have the same, or similar, meaning; Kingston writes that in China, marriage is synonymous to "taking a daughter-in-law" because after the wedding, the husband and wife live with his family, never with hers. Taiwan an island country less than a hundred miles southeast of mainland China; in 1949, Chinese Communist forces drove Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Kuomintang, which means "national people's party," and other Chinese nationalists to this island, formerly known as Formosa, where they established the Republic of China — in contrast to the People's Republic of China, which is Communist mainland China. talismans objects believed to hold magical powers; for example, a person who carries a rabbit's foot will be lucky. talismans objects that supposedly give their owners magical powers; for example, a rabbit's foot is a popular good-luck talisman. taps small metal discs attached to the soles of shoes, used to produce the metallic sounds when tapdancing. taro leaves leaves of the tuberous taro plant, used to wrap food. tarry oil thick, black oil made from tar. teak an evergreen tree, native to southeast Asia, whose wood is used for furniture because of its durability. tetherball a game in which two people try to hit a ball attached to the top of a pole by a rope until the rope is completely wound around the pole. therapeutics the treatment of diseases, either by medical science or holistic means. Thorazine the trademark name of chlorpromazine, an antipsychotic drug. to have our feet bound Beginning during the T'ang dynasty (618-906), feet-binding was an accepted cultural practice in which a female's feet were severely constricted to retard normal growth. Parents wrapped their daughters' feet with toes extended downward, stretching the instep and inhibiting the shaping of the arch. Although feet-binding was a socially elite practice that signaled a man's wealth and social position because he could afford for his wives and daughters not to work, the female's feet would become so deformed that the woman no longer could walk without being physically supported by servants. This inhumane custom ended in 1911, when the dynastic form of government was replaced with a republic. tong ax A tong is an association of Chinese individuals in the United States, believed to be involved in organized crime; Kingston speculates that an old busboy she encounters is really a swordsman, and that this busboy-swordsman uses an ax to kill people opposed to the tong. totem an object or animal used to represent membership in a group, clan, or family. tractably easily led; malleable. train trestle a bridge designed for trains to cross. transmigration here, changing physical shape. tubercular handkerchiefs Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria, called tubercle bacillus; because the disease can be spread from person to person, people already infected with tuberculosis would hold handkerchiefs or other material to their mouths whenever they coughed to lessen the chance of spreading the disease. tules plants with grasslike leaves that grow in swamps and marshes. varicose veins blood-swollen veins, commonly occurring in the legs. were-people for Kingston, another term meaning ghosts, or spirits. wetbacks offensive slang, generally used to disparage people of Mexican descent who illegally enter the United States; here, Kingston means illegal Chinese immigrants. white crane boxing a style or system of martial arts, or fighting arts. whorls spiraling forms; for example, a tornado. whorls spirals; Kingston compares women who carried many objects on their backs to snails' coiled shells. yams sweet potatoes, starchy root vegetables associated most with the southern United States. yang and yin Yang is the masculine element of Chinese philosophy — that is, aggressive, hot, active, dry, and bright qualities. Yin is the feminine element of Chinese philosophy — that is, receptive, cool, inactive, moist, and dark qualities. yellow croaker a saltwater fish; in China, yellow croakers are caught mainly in Kwangtung Province, which supplies about one-fifth of the fish consumed in China. zenith here, the highest region of the sky. zinnia a stiff, hairy-stemmed flower with a single flower head; except for blue, zinnias bloom in all colors. China Grapples with legacy of its “Missing Girls”: Disturbing Demographic Imbalance Spurs Drive to Change Age-Old Practices By Eric Baculinao Beijing Bureau Chief BEIJING — China is asking where all the girls have gone. And the sobering answer is that this vast nation, now the world's fastest-growing economy, is confronting a self-perpetuated demographic disaster that some experts describe as "gendercide" - the phenomenom caused by millions of families resorting to abortion and infanticide to make sure their one child was a boy. The age-old bias for boys, combined with China's draconian one-child policy imposed since 1980, has produced what Gu Baochang, a leading Chinese expert on family planning, described as "the largest, the highest, and the longest" gender imbalance in the world. Ancient practice For centuries, Chinese families without sons feared poverty and neglect. The male offspring represented continuity of lineage and protection in old age. The traditional thinking is best described in the ancient "Book of Songs" (1000-700 B.C.): "When a son is born, Let him sleep on the bed, Clothe him with fine clothes, And give him jade to play... When a daughter is born, Let her sleep on the ground, Wrap her in common wrappings, And give broken tiles to play..." After the Communists took power in 1949, Mao Zedong rejected traditional Malthusian arguments that population growth would eventually outrun food supply, and firmly regarded China's huge population as an asset, then with an annual birth rate of 3.7 percent. Without a state-mandated birth control program, China's sex ratio in the 60's and 70's remained normal. Then in the early '80s, China began enforcing an ambitious demographic engineering policy to limit families to one-child, as part of its strategy to fast-track economic modernization. The policy resulted in a slashed annual birth rate of 1.29 percent by 2002, or the prevention of some 300 million births, and the current population of close to 1.3 billion. ‘Missing girls’ From a relatively normal ratio of 108.5 boys to 100 girls in the early 80s, the male surplus progressively rose to 111 in 1990, 116 in 2000, and is now is close to 120 boys for each 100 girls at the present time, according to a Chinese think-tank report. The shortage of women is creating a "huge societal issue,” warned U.N. resident coordinator Khalid Malik earlier this year. Along with HIV/AIDS and environmental degradation, he said it was one of the three biggest challenges facing China. "In eight to 10 years, we will have something like 40 to 60 million missing women," he said, adding that it will have "enormous implications" for China's prostitution industry and human trafficking. China's own population experts have been warning for years about the looming gender crisis. "The loss of female births due to illegal prenatal sex determination and sex-selective abortions and female infanticide will affect the true sex ratio at birth and at young ages, creating an unbalanced population sex structure in the future and resulting in potentially serious social problems," argued Peking University's chief demographer back in 1993. Prenatal sex selection The abortion of female fetuses and infanticide was aided by the spread of cheap and portable ultra-sound scanners in the 1980's. Illegal mobile scanning and backstreet hospitals can provide a sex scan for as little as $50, according to one report. "Prenatal sex selection was probably the primary cause, if not the sole cause, for the continuous rise of the sex ratio at birth," said population expert Prof. Chu Junhong. A slew of reports have confirmed the disturbing demographic trend. In a 2002 survey conducted in a central China village, more than 300 of the 820 women had abortions and more than a third of them admitted they were trying to select their baby's sex. According to a report by the International Planned Parenthood Federation, the vast majority of aborted fetuses, more than 70 percent, were female, citing the abortion of up to 750,000 female fetuses in China in 1999. A report by Zhang Qing, population researcher of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the gender imbalance is "statistically related to the high death rate of female babies, with female death rate at age zero in the city or rural areas consistently higher than male baby death rate." Only seven of China's 29 provinces are within the world's average sex ratio. Zhang Qing's report cited eight "disaster provinces" from North to South China, where there were 26 to 38 percent more boys than girls. In the last census in 2000, there were nearly 19 million boys more than girls in the 0-15 age group. "We have to act now or the problem will become very serious," said Peking University sociologist Prof. Xia Xueluan. He cited the need to strengthen social welfare system in the countryside to weaken the traditional preference for boys. Gravity of imbalance beginning to be felt The hint of "serious" problems ahead can be seen in the increasing cases of human trafficking as bachelors try to "purchase" their wives. China's police have freed more than 42,000 kidnapped women and children from 2001 to 2003. The vast army of surplus males could pose a threat to China's stability, argued two Western scholars. Valerie M. Hudson and Andrea M. Den Boer, who recently wrote a book on the "Security Implications of Asia's Surplus Male Population," cited two rebellions in disproportionately male areas in Manchu Dynasty China. According to their analysis, low-status young adult men with little chance of forming families of their own are "much more prone to attempt to improve their situation through violent and criminal behavior in a strategy of coalitional aggression." The growing crime rate in China which is being linked to China's massive "floating" or transient population, some 80 million of which are low-status males, seems to add weight to their observation. Girl Care Project Girl Care Project The imbalance has spurred some official efforts to shift public opinion. The "Girl Care Project" is described as a multi-pronged approach to encourage the birth of girls, although some experts complain that it's being framed in terms of the future needs of men. "That's too male-oriented and discriminatory of women," said Dr. Gu, the population control expert. According to one estimate, over the next decade, some 40 million Chinese men will be unable to find wives due to the "scarcity" of females, thus the growing number of so-called "bachelors' villages" in various parts of China. "This project ought to be seen as a way to foster more respect and concern for women and girls," Gu said. The program aims to end pre-birth sex selection, as well as "attacking the criminal activities of drowning and abandoning baby girls [while] rewarding and assisting families that plan to give birth to baby girls," reported The People's Daily, China's leading paper and the flagship of the Communist Party. Benefits for girls The pilot program is being launched in more than a dozen of China's poorest provinces, with funding split between the national and local government. Leading the way is Fujian province where some $24 million has been allocated for distribution among nearly half a million households, with some 100,000 girls to be exempt from school fees. Under the program, couples who limit themselves to two girls would receive a combined annual pension of about $150 for the rest of their lives. Preferential treatment in health care, housing and employment would also be provided. A recent glowing report in the The People's Daily cited a village where new houses for beneficiaries worth more than $2,300 each were built along a "Family Planning Basic Policy Street.” China's birth control policy is now "a diversified mechanism," according to Population ViceMinister Zhao Baige, which allows for one-child in the cities, two in the rural areas, and three in ethnic regions, with no limit in Tibet. "To normalize the sex ratio, illegal sex determination and sex-selective abortions must be strictly banned," Zhao declared recently. An American demographer, who has been closely following China's population program and who spoke on condition of anonymity, lauded China's "coming to grips" with the problem. "Still, they are in a deep dilemma -- emotional and policy dilemma -- because the solution to the problem will conflict with other parts of their population strategy to reduce birth rate or some of the measures could perhaps make the problem even worse," warned the demographer. "We still have a lot of work to do," said Dr.Gu. "There's no road map yet on how to achieve the goal of normal sex ratio." Symbolic Gifts from and to our Ancestors Name:__________________________ Do Now: Think of an ancestor that is important to you in some way. How did their actions, culture and/or beliefs impact who you are today? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Symbolism Rationale For this activity, you will make a paper gift collage/alter for one of your ancestors. Consider what is most important to you and your family. What would be most important to your ancestor to receive as a gift or offering? Why? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ After you create your collage, explain the symbolism and importance behind the gifts you choose to include. What did you create? What is its symbolic meaning? Why would your ancestor value this gift? Why do you value it? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ This activity is designed to help you evaluate the cultural values that have been passed down to you through your family. What cultural values can you identify within your collage? _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ “Talk-Story” Narrative Assignment A “talk-story” weaves reality with fantasy into a genre that has been compared to magical realism. It is based on an experience or historical event, but uses an extended metaphor, symbolism and hyperbole in characterization to enhance the meaning and personal importance of the story. You now have an opportunity to write you own truly epic talk-story. As Maxine uses the swordswoman fantasy to represent her coming of age journey and her conflict with Chinese and American cultures, you will chose a hero(ine) to represent yourself and create a story about your own coming of age journey or experience. Remember that the core of the story is based on reality, but you can represent it in any way you chose to metaphorically or through characterization. Be creative! Use the following plot chart to plan out your stoty before you begin: Approval:_______ China's Educational System Being a student in China is very stressful. The weight and burden that an only child faces can be unbearable. In China, education is free up until the tenth grade, which is consider the first year of high school. In order to attend high school one must pay an administration fee. This fee can vary depending on a child's academic performance in middle school. If a student receives high marks in middle school, he or she will be charged a lower entrance fee. Thus, students are pressured to do well so that they can save money for their parents. In addition, after middle school, which is 7th-9th grade, students must take a nationwide entrance exam in order to attend high school. Their scores on this exam will largely decide what high school they can attend. A low score means that the most prestigious high school will not accept you unless you pay a very high tuition fee. And a high score most likely will allow you to attend the high school of your choice. As well, your tuition fee will be substantially reduced. In summary, high schools in China are operated more like the university system in the United States. Students take an entrance exam and compete to attend the most prestigious high schools. Students who do not do well end up attending poorly run schools unless their parents can afford to pay the high tuition of a more prestigious high school. Students with high marks will receive a lower tuition fee, which is similar to receiving a scholarship at the university level. A Day in a Life of a Chinese Student High school students go to school six days a week! In place of three electives, high school students are required to take physics, biology, and chemistry simultaneously for three straight years. Here is a schedule for a typical high school student: Time 6:50am-11:40am 1) Chinese 2) Math 3) English 4) Elective 11:40am-1:00pm Lunch Break 1:00pm-4:30pm 5) Physics 6) Chemistry 7) Biology 8) Elective 5:00-6:00pm 9) Chinese, Math or English **Note: there are many students that take additional courses after their regular school schedule. I have met students that don't go home until 10:00 in the evening! As well, the more competitive schools keep their students in class until 8:00pm. Source: (Chinese-American traveler blog) http://www.travelpod.com/travel-blogentries/pchun88/china_2005/1124971860/tpod.html#ixzz1TcZlTJRG An impossible necessity: translation and the recreation of linguistic and cultural identities in contemporary Chinese American literature by Martha J. Cutter (excerpt) A writerly process of translation also helps Kingston mediate the conflicting gender roles she has inherited as a Chinese American. Looking up words and translating them makes it possible for Kingston, as previously noted, to understand that China is not a land where they "sell girls [and] kill each other for no reason" (205). Translation enables Kingston to understand more clearly the actual treatment of women in China, but it also enables a recreation of her understanding of Chinese gender structures, as the text's concluding chapter, "A Song for a Barbarian Reed Pipe," demonstrates. In this chapter, writerly translation produces a positive reconciliation between two seemingly dissociated and antipodal cultures, as well as a productive reconsideration of gender roles. On the cultural level, the last chapter reflects a reconciliation between the Chinese and the American, the mother's world and the daughter's. Because a translation gives voice to both the source text and the translator's unique perspective, some translation theorists argue that it should be viewed as coauthored; thus, according to Barnstone, translation is "the work of two artists, or a double art" (13).(27) Literally, Kingston's final chapter is the product of at least two artists (Kingston and her mother), as Kingston states: "Here is a story my mother told me. . . . The beginning is hers, the ending, mine" (206). In a more metaphorical sense, however, this chapter is also collaborative, a double art, for Kingston translates her mother's story while also revising and rewriting it so that it can be her own: calling herself "an outlaw knot-maker" (163) she twists this traditional story of Chinese culture into a new and unique Chinese American design. The original Chinese story is based on the life of Ts'ai Yen, the first great woman poet of China. Ts'ai Yen was captured by an invading army in AD 195 and then spent twelve years in "barbarian" lands. Finally, she was rescued and returned to her own land, leaving her two children behind. As Cheung explains, then, "The Chinese version highlights the poet's eventual return to her own people, a return that reinforces certain traditional and ethnocentric Chinese notions" ("`Don't Tell'" 171). The original version also emphasizes separation between not only the "barbarian" and the "Chinese," but also between the mother who returns to China and the children who remain in the foreign land. Kingston's retelling of this story does not avoid the idea of cultural and linguistic dislocation, for she tells us that Ts'ai Yen's "barbarian" children do not speak her language and even make fun of their mother's speech (208). However, Kingston's version suggests that translation overcomes this separation. When Ts'ai Yen hears the "barbarian music," she begins singing Chinese songs that cross the barriers between cultures: "Ts'ai Yen sang about China and her family there. Her words seemed to be Chinese, but the barbarians understood their sadness and anger. Sometimes they thought they could catch barbarian phrases about forever wandering" (209). The songs also function as a bridge between the mother's language and the children's: "Her children did not laugh, but eventually sang along when she left her tent to sit by the winter campfires" (209). In Kingston's version of the story, Ts'ai Yen finds a way of bridging the barriers that have been erected between the new "barbarian" world and the old world of China, the world of the children and the world of the mother. Read on a metaphorical level, "A Song for a Barbarian Reed Pipe" suggests that Kingston has found a way of deconstructing the binary oppositions that separate mother and daughter, China and America--a way of translating across the borders. In telling this story with her mother, she creates a reconciliation between her mother's world and her own. Kingston says that Ts'ai Yen "brought her songs back from the savage lands, and one of the three that has been passed down to us is `Eighteen Stanzas for a Barbarian Reed Pipe,' a song that Chinese sing to their own instruments. It translated well" (209). In choosing to conclude her work with the three words "It translated well," Kingston suggests the symbolic meaning of translation as a trope for cultural reconciliation and intergenerational conjunction. Although this process is fraught with conflict, in this story and in the book as a whole Kingston creates a translation that allows her to break down the opposition between East and West, and to take strength from the interplay and interpenetration between her disjunctive cultural and linguistic terrains. Source: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2220/is_n4_v39/ai_20171495/pg_12/ 10th Grade Honors Woman Warrior Paper NAME: _______________________________________ REQUIREMENTS Subject: You will trace a theme, motif or symbol throughout the novel and form an independent thesis on its meaning and significance in the novel by completing your topic chart and annotating on the topic as you read. Voice: Formal (3rd person, objective, no contractions) Guidelines: Charts must be completed by _______________. You will use these to develop a thesis regarding your assigned topic. o Paper must be 2-3 pages in length (see additional ‘Format’ information below). At least 3 clearly outlined and explained subtopics that support your claim. o At least three direct quotes from the novel. o Identify at least one theme that is developed by or connected to your topic. o Final Draft: Due _______________________. Format: o Typed o Double-spaced o 12 point o Times New Roman font o 1” margins o MLA style documentation o Works Cited Page Paper will be graded using the MLA Writing Rubric and Expository Keystone Rubric. Prompt: What is the meaning or significance of your symbol or motif? How does this symbol or motif aid in developing the overall novel? Thesis template: Using your topic chart, book and any other materials you have for The Woman Warrior, write a constructed response on your assigned topic. Choose the thesis template that applies to you below to get started: Maxine Hong Kingston develops the theme of __________throughout the novel, The Woman Warrior, by _______________, ___________________ and ____________________. Maxine Hong Kingston develops the theme of __________throughout the novel, The Woman Warrior, by using ____________ as a symbol for ____________________. Maxine Hong Kingston uses the motif of ___________________ throughout the novel, The Woman Warrior, to emphasize ____________________ and develop the theme of _________________________. The bold portion of the thesis statement is called the “thesis map”. It informs the reader of what textual support you will use to prove your thesis, thereby previewing the paper. Fill in textual support for each of your map’s subtopics below to generate an outline: Example 1 (list textual quotes, summaries and paraphrases to support the thesis below): Example 2 (list textual quotes, summaries and paraphrases to support the thesis below): Example 3 (list textual quotes, summaries and paraphrases to support the thesis below): Remember that the examples above should generate multiple paragraphs. You are still using the same basic structure (introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion) as a five paragraph essay that you would write in class, but you will simply have more body paragraphs. The broader the subtopic is, and the more evidence you collect, the more you can write about it and the more body paragraphs you will have for that subtopic. Next steps: Use the attached quote weaving/body paragraph template to generate body paragraphs. Make sure you have a fully formed introduction with thesis and map. Make sure you have a thorough conclusion. Check all of the requirements on the first page of this handout one more time. PROOFREAD!!!!
