Reformation and Religious Wars – Part II: The Eighty Years War (Dutch Revolt) Begins, The Peak of The Spanish Empire, The Spanish Armada, & The War of Three Henrys (Circa 1568-1600)
 The Eighty Years War Begins / The Dutch Revolt o Netherland – 1568
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxemburg
 Parts of Northern France o Phillip tightens grip on Dutch o Dutch reaction o Calvinism vs Catholicism
 Mobs attack Catholic Churches o Duke of Alba
 Council of Troubles
 Council of Blood o William of Orange / William of Nassau / William “the Silent”
 Politique
 Anne of Saxony
 Catholic, then Lutheran, then Calvinist
 Organizes Rebellion
 Sea Beggars / Sea rovers o Union of Utrecht
 Northern Netherlands o William Assassinated – Son continues Revolt

Phillip II and Spain o War on Multiple Fronts
 Dutch Revolt
 War with Ottomans o Don John
 Phillip’s Half Brother o Holy League
 Spain
 Venice
 Church o Battle of Lepanto
 Greatest naval Battle of Sixteenth Century o The Iberian Union 1580
 Spain & Portugal Unified o Undeclared Anglo-Spanish War
 Spain now at war with English, Dutch and Turks

Elizabeth I and England o English Privateers & Colonists
 John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake

 Humphrey Gilbert
 Sir Walter Raleigh
 Roanoke Colony o Foreign Policy after St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
 Netherlands
 France o Mary, Queen of Scots
 Family
 James V of Scotland - Father
 Mary of Guise - Mother
 Elizabeth I of England - Cousin
 Scandal - 1568

Lord Darnley o James Stuart

Earl of Bothwell

Flees to England
 House arrest
 Sir Francis Walsingham

Elizabeth’s secretary and spymaster
 Berdino de Mendoza

Spanish Ambassador

Plot to remove Elizabeth
 Execution - beheading

The Spanish Armada o The “Invincible” Armada
 130 Ships
 25,000 Men
 Duke of Medina-Sidonia o Delays o English Attacks o Storm o Decline of Spain Begins
 France in Turmoil o War of the Three Henry’s
 Henry III of France
 Henry Duke of Guise
 Henry of Navarre o Death of Henry III o Henry of Navarre now Henry IV of France and Navarre o Henry’s War for France
 Henry IV (France) & Elizabeth I (England)
 The Catholic League (Guise Family, Spain, and the Catholic Church) o Edict of Nantes

 April 13, 1598
 Gives Huguenots Qualified religious freedoms
 Ends French Wars of Religion
 Peace in Europe o Treaty of Vervins (1598)
 Spain (Phillip II) and France (Henry IV) o Treaty of London (1604)
 Spain (Phillip III) and England (James I) o “The Twelve Years Truce”
 1609-1621
 Spain & Netherlands (United Provinces)