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By mid 16th it was militant Catholicism v.
militant Calvinism -> spread their word and
defeat the other side
This was a religious/spiritual struggle -> leads
to wars of religion
Economic, social, and political factors are
involved in these conflicts
HUGUENOTS
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ULTRA-CATHOLICS = the Guise
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Towns and nobles joined the Huguenots -> to resist the monarchy
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POLITIQUES
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Massacre at Vassy
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St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
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Henry of Navarre
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The Holy League and Henry of Guise
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King Henry III
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The War of the Three Henries 1588-1589
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Henry of Navarre crowned King Henry IV -> converts to
Catholicism
“Paris is worth a Mass”
Henry VI issues EDICT OF NANTES 1598 = legal toleration for
Hugs/Prots
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
King Philip II of Spain (1556-1598)
Son and heir of Charles V
Militant Catholic
Reigns during the “siglo d’oro”/golden age of Spain
Controlled Spain, Netherlands, S. Italy, New World colonies
Make Spain the dominant power in Europe
Financed by new world gold and silver -> leads to inflation > taxes and borrowing -> repudiation of debt -> decline of
Spain after Philip
Lead struggle against the Muslim Ottoman Turks -> Battle
of Lepanto 1571
Lead crusade against Protestantism
The Dutch Revolt
Struggle with Queen Elizabeth of England
The Spanish Netherlands
1.
2.
3.
Rebellion against Philip II
1.
2.
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Begins in 1566
The Duke of Alva -> sent by Philip II to crush the
revolt with an army of ten thousand
The Council of Blood -> organizes a reign over terror
against protestants
William the Silent -> leader of the Dutch protestants
Duke of Parma -> new leader sent by Philip and splits
the south and the north
Union of Arras 1579 -> southern provinces remain
loyal to Spain
Union of Utrecht -> protestant union of the 7 northern
provinces
The United Provinces -> the Dutch Republic 1648
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Mary dies in 1558
Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Lays foundations for world power
Period of cultural renaissance in England
Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
Elizabeth’s religious views
1.
2.
Protestant
Moderation and compromise
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THE ELIZABETHAN SETTLEMENT
MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS
PURITANS
GOVERNMENT AND FOREIGN POLICY
FRANCIS DRAKE AND THE SEA DOGS
ELIZABETH AND THE DUTCH REVOLT
ELIZABETH v. PHILIP II
THE SPANISH ARMADA
“The Golden Speech”