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Word/def. Feudalism: A system of service in
the Middle Ages. A Lord would control a large
area. Vassals would serve the Lord and control
one of the fiefdoms. The serfs would serve the
vassals for protection.
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Word/def. Fief/Fiefdom: An area which was
controlled by a vassal. The fiefdoms would have
a castle or mansion in the middle that the vassal
lived in. It was surrounded by serf homes. The
serf homes were surrounded by a city wall, and
outside of the wall there were farmlands.
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Word/def. Vassal: A man that served a Lord
and was in control of a fiefdom that was served
by serfs and knights.
Word/def. Serfs: The peasant farmer class of
the Middle Ages. They were the poorest. They
had to serve the vassal with farm work and
military service. They could not own land or
advance beyond being a serf.
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Word/def. Knight: Knights were the trained
military class of the Middle Ages. They would
protect a Lord’s land in exchange for a fief.
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Word/def. Monarchy: System of government in
which power is passed down to the eldest son.
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Word/def. Crusades: In 1095 the Christian
Byzantines asked for help from Christians in
Western Europe to take back Jerusalem, which
had been conquered by the Muslim Turks. For
several hundred years after, large armies of
knights headed across Europe and into Asia to
conquer the city. This led to much blood shed,
but also cultural diffusion
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Word/def. Roman Catholic Church: After the
Roman Empire fell, the Roman Catholic Church
was the only stable institution left in Europe.
During the Middle Ages it became very powerful
and priests, bishops and popes became powerful
men in government.
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Word/def. The Black Plague: A disease that
killed two thirds of the European population
starting in 1348. It began in Asia and came over
on trade ships and the Silk Road.
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Word/def. Lord: A man in the Middle Ages that
owned much land and may have served a
monarch. They had knights, vassals and serfs
under them.
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Word/def. Social Structure/Class System:
When a nation, culture or region has a certain
rigid system of power.
Word/def. The Middle Ages: The period from
500 AD – 1400 in Western Europe where it was
very violent and disconnected after the fall of
Rome.
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