Exam 3 Review
Don't forget that the book has a student resource site that is free:
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/phelanphys2e/#t_781352____
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Know the reaction formula (remember you don't need to recognize the numbers, but you need to
recognize photosynthesis starts with H20 + CO2 + light >>>> O2 + C6H12O6 in other words water, carbon t
dioxide and light are used by the plant to make glucose and oxygen. Know how this formula is different
than the cellular respiration formula)
What do plants need to undergo photosynthesis (see above)? What does the water do in
photosynthesis? What does the light do? What does the carbon dioxide do?
What gives plants their green color? How does it show up as the color green? Where does this pigment
occur in the plant cells?
What organelle is involved in photosynthesis? What are all the parts of this organelle?
What is the first step in photosynthesis?
What happens in the light cycle of photosynthesis?
What is enters the light cycle? Where do they come from? How are they used/changed?
What is released (exits) the light cycle? Where do these molecules go?
Where does the light cycle occur?
What happens in the light independent reactions/Calvin cycle?
What molecules are used in the Calvin cycle? Where do they come from? How are they
used/changed?
What is made in the Calvin cycle? What is released in the Calvin cycle?
What is the difference between a C3 plant, vs. a C4 plant vs. a CAM plant? What special adaptations do
CAM plants have?
How do the gases that the plant needs for photosynthesis get into the plant? What is that structure
called that allows for gas exchange?
CELLULAR RESPIRATION (**remember that we focused on glucose, BUT lipids and proteins can also be
used. NOT just glucose (sugar))
Know the chemical reaction/formula for respiration
What kind of organisms go through cellular respiration?
What are the two kinds of cellular respiration?
If no oxygen is available then what type of cellular respiration will occur? What are the two types of
respiration if oxygen is not available? How do they differ and what kind of organisms will use these two
types of respiration without oxygen present? How is this type of respiration without oxygen different
than aerobic respiration?
What are the 3 steps to aerobic respiration? What is the order of these steps? Which of these steps
gives the highest pay-off of ATP? What is ATP?
Focus on the Figure that summarizes cellular respiration that I pointed out in class.
What is glycoysis? What are the starting materials? What molecule is produced? Where does glycolysis
take place?
Where does the Krebs cycle take place? What molecule enters the Krebs cycle? What is molecules are
released during the Krebs cycle? Who are all the main "players"- ie. what are all the molecules involved?
Where is the electron transfer chain located? What molecules enter the ETC? How is it similar to the ETC
in photosynthesis?
If there is no oxygen present then what happens after glycolysis?
What molecule is made if you are exercising really hard and the muscle cells are not getting enough
oxygen?
What if you eat a lot of sugars, in other words more than your body is burning off...What can build up on
your body?
Evolution
Who developed the theory of evolution?
What kind of evidence did he use? Where did he travel? What did he see?
What is evolution? At what level do changes occur? What is the mechanism that produces those
changes? What are 5 different things that can cause a population to change over time (make sure to be
able to list them and know their definitions)?
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o bottleneck effecto founder effect-
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How do you get new traits/alleles in a population?
What are the types of changes that you might see in a population over time (there are 3 selection
senerios that could happen)?
a. a change that increases the frequency of the extreme traits and decreases the frequence of
individuals in the intermediate ranges
b. a change that increases the number of individuals at one end of the extreme and decreases
the rest of the individuals
c. a change that increases individuals in the intermediate range and decreases the number of
individuals in the extreme ranges of a trait.
What does natural selection depend on?- What has to be true for natural selection to work (there are
three things that have to exist for natural selection to occur)?
What are some pieces of evidence for evolution? What are fossils? What are some examples? What is
different about trace fossils? What is the difference between analogous and homologous structures?
What is a species? What is speciation? How can it occur (we discussed two ways)?
Reproductive isolating mechansims are divided into two categories.
1. _________________________________
o examples_______________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________
o examples________________________________________________________________
Chapter 11 Animal Diversity
What is an animal?
What are the two different types of symmetry? What types of animals have them?
Know the different phyla of animals we covered and the sub groups. What are examples of each group?
What are characteristics of that group?(ex: phylum chordata- what are the 4 characteristics that they all
have and a subcategory also known as a class would be sub phylum: vertebrates class: mammalia- all
of them have hair and females have mammary glands.