Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
2015 Fall Semester Exam
Neolithic Revolution and Early River Valley Civilizations
Neolithic Revolution “T” Chart
Life Before
/
Life After
Around 3,000 B.C., some farming villages became complex civilizations.
Brainstorm: What characteristics are needed to make people a “civilization”?
River Valley Civilizations
Mesopotamia –
Egypt –
Indus Valley (India) –
China –
Why did these civilizations all start around rivers?
Lasting Contributions
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
– Babylonian King Hammurabi created the first legal code
– Hammurabi’s Code had 282 _______________________________ (an eye for an eye)
– The code had ___________________________________________________________
– The Hebrews in Palestine were the 1st ___________________________faith in history (Judaism)
– Ten Commandments – Ethical & Religious Laws for the Hebrews.
–
Ancient India
Seasonal _______________ caused summer rains & floods
The people were well protected on the Indian “subcontinent” by the
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Classical India
• India experienced a “golden age” during the Gupta Empire & became a “classical empire”
– Indian astronomers were the first to discover that the earth was ___________
– One of their greatest areas of advancement was
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
China
• Government: Like Egypt, China was______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Rulers justified their power by ________________________________________________________________
–
Indian Religions
Hinduism & Buddhism
• Basic beliefs:
Hinduism
• Basic beliefs:
ReincarnationKarma-
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
Differences:
Hinduism
Buddhism
Sikhism
• Another major religion in India was Sikhism.
• Sikhism is a nonviolent religion that blends the doctrines of Hinduism, and Sufism (Islamic mysticism).
• The way to lead a good life is to:
– Keep God _____________________________________
– Live honestly and ______________________
– Treat everyone equally
– Be generous to _______________________________
– Serve _____________
Persians
One of the most important ancient empires were the Persians (in present-day Iran)
Who are the above images of?
Persians were a military threat to the______________________
How did the Persians control their empire?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
Zoroastrianism was the first to believe in
Greece & Rome
Polis –
Athens-
Sparta-
Alexander the Great –
– He was a _________________________________ and _______________________________
– His interest in _____________ _________________& ____________________as well
as__________________, ______________________, & _______________________ ideas led
to a vibrant new culture, called ________________________________, it would shape
future civilizations.
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
Rome
Fill in the blanks below
This image represents_________________________________
What is a Republican form of Government?___________________________________________________
Twelve Tables were based on _________________________________________________________________
Roman Law Includes:
How did Ceasars death change Rome?__________________________________________________________
What was and how long was the Pax Romana?____________________________________________________
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
Summarize the Roman Empire:
Beginning of Christianity
Birth of Jesus
Jesus @ 30
Paul
Why it Spread
Constantine
Edict of Milan
Theodosius
Took place under which empire
Struggles of Rome:
Political
- Citizens experienced a loss of ________________, _________________ and ______________________to the Roman gov’t
Military
By 370 A.D., “barbarian” groups outside Rome, led by the ______________, began to attack. In 410 the city was
overrun and ___________________ followed.
Rome could do little to stop the invasions; By 476, ____________________________________________________
Diocletian’s Reforms:
The empire was divided between ________________________________ and ___________________________________
The _______________was far wealthier than the _____________ because it had most of the great cities & trade centers.
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
The fall of Western Rome led to ___________________________________________.
Eastern Empire became the ___________________________________ and lasted another_______________ years.
Islam and Africa
Islam
Founder_________________________ Followers__________________________. Islam would spread
throughout ____________________________________________________________________________
The Islamic Empire connected diverse people through ____________________ and _____________________.
Muslim scholars focused on ___________________________________________________________________today.
The Islamic Empire
•
After Muhammad, Islamic leaders created an empire:
–
The Islamic Empire had _______________________________________ that conquered nearby regions.
–
The massive empire led to ______________________________ for Muslims & new opportunities to spread Islam.
–
They did not send _________________________ to force people to convert.
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
The Abbasid Empire
Years-______________ to _________________ Strong Government ______________________________
Economy-
Wealth from _______________ led to a ___________________ _____________, a time of great Muslim
achievements in ______________,________________,__________________and___________________________
East Africa
•
The societies of East African participated in the _______________ _____________ ______________
network & were shaped by ___________________________ _______________________________.:
– The kingdom of _________________ traded with Persia, India, Arabia, & Rome;
Aksum became a ________________________ kingdom.
West Africa
•
West Africa was were shaped by the ___________________________________________________:
–
West Africans had large deposits of ______________________, but lacked _________________.
–
The __________-___________ _____________connected North & West Africa across the Sahara desert.
•
Eventually __________________ was overthrown & the ______________________ empire emerged.
–
Mali’s King ___________________ took over the Ghana kingdom & trade cities in West Africa
–
Sundiata created an efficient gov’t, promoted _________________, & controlled trade to become very rich.
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
Byzantine Empire and Middle Ages
Why was the capital of Constantinople important?
-
-
Who built the Hagia Sophia?
To oversee his new empire, ____________________ ordered legal experts to consolidate old Roman laws into a
single law code
– The _______________________ ________________ served as the legal basis for criminal justice, marriage,
property, slavery, & women’s rights.
– The law code became one of the most important legacies of the _________________ ____________________ &
served as the basis for laws for the next ___________years
•
One of the biggest controversies among Christians was the use of icons:
– What are Icons and what did some Christians think it resulted in?
– In 730, the Byzantine Emperor banned icons & many Christians _________________.
These disagreements led to deep divisions among Christians, the Pope and the Patriarch
__________________________________each other & eventually the Great Schism (split) occurred in 1054:
Christians in Western Europe became the ___________________________________________________
Christians in Eastern Europe became the ____________________________________________________
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
Feudalism
Look at the image and describe the role of each below.
Kings had land but very ______________________________________ (there was no centralized political rule during
the middle ages).
Lords, (also called Nobles) had _______________________________________, they were the upper-class
landowners; they had inherited titles (“Duke,” “Earl,” “Sir”)
Knights were _____________________________________________________________________________
Some peasants were ___________________________ & could not leave the lord’s estate.
Feudalism is based on what?
Land-owning lords offer land (called a____________________________) to knights in exchange for their
_____________________ and ___________________ to protect the lord’s land
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
The Manorial System
Manor-
Lord’s role-
Peasant’s role-
Manors were ____________________________________; everything that was needed was produced on the manor.
Peasant life was hard: They paid ____________________________to use the lord’s mill, had to get permission to
______________________________________, & life expectancy was about __________ years old.
The Crusades
In_____________, the Islamic Empire invaded & took the holy city of ____________________________.
_________________________________ issued a call to Christians for a Crusade (________________________)
to regain control of the Holy Land
Over the next 300 years, ______________________ fought ___________________ armies in 9 different Crusades.
During a Crusade in 1254, the Western Christians even turned against the Eastern Christians and attacked
_______________________________ in search of treasure. The Byzantine Capital never fully recovered from this attack.
Effects of the Crusades
The Crusades brought cultural diffusion (the spreading of culture to other areas usually through trade) and
introduced new ideas into Western Europe.
Examples of desired goods- __________________________________________________________________
Examples of technology-_____________________________________________________________________
Examples of Ideas- _________________________________________________________________________
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
Black Death (caused by fleas on rats)
How did the Black Death or Bubonic Plague effect manorialism? ___________________________________
How did the Black Death or Bubonic Plague spread? _____________________________________________
Look at the map above, where did the plague start?
The plague killed _______________________ people in 5 years ( _________________of Europe’s population)
How did the plague impact workers that survived?
Mesoamerica
Mayans
Government:
Economy:
Religion:
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
China and Mongols
During the Classical Era, the emperors of _____________ China created a large empire & developed numerous
innovations like ___________________________________ that provided food for the large Chinese population.
________________________________________________ for gov’t employees based on Confucian teachings
made sure that qualified people were given government jobs
________________________________________ technology attracted trade from outside China.
The ___________________________________ trade route brought Chinese luxury goods to Europe & Asia
and increased _________________________________.
The Chinese invented the ________________________________ that allowed them to start exploring, (navel
advancement).
Who is this? ___________________________________
What did he do? _________________________________________________________________________________
China’s Isolation
•
After the 7th treasure fleet voyage in 1433, Chinese leaders unexpectedly ended the expeditions &
retreated into ________________________________
– Scholar-officials complained that Zheng He’s voyages used valuable resources that were needed
to defend China
– China’s geography & gov’t policies kept it relatively isolated for the next _____________ years.
China began to _____________________________ other regions because they were focused on their own
political and social stability
Name______________________________________________Class_________________Date________________
Mongols
Built by ________________________________
Mongol Empire at it’s height.
The Mongols brought stability & order to Eurasia
The era from the mid-1200s to the mid-1300s is called the ___________ ___________________ (“Mongol Peace”)
The spread of Mongol control laid the foundation for a surge in ______________ ____________________ trade
(cultural diffusion).
Other stuff
Is Wikipedia a Primary source? ______________________
Remember laws enforce social behavior.
The transportation of slaves from Africa to the new world is called the middle passage, (started in part due to the
need for workers because of the decline of native populations in the Americas due to disease).
The Swahili coast is on the East coast of Africa, (Indian Ocean side).