Study Guide: Cell Organelle’s, Passive/Active Transport, and Photosynthesis/ Cellular Respiration
Test Date: Wednesday October 7, 2015
SB1A: Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in
maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.
Organelle
Description
Function
Animal, Plant or Both
CELL WALL
Rigid, tough, made of cellulose
Protects and supports the cell
Plant
CELL MEMBRANE
Thin, covering, protects cells
Protects the cell, performs active
transport and passive transport,
moves materials in and out of the
cell, communication
Both
CYTOPLASM
Jelly like substance that contains
organelles
Pads and supports organelles
inside the cell. Moves by cyclosis
Both
NUCLEUS
Dense, ball shaped structure,
contains DNA
Controls all of the cell’s activities
Both
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
Thin covering over the nucleus
Covers and protects the nucleus
Both
NUCLELOUS
Small dark area in the nucleus
Produces ribosome’s
Both
CHROMATIN
In the nucleus, made of DNA and
protein, contains genes
Provides instructions for the cells
activities, (growth, reproduction)
Both
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Clear, tubular system of tunnels
throughout the cell
Transports materials like proteins
around the cell
Both
RIBOSOME
Small specks made of RNA.
Found in cytoplasm or on the
endoplasmic reticulum
Makes proteins
Both
MITOCHONDRIA
Location in the cytoplasm, bean
shaped
Supplies energy or ATP for the
cell through cell respiration using
glucose and oxygen
Both
VACUOLE
Large open storage area, smaller
in animal cells
Storage tank for food, water,
wastes or enzymes
Both
CHLOROPLAST
Green structures that contain
chlorophyll
Captures sunlight and uses it to
produce food through
photosynthesis
Plant
GOLGI BODY
Small bags with tubes connecting
them
Packages and secrets proteins for
use in and out of the cell
Both
LYOSOME
Small, round structures,
containing enzymes
Digests older cell parts, food or
other objects
Animal
CENTRIOLE
Small cylindrical
Used with the spindle apparatus
during mitosis
Animal
SB1D: Explain the impact of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).
Describe diffusion: Moves things into/out of the cell (circle one or both!) Moves from high-to-low/low-to-high concentration(circle
one) For large/small molecules (circle one or both!) Uses/does not use protein doorway (circle one) FACILITATED DIFFUSION IS
LARGER AND USED PROTEIN DOORWAY
Describe osmosis: Moves things into/out of the cell (circle one or both!) Moves from high-to-low/low-to-high concentration (circle
one) For large/small molecules (circle one or both!) Uses/does not use protein doorway (circle one) Must be water and a semipermeable membrane
Describe passive transport: Moves things into/out of the cell (circle one or both!)Moves from high-to-low/low-to-high concentration
(circle one) For large/small molecules (circle one or both!) Uses/does not use protein doorway (circle one)
Describe active transport: Moves things into/out of the cell (circle one or both!) Moves from high-to-low/low-to-high concentration
(circle one) For large/small molecules (circle one or both!) Uses/does not use protein doorway (circle one) Protein does move larger
molecules and used carrier protein
Describe endocytosis: Example of active/passive (circle one) Moves things into/out of the cell (circle one or both!) For very
large/small molecules (circle one or both!) Pinoocytosis – liquids Phagocytosis - solids
Describe exocytosis: Example of active/passive (circle one) Moves things into/out of the cell (circle one or both!) For very
large/small molecules (circle one or both!)
Osmosis (Tonicity): Explain Hypotonic, Hypertonic, and Isotonic. Complete each diagram below. Use arrows to show osmosis. Label
each cell and solution as hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.
20 % solute
80 % solute
80 % solute
20 % solute
50 % solute
50 % solute
_80__ % solvent
__20_ % solvent
_20__ % solvent
_80__ % solvent
_50__ % solvent
_50__ % solvent
Hypertonic – cell shrinks
Hypotonic - cell swells
Isotonic – cell has no change
SB3A: Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
What is pyruvic acid changed into?
Organism:
Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid
Fermentation
ETHYL ALCOHOL
YEAST & BACTERIA
LACTIC ACID
ANIMALS/HUMANS
Stages of Photosynthesis
Starting Molecule(s)
Product(s)
LIGHT & H2O
LIGHT SPLITS H2O
KEEPING THE
HYRDOGENS
HYDROGENS + CO2
LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION
LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION
Stages of Respiration
Starting Molecules
O2 IS RELEASED & THE
HYDROGENS ARE TAKEN TO
THE NEXT STEP
C6H12O6
Products
Glycolysis
glucose
Pyruvate acid and ATP (2)
Kreb Cycle
Pyruvate acid and ATP
6 CO2 , 2 ATP, 2 FADH, 8 NADPH
Electron Transport Chain
Glucose
34 ATP, CO2 , H2 O
Compare and discuss how cells store energy and release energy using ATP. Be specific! You may draw the cycle.
ATP IS THE ENERGY STORING MOLECULE. THE ENERGY IS STORED IN THE BONDS OF THE 2ND & 3RD PHOSPHATE.
WHEN THE BOND IN BROKEN BETWEEN THE 2ND & 3RD PHOSPHATE ENERGY IS RELEASED. ATP IS NOW ADP. T O
GET BACK TO ATP ALL THAT HAS TO HAPPEN IS THAT A PHOSPHATE IS BONDED TO THE 2ND PHOSPHATE ON ADP
Explain how the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration compare.
THEY ARE BASICALLY THE SAME FORMULA BUT MIRROR IMAGES OF EACH OTHER. WHAT GOES INTO ONE
PROCESS IS WHAT COMES OUT OF THE OTHER.
WATER & CARBON DIOXIDE GO INTO PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE COME OUT OF
CELLULAR RESPIRATION.
What is the general chemical equation of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?