Ch 23.1 – 23.4 Study Guide
Ch 23.1 Water
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Where is the water on Earth?; What percentage is fresh?: Where is most freshwater stored?
What 2 water sources to people in NJ use for drinking and agriculture?
Trace water through the water cycle; Know all key water cycle processes (evaporation;
condensation; precipitation; run off; infiltration; ground water; transpiration; respiration)
What’s a watershed?
How does development /urbanization affect water quality (particularly reservoirs)?
How does development/urbanization affect flooding? Ground water replenishment?
Give examples of impervious surfaces and how they influence run off and infiltration.
Define and give examples of permeable and impermeable rock.
Define an aquifer; spring; water table
Ch 23.2 Weathering & Erosion
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Define weathering and erosion; How is erosion different from weathering?
What are the “agent” of erosion?
What is the end product of erosion?
Compare mechanical to chemical weathering processes.
Mechanical – what’s it all about?
Examples: frost wedging; abrasion; plant roots
How do each of these processes work to break apart rock?
What type of environment do each of these processes take place in?
 Hoodoos – how did they form?
Chemical – what’s it all about?
It chemically changes rock
How does carbonic acid form?
What type of rock is susceptible to chem. weathering? What happens to it?
Oxidation reactions involving rock with iron – what happens?
What types of environment are best for chemical weathering? What environments promote
mechanical weathering? Chemical weathering?
Ch 23.3 Stream Erosion & Depositon
Be able to identify and describe how each of these form.
Erosion by streams – How does moving water change the shape of the land?
What does stream erosion depend on?
V- shaped valleys; meandering streams (how do they develop); flood plains; oxbow lakes; makes
canyons
Depositional Features: Deltas and fans
Erosion by Glaciers – How does this change the shape of the land?
U- Shaped valleys; Horns; Glacial lakes; Erratic boulders; Till: Morraine
What are the 2 types of glaciers & how do they form? How do they move?
Erosion by Groundwater – Mostly chemical weathering & erosion
How do caves form? What type of weathering? What type of rock is usually involved?
Caves & Sink holes
Erosion by Wind – How does it change the surface of the land?
Loess & Dunes
Depositional Features: Deltas & Alluvial fans