Spring Semester Review 2014
ENERGY/NATURAL RESOURCES UNIT
Use the following lessons to answer the review questions:
Time and Again
Let it Burn
Always Changing
I Want a Transfer
Like There’s No Tomorrow
1. As the population of the world continues to increase, the Earth’s resources are in jeopardy of
being depleted. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources? List at
least three examples of each.
2. Define inexhaustible resource. List three examples.
3. Fill in the questions marks with examples of transformation of energy.
Energy Transformation Chart
Light
Heat
Electrical Chemical
(Radiant) (Thermal)
Mechanical
Sound
Nuclear
Transformation from
Transformation to
Chemical
Electrical
Heat
(Thermal)
Light
(Radiant)
Mechanical
Sound
digestion
?
hand
warmer
glow stick
?
TNT
(dynamite)
transformer
?
generator
?
?
?
ignition
Nuclear
?
lightning
clapping
telephone
supernova
United States Population
1790
1820
1940
2000
2030
4 million
10 million
130 million
275 million
4. According to the data set above, the 1790 population of the U.S. was 4 million. Interpretation of
this information can be referred to as what type of prediction?
5. As you can see the population of the U.S. grew to 275 million by the year 2000. What would you
expect the population to be by the year 2030? What is this prediction called?
6. How could this increase in population affect the environment?
7. What sort of graph would best display the data set above? Why?
United States Population from 1790 -2030
400
Population (millions)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1790
1820
1940
Years
2000
2030
8. Define potential energy and give three examples.
9. Define kinetic energy and give three examples.
10. How does the Energy Transformation Chart support the Law of Conservation of Energy? Restate
the law.
11. Name the three fossils fuels.
12. What is the difference between a perfect burn and an imperfect burn? Which products are
potentially harmful or lethal?
13. Humans use fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas as sources of energy. Fossils are remains
of prehistoric life; fuel is matter that burns. Write the chemical equation for the reaction that
occurs during the burning of fossil fuels.
14. When lighting a Bunsen burner it is important to follow all safety precautions as described in the
skill sheet “Using a Bunsen Burner”. Describe what the flame should like if the burner is lighted
correctly.
15. Snakes are cold blood creatures. After a cold night, they will sit on a rock to warm up. Tell how
all three types of heat transfer affect a snake sitting on a rock by the ocean.
Atmosphere and Weather
Use the following lessons to answer the review questions:
Layered Look
Earth’’s Energy Budget
Dense and Denser
Be Specific
Mapping It
Who’s in Control
Why Are You Frontin’
Twist and Shout
Look Into My Eye
16.List the layers of the atmosphere in order from the surface of the Earth out.
17.How can there still be air traffic (plane flights) during periods of bad weather?
18. How is the ozone layer different from ground level ozone?
19. What are CFCs, and how could they change your daily life 20 years from now if their production is
not stopped completely?
20. What are some things Europe can do to try to stop the icecaps from melting? (name three things
and explain how each idea would help)
Earth’s Energy Budget
Reflected by
atmosphere
Incoming solar 6%
energy 100%
Reflected
by clouds
20%
Reflected
from Earth’s
surface 4%
Radiated to
space from
clouds and
atmosphere
64%
Radiated
directly to
space from
Earth 6%
Absorbed by
atmosphere 16%
Absorbed by
clouds 3%
Carried to clouds
and atmosphere
by latent heat in
water vapor 23%
Absorbed by land and oceans 51%
Conduction
and rising
air 7%
Radiated from
the earth’s
surface 21%
21. What happens to the majority of the sun’s energy?
22. Using the Earth’s Energy Budget above, approximately how much of the Sun’s energy is reflected
back into space?
23. Explain the differences in density between cold and warm water and between fresh and salty
water.
24. What is a thermocline in the ocean?
25. Explain how it is possible for a fisherman to catch freshwater fish in the ocean.
26. List the 2 types of ocean currents and describe each one.
27. What is specific heat?
28. Using what you know about the specific heat of land and water, draw 2 diagrams – one
representing what occurs to create a “sea breeze” and another to show what occurs to create a
“land breeze”. Indicate at what time of day each of these breezes occur.
29. What is the difference between weather and climate?
30. List the factors that control the weather.
31. What is the difference between the rotation of ocean and wind currents in the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres?
32. Name and describe the four types of weather fronts.
33. Define the characteristics of a high pressure system and a low pressure system. Which type of
weather is associated with each?
34. In what type of a weather system do tornadoes form?
35. What 3 types of air masses do they need to form?
36. What are the 3 factors that must be present in order for a hurricane to form?
37. What is the major difference between a Tropical Depression, Tropical Storm and a hurricane?
38. In what direction do tornadoes and hurricanes rotate in the Northern Hemisphere? In the
Southern Hemisphere?
39. What are the symbols on a weather map for high and low pressure systems?
40. What is the symbol on a weather map for a hurricane?
Rock Processes/Weathering
Use the following lessons to answer the review questions:
Testing Minerals
Cycles
Don’t Take It For Granite
Settling Down
1
talc
2
gypsum
Under Pressure
Weathering or Not
Which Way Is Up?
Ecoregion Roundup
Moh’s Scale of Hardness
3
4
5
6
7
8
calcite fluorite apatite orthoclase quartz topaz
feldspar
9
corundum
10
diamond
Moh’s Scale of Hardness classifies minerals on a scale from 1 to 10. It is a useful tool when
identifying minerals.
41. The softest mineral on the Moh’s scale is ______ .
42. The hardest common mineral on the Moh’s scale is _____________ .
43. A fingernail has a hardness of 2.5. Which minerals can be scratched by a fingernail?
44. The Field test uses several common items such as a penny, a nail and a piece of glass to determine
the hardness of minerals. You have been given an unknown mineral. When conducting a hardness
test, you are unable to scratch the specimen with a piece of glass. This mineral is probably:
a) fluorite
b) calcite
c) gypsum
d) quartz
45. Of the minerals listed on the Moh’s Scale, which ones are considered to be gemstones? Why are
gemstones more valuable than other minerals?
Answer the questions below using the Rock Cycle
Weathering
Transportation
Deposition
Uplift and Exposure
Sediments
Igneous rocks
(extrusive)
Lithification
Sedimentary
rocks
Consolidation
Metamorphism
Metamorphic
rocks
Melting
Igneous rocks
(intrusive)
Crystallization
Magma
Rock Cycle
46. What are the three major categories of rocks and how they are formed?
47.Explain the difference between clastic and nonclastic sedimentary rock.
48. Quartzite is quartz sandstone that has undergone a metamorphic change. Explain how it goes
from magma, to granite, to sandstone, and then finally to quartzite.
49. Explain the difference between foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rock.
50. Igneous rocks have two major physical characteristics that help explain what is in them, and how
they were formed. Give the two major physical characteristics, and explain what each one helps you
identify.
51. Explain how you would find the density of a rock. Include the formula for density, equipment
needed, and procedure.
52. Rocks reveal geologic and environmental changes that have occurred over millions of years. What
does the arrangement of
rock layers and types of
sedimentary rocks tell us
D
about Earth’s past?
C
B
53. Define relative age.
A
54. Which law supports the fact that layer B is older than C?
55. Which law supports that the intrusion occurred more recently than A, B, C, and D?
56. This is a sedimentary rock formation. Label the syncline and anticline.
57. How would Dallas be different if there was no such thing as weathering of rocks?
58. There are two major categories of weathering. Identify the two categories and give an example
of each.
59. In San Antonio, there are a lot of limestone statues sitting on granite bases. The granite bases
are still in good condition, but the limestone statues are falling apart. Why is this occurring?
60. What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Plate Tectonics/Topography
Use the following lessons to answer the review questions:
Layer by Layer
Mountain or Molehill
All Broken Up
I Lava You
All Shook Up
You Floor Me!
Karst in a Bottle
61.Name the layers of the earth, starting with the outermost layer.
62. What is a continental plate?
63. What is the Theory of Continental Drift? Who developed this theory?
64. What things were pointed to as evidence of continental drift?
65. How do continental plates move?
66. Draw the three types of plate boundaries. Use arrows to show how they move.
67. What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?
68. List significant characteristics of the earthquake and volcano prone areas. (location, population,
etc.)
69. What type of plate movement causes earthquakes?
70. Where are subduction zones (trenches) found?
71. Why are volcanoes and earthquakes often found in the same areas?
72. Explain how Karst topography is created.
73. If the Dallas area has a change in its water supply and gets a large underwater river, what would
happen to the chalk rock below us?
Use the topographic map below to answer the following questions.
X
1943
1900
1800
1700
2050
2000
1950
1900
1850
1800
1750
1700
74. Draw a profile of the above mountain.
75. What is the highest elevation on the map?
76. What is the contour interval of the map?
77. What is the elevation difference between the two homes?
78. Why do hikers use topographic maps instead of regular maps when going through mountains?
79. List and describe the three types of volcanoes.
80. How can volcanic eruptions affect our climate?
81. Harry Hess proposed the Theory of Sea Floor Speading in the 1960s. According to this theory,
where is new ocean floor being produced? What happens to old ocean floor?