EPOCHE 2013 LLP Erasmus I.P
Excellence in Photogrammetry
for Open Cultural Landscape & Heritage Education
Project Thesis of Group “F”:
Soma Adrian HAASZ, UWH, HU
Panagiota MAVROMATIS, THK, GR
Rodica Dorina PATRANJAN, UAB, RO
Maria STATHAKI, THK, GR
Maria Andrada TEPES, UPT, RO
Daniel VALASKA, STU, SK
-THASSOS 2013-
Chapter 1
Introduction:
The EPOCHE Erasmus IP (Excellence in Photogrammetry for Open Cultural Landscape & Heritage
Education) is about the improvement of traditional methods for surveying, documenting and WBE (Webbased Education) for Archaeological Sites and Cultural Landscapes & Heritage (CLH); especially by
synergy effects gained by the combination of ICT low-cost techniques as innovative practices under
digital Photogrammetry.
EPOCHE Objectives: Developing low-cost digital photogrammetric techniques as innovative
practices in Photogrammetry and CLH education and training;Shortening the gap between the
established traditional e-learning management systems and the modern adaptive & intelligent WBE
tutoring for the benefit of the CLH education;Demonstrating new WBE opportunities and the
power/usefulness of the on-line learning environment (as an innovative ICT-based tool for
training/lecturing Surveying and Photogrammetry in CLH);
Thasos or Thassos is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea close to the coast of Thrace and
the plain of the river Nestos, but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island,
and 12th largest by area. Thasos is also the name of the largest town of the island (also known as
Limenas Thasou, "Harbour of Thasos"), situated at the northern side, opposite the mainland and about
10 kilometres (6 mi) from Keramoti.
About the summer school:
The summer school was at Greece, in Thasos wich is a little island. There were 5 groups, two
from Greece, one from Slovakia, two from Romania and one from Hungary. We have learned about the
Photogrammetry, about the camera calibration, about the 3D modeling and how to do a ortophoto plan.
We used a lot of pograms like PhotoModelar Scan, the Photomodeller, Calib, VeCad and AutoCad too. At
the beginning there were a lot of presentations from our professors. These were very interesting and
important. On the second or third day we made the groups. We have had 8 groups, with 6 persons in a
group, mixed. At the afternoons were the practical education and the professors have given to us some
exercises. One was, to make photos about a monument, and about a column. These pictures we used in
the photomodeller, tom make 3D models. Thassos has a museum. In the garden of the museum are a lot
of interesting stones. We have choose one, and we made some pictures about them too. We have made
the 3D model about the stone with the photoscan. The third exercise was, to make photos about a
building. We have coordinates too, from a total station. We used to make this exercise in VeCad and the
AutoCad. In the VeCad we have made the good coordinate system, and we given coordinates for our
points. After we done the ortophoto, we imported this file in the AutoCad. In this program we have
draw the building: the windows, the doors, and the stones too.
This summer school was very interesting and useful . We think, at home will be very good this
summer school, because we can understand the photogrammetric at English too, we can speak about
the axises and the angles. We know about the air photogrammetric and about the laser scanning, about
the camera calibration and about the 3D modeling too.
Another very important thing is that, we made new friends, from other countries. It was not
only a school, it was a very nice and good journey for everybody
Chapter 2
Topography and Photography Campain:
-data colection
To create a photogrammetric rectification based on Measured Control Points we have to
execute a few steps:
First, we went on the field and took some measurements of the control points,and photos of the
building that we are going to use it, for rectify the images. For the measurements we used a total station
from Topcon South Nts-325r and for the pictures we used a camera from CASIO EXILIM with 12.5*14.1
mega pixels.
After we did the measurements and the photos ,we downloaded the measurements and put
them in excel to correct the errors and to find the final x,y,z. Than, we put the final coordinates in a text
file created with Notepad.
Before we started to work in VeCad we had calibrate the images that we selected for the
rectification. The program that calibrates the images is Calib. We opened the program and we calculate
the parameters for our camera. After that, we put at least 6 photos in the program and load the
parameters that were calculated earlier. Now, with the calibrated pictures and we started the
rectification.
After that, we started the software VeCad : we inserted control points in the Cad environment.
The format of control points must be id XY. If the text is to big ,we must select it and change the size,
using the window properties.
Using the main menu item we inserted a image of the fatade to be rectified and than
we
located the control points on the image. After we finish placing th points we activated the command to
start the image rectification.We used the
button first and then we selected the whole image to
rectify and pressed the right mouse button, and it was done.
Than, we identifyed the points from the first image and match them with the ground control
points. After we selected all the points, clicked the right mouse button and there appeared a report
dialog verw are the standard deviation error of rectification.
We
clicked OK to give the image file name of the rectified image and to specify the pixel size in ground
coordinates. Than the rectification of the image was done. After we finished with the first picture we did
the rest of the images in the some mode and the project is done.
Chapter 3
Photogrammetric image processing:
-data processing
1. we opened the coordinate file and we make the texts smaller.
2. we open first the picture. We have made the calibration with the Calib softwere. We have made the
work with the calibrated pictures, but the ortophoto was wrong. We made the job with the
uncalibrated pictures too, and we used the ortophoto from the uncalibrated pictures.
3. we put the point on the picture, on the papers, in the centre of the circle or in the corner, of the two
rectangles. We used the corners.
4. we Make the relationship with the coordinates point and the picture points, with a line.
The standard error was every time under 0.005 m, but only at the calibrated pictures. At the
uncalibrated was it 5.3 mm, 2.9 mm and 4.1 mm.
5. We make the 2-5 steps with the two or three pictures too.
6. We make the layers, for the points, and for the 3 pictures.
7. With overlay the layers, we can make the ortofoto plan. We can make the order of the layers.
calibrated:
uncalibrated:
order of the layer
The differents between the calibrated and the uncalibrated:
We can see, that on the uncalibrated picture, the axis is in line, with the building. On the calibrated
picture, the axis is not in one line with the building. The wall makes a curve. The conclusion is, that the
calibration was wrong.
Uncalibrated Picture:
Calibrated Picture:
Chapter 4
Digital 3D modelling:
-the output product
Practical work-> PhotoModelar Scanner (The Monument)
The first step of a project in PhotoModelar Scanner it is to calibrate the camera, using at least 9
photos of the calibration field. To calibrate the camera we added photos from the computer, run the
process and than the camera was calibrated. The maximal residual was 1.23 pixeli.
Than, we continue the project, adding the photos of the monument. We had to orient the best
pictures, using six commun points in both pictures. First, we had checked if the points are visible, and
than we marked and referenced them.
Next, we selected the points that we wanted to reference and than we have cheked if the
precision was right. If the errors were to big, we should open the table of the quality and delete or
repair the wrong points.
If we want to see the 3D model, we open a new 3D view.
After we put the points in the right place,we connected them, using lines. If we have had
unsuccesful attemps, we should delet the line or the curve and we repeat the last process. After the two
pictures are one, we repeated the same process with another pictures.
After we have created the 3D model, using the options of the 3D viewer, we select the surface
type of the moument.
After we open the PhotoModelar Scanner, we add the pictures of the calibration field, to calibrate the
camera (Figure 1):
Fig.1:Adding the pictures
To calibrate the camera, after we added the pictures,we run the process and than, tha camera was
calibrated (Figure 2):
Fig.2: The calibration
The next step was to mark the points , to referent them and to make the orientation (Figure3):
Fig. 3: Marking, referending and do the orientation
After we had the 3D model, we made the surface of the model (Figure 4):
Fig.4: The surface of the model
Than, we made the model with fast texture (Figure 5):
Fig.5: Model with fast texture
After that, we made the model with quality texture (Figure 6):
Fig.6: Model with quality texture
Here it is an example of the measuring of the model (Figure 7):
Fig.7: The measurments
This is how we defined the center of the coordonates system (Figure 8):
Fig.8: The center of the coordonates system
This is how we define the scale of the model (Figure 9):
Fig.9: The scale of the model
And here we defined the axes (Figure 10):
Fig. 10: The axes
Practical work: Photoscaner->museum
The first step of a project in Photoscaner is to add all the pictures of the monument. Using
different commands like „intelligent scissors”-to mark the object, „invent selection” and „add selection”
to select only the points who describe the monument. We applyed this process to all the pictures we
used.
After that, we aligned the pictures, selecting also the high and the generic. It takes a few
minutes to process the whole procedure, and after that, we seted the parameters, to build the
geometry.
It took like two hours to process the building geometry, and in the end, we selected „build
texture” and resulted the 3D model.
After that, we set the reference distance and after the last step, we can do measurements on
the model.
In the end, we exported the final model to other formats like: *.3ds, *.wrl and *.dxf
The first step of a project in Photoscan is to click on „work flow” and to add all the pictures we need
(Figure 1):
Fig 1: Adding photos
Than, we have to select (mark) the project, using „inteligent scissors
” (Figure 2):
Fig. 2: Example of using „inteligent scissors”
After that, with the command „invent selection
surface of the picture(Figure 3):
” and „add selection
” we cut the unnecesarly
Fig. 3: Inventing selection (left) and adding selection (right)
The next step is to select the high accuracy and the generic pair presection , using „align photos”
(Figure 4):
Fig.4: Align Photos
This is how we get the point cloud (Figure 5):
Fig. 5: Point cloud
To building geometry, we had to set the parameters (Figure 6):
Fig.6: Building geometry
This is the model with geometry (Figure 7):
Fig. 7: Model with geometry
After we did the geometry model we started to build model with texture (Figure 8):
Fig.8: Building texture
And the last one it is the model with texture: (Figure 9):
Fig. 9: Model with texture
The last thing we did was to set the scale of the model with
(set reference distance) (Figure 10):
Fig. 10: Setting referance distance
Practical work->PhotoModelar Scanner (the coloumn)
The first step of a project in PhotoModelar Scanner it is to calibrate the camera, using at least 9
photos of the calibration field. To calibrate the camera we added photos from the computer, run the
process and than the camera was calibrated. The maximal residual was 1.23 pixeli.
Than, we continue the project, adding the photos of the coloumn. We had to orient the best
pictures, using six commun points in both pictures. First, we had checked if the points are visible, and
than we marked and referenced them.
Next, we selected the points that we wanted to reference and than we have cheked if the
precision was right. If the errors were to big, we should open the table of the quality and delete or
repair the wrong points.
Selecting cylinder mode
Marking and referencing the cylinder
Selecting revolution mode for modeling the bottom of the pilar + example
Example of modeling the upper part
Model of the piler with surfaces
Final model with fast textures (left) and quality textures (right)
Max residual
Chapter 5
Conclusions and discussion:
The task of this project was to create 3D models of objects (pillar, war memorial monument and
at least 1 artefact) and 1 ortofoto of the facede.
Models was created with programs PhotoModeler Scanner, PhotoScan andVeCadfor ortofoto
production of the facede.
Pictures was taken with camera Casio.This camera was used for all tasks, and it was calibrated in
programs Calib and PhotoModeler. To create the model of the monument was easy, because of its sharp
edges with no curves. The most important part in this modeling was to choose quality photos around
the object from series of photos. We achieved maximum residual of 1.98 pixel.
The other object for modeling was a pillar. This object was difficult for modeling, because it was
not easy to identify the edges. There was a problem with the orientation of photos too, because of the
small quantity of orientation points.
So we had to choose points not only on a pilar, but around it as well. We achieved maximum
residualof 1.80 pixel. For the future it is better to use orientation points printed on a paper (coded
targets) and put them around the object.
Model of the artefact from the museum was created with the software PhotoScan. This program
is fully automated, so it is not necessary to calibrate the camera, orientate the images, referencing the
points and creating surfaces.
Software automaticaly creates the point cloud, builds the geometry and the texture of the
object. User only cuts out the unnecesarry points, which are not important for the modeling around the
object. It is recommended to use PhotoScan for the objects with complicated geometry. The speed of
the calculation depends on hardware capabilities of the computer.
Acknowledgements:
We want to give thanks to the teachers from the Host University Technological Insitute of Kavala, who
organized this project, the EPOCHE 2013 LLP Erasmus IP, to the Organizing Committee, and the teachers
from the Partener Universities.
Appendix A’
Description & Historical Data/Information of the Targer
Monuments
Thasos or Thassos (Greek: Θάσος) is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of
Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost
Greek island, and 12th largest by area. Thasos is also the name of the largest town of the island (also
known as Limenas Thasou, "Harbour of Thasos"), situated at the northern side, opposite the mainland
and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) from Keramoti.
Antiquity
The island was colonized at an early date by Phoenicians, attracted probably by its gold mines;
they founded a temple to the god Melqart, whom the Greeks identified as "Tyrian Heracles", and whose
cult was merged with Heracles in the course of the island's Hellenization.[5] The temple still existed in the
time of Herodotus.[6] An eponymous Thasos, son of Phoenix (or of Agenor, as Pausanias reported) was
said to have been the leader of the Phoenicians, and to have given his name to the island.
Around 650 BC, or a little earlier, Greeks from Paros founded a colony on Thasos.[7] A generation
or so later, the poet Archilochus, a descendant of these colonists, wrote of casting away his shield during
a minor war against an indigenous Thracian tribe, the Saians.[8] Thasian power, and sources of its wealth,
extended to the mainland, where the Thasians owned gold mines even more valuable than those of the
island; their combined annual revenues amounted to between 200 and 300 talents. Herodotus says that
the best mines on the island were those opened by the Phoenicians on the east side of the island, facing
Samothrace.. Archilochus described Thasos as "an ass's backbone crowned with wild wood." The island's
capital, Thasos, had two harbors. Besides its gold mines, the wine, nuts and marble of Thasos were well
known in antiquity. Thasian wine was quite famous. Thasian coins had the head of the wine god
Dionysos on one side and bunches of grape of the other.[9]
Thasos was important during the Ionian Revolt against Persia. After the capture of Miletus (494
BC) Histiaeus, the Ionian leader, laid siege. The attack failed, but, warned by the danger, the Thasians
employed their revenues to build war ships [10] and strengthen their fortifications. This excited the
suspicions of the Persians, and Darius compelled them to surrender their ships and pull down their
walls. After the defeat of Xerxes the Thasians joined the Delian confederacy; but afterwards, on account
of a difference about the mines and marts on the mainland, they revolted.
The Athenians defeated them by sea, and, after a siege that lasted more than two years, took
the capital, Thasos, probably in 463 BC, and compelled the Thasians to destroy their walls, surrender
their ships, pay an indemnity and an annual contribution (in 449 BC this was 21 talents, from 445 BC
about 30 talents), and resign their possessions on the mainland. In 411 BC, at the time of the oligarchical
revolution at Athens, Thasos again revolted from Athens and received a Lacedaemonian governor; but in
407 BC the partisans of Lacedaemon were expelled, and the Athenians under Thrasybulus were
admitted.
After the Battle of Aegospotami (405 BC), Thasos again fell into the hands of the
Lacedaemonians under Lysander who formed a decarchy there; but the Athenians must have recovered
it, for it formed one of the subjects of dispute between them and Philip II of Macedonia. In the
embroilment between Philip V of Macedonia and the Romans, Thasos submitted to Philip, but received
its freedom at the hands of the Romans after the Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC), and it was still a
"free" state in the time of Pliny.
It is related, that Byzantine Greek Saint Joannicius the Great (752–846) in one of his miracles freed the
island of Thasos from a multitude of snakes.
Ottoman Era
Further information: Byzantine Greece and Ottoman Greece
Thasos was part of the Eastern Roman Empire, later known as Byzantine Empire. It was captured by the
Turks in 1462. Under the Turks the island was known as Ottoman Turkish: ‫ طا شوز‬Taşöz. A brief revolt
against Ottoman rule in 1821, led by Hajiyorgis Metaxas, failed. The island was given by the Sultan
Mahmud II to Muhammad Ali of Egypt as a personal fiefdom in the late 1820s, as a reward for Egyptian
intervention in the War of Greek Independence (which failed to prevent the creation of the modern
Greek state). Egyptian rule was relatively benign (by some accounts Muhammad Ali had either been
born or spent his infancy on Thasos) and the island became prosperous, until 1908, when the New Turk
regime asserted Turkish control. It had the status of a sanjak in the vilayet of Salonici until the Balkan
Wars. On October 20, 1912 during the First Balkan War, a Greek naval detachment claimed Thasos as
part of Greece, which it has remained since.
Modern era
Further information: Axis occupation of Greece during World War II
During the Axis occupation (1941–1944) Thasos, along with the rest of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace,
came under Bulgarian control. The Bulgarian government renamed the island "Tacoc" and closed its
schools as a first step towards forced Bulgarization. The island's mountainous terrain facilitated smallscale resistance activity. With the end of the war and the withdrawal of Axis troops, the island was
caught up in the Greek Civil War. Skirmishes and Communist guerilla attacks continued on Thasos until
1950, almost a year after the main hostilities were over on the mainland.
Thasos, the capital, is now informally known as Limenas, or "the port". It is served by ferry routes to and
from Kavala and Keramoti. The latter is a port close to Kavala International Airport, and has the shortest
possible crossing to the island.
THASOS - FROM MYTH TO HISTORY
From haze of myths and pre-history, the first habitants of Thasos come into view. The ancient writers
call the island 'Hyarea', meaning 'Clear and Fair'. But its name, that has been kept unalterable through
the centuries, is owed to the legendary Thasos, son of Aginoras, king of the Phoenicians. According to
Herodotus, Thasos with other Phoenicians that followed him in his travels, was the first resident of the
island (1600-1500 B.C.). The Phoenicians are the first users of all the wealth-producing resources of the
island, mainly mines and wood.
THE GREEK PARIANS
From the 7th century B.C. the Parians that belong to the very powerful greek tribe of the Ionians, with
Telesikles as their leader, reached the island after consulting the Oracle of Delfi. With them traveled the
poet Archilohos, son of Telesikles, who wrote wonderful poems about the island and the adventures
they encountered. The Parians rules the island. A new era, the greek era, open its gates of Thassian
history.
THE THASSIAN STATE
From the 7th century B.C., a powerful Greek/Thassian state is formed, with colonies, big economic and
naval activity and cultural development. For most periods of time, the main governing system is
democracy. The twelve gods of Olympus are worshipped religiously. Hercules is the patron god of the
island. The 'Mysteries of Demetra' are celebrated with special ceremonies, which were introduced by A
Parian priestess called Kleovia. Also Dionisos is celebratTHASOS TODAY
Thasos is situated at the north Aegean sea, opposite the mouth of river Nestos and the town of Kavala
(North and East coordinates 40,40).
Area: 393 km. Perimeter 90 km. Length from north to south 26 km.
Environment: A picturesque island. covered with pine and olive trees.
Population: 13.316 inhabitants.
Climate: Hot and healthy summers, damp winters.
Governing shape: Thasos is one of four departments of the Prefecture of Kavala, of eastern Macedonia.
It is divided into one District Office and nine Community Offices.
Transportation: The island is linked by sea with the Macedonian coastline. The distance can be crossed
by ferry boats or hydrofoils that depart from: a) Kavala-Prinos (12 nautical miles), b) Kavala-Limenas (18
nautical miles) and c) Keramoti-Limenas (8 nautical miles).
history of Thassos
Mythology
The isle was called by the ancient poets Aethra and Chrysi.
But the truth is that the isle got his name from an ancient hero of the mythology called Thassos.
Thassos was the son of the king of the Phönizer Aginoras or the god Poseidon (the god of the sea). Today
it is impossible to comprehend of whom Thassos was the son. The legends about him are very old and
not very exact.
After Herdot he was the first settler of this isle. Her arrived on the island with some other Phönizer.
He was so exhaust, when her was searching his sister Europe, that he took a rest on this island. So the
island was called after him. Thassos.
Prehistory
Lying close to the coast of Eastern Macedonia, Thasos was inhabited from the Palaeolithic period
onwards, but the earliest settlement to have been explored in detail is that at Limenaria where Middle
and Late Neolithic remains have been found that relate closely to those of the Drama Plain. In contrast,
the remains of the Early Bronze Age on the island align it with the culture that developed in the Cylcades
and Sporades to the south in the Aegean. At Skala Sotiros for example, a small settlement was encircled
by a strongly built defensive wall. Even earlier activity is demonstrated by the presence of large pieces of
'megalithic' anthropomorphic stelai built into these walls, which, so far, have no parallels in the Aegean
area.
There is then a gap in the archaeological record until the end of the Bronze Age c 1100 BC, when the
first burials took place at the large cemetery of Kastri in the interior of the island. Here built tombs
covered with small mound of earth were typical until the end of the Iron Age. In the earliest tombs were
a small number of locally imitated Mycenaean pottery vessels, but the majority of the hand-made
pottery with incised decoration reflects connections eastwards with Thrace and beyond.
Antiquity
The island was colonized at an early date by Phoenicians, attracted probably by its gold mines; they
founded a temple to the god Melqart, whom the Greeks identified as "Tyrian Heracles", and whose cult
was merged with Heracles in the course of the island's Hellenization. The temple still existed in the time
of Herodotus. An eponymous Thasos, son of Phoenix (or of Agenor, as Pausanias reported) was said to
have been the leader of the Phoenicians, and to have given his name to the island.
In either 720 or 708 BC, Thasos received a Greek colony from Paros. It was in a war the Parian colonists
waged with the Saians, a Thracian tribe, that the poet Archilochus threw away his shield. The Greeks
extended their power to the mainland, where they owned gold mines even more valuable than those on
the island. From these sources the Thasians drew great wealth, their annual revenues amounting to 200
or even 300 talents. Herodotus, who visited Thasos, says that the best mines on the island were those
opened by the Phoenicians on the east side of the island facing Samothrace.
Thasos was important during the Ionian Revolt against Persia. After the capture of Miletus (494 BC)
Histiaeus, the Ionian leader, laid siege. The attack failed, but, warned by the danger, the Thasians
employed their revenues to build war ships and strengthen their fortifications. This excited the
suspicions of the Persians, and Darius compelled them to surrender their ships and pull down their
walls. After the defeat of Xerxes the Thasians joined the Delian confederacy; but afterwards, on account
of a difference about the mines and marts on the mainland, they revolted.
The Athenians defeated them by sea, and, after a siege that lasted more than two years, took the
capital, Thasos, probably in 463 BC, and compelled the Thasians to destroy their walls, surrender their
ships, pay an indemnity and an annual contribution (in 449 BC this was 21 talents, from 445 BC about 30
talents), and resign their possessions on the mainland. In 411 BC, at the time of the oligarchical
revolution at Athens, Thasos again revolted from Athens and received a Lacedaemonian governor; but in
407 BC the partisans of Lacedaemon were expelled, and the Athenians under Thrasybulus were
admitted.
Roman Era
After the Battle of Aegospotami (405 BC), Thasos again fell into the hands of the Lacedaemonians under
Lysander who formed a decarchy there; but the Athenians must have recovered it, for it formed one of
the subjects of dispute between them and Philip II of Macedonia. In the embroilment between Philip III
of Macedonia and the Romans, Thasos submitted to Philip, but received its freedom at the hands of the
Romans after the battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC), and it was still a "free" state in the time of Pliny.
It is related, that Byzantine Greek Saint Joannicius the Great in one of his miracles freed the island of
Thasos from a multitude of snakes (Venerable Joannicius lived through 8-9 centuries).
Ottoman Era
Thasos was part of the Eastern Roman Empire, later known as Byzantine Empire. It was captured by the
Turks in 1462. Under the Turks the island was known as Ottoman Turkish: Taşöz. A brief revolt against
Ottoman rule in 1821, led by Hajiyorgis Metaxas, failed. The island was given by the Sultan Mahmud II to
Muhammad Ali of Egypt of as a personal fiefdom in the late 1820s, as a reward for Egyptian intervention
in the War of Greek Independence (which failed to prevent the creation of the modern Greek state).
Egyptian rule was relatively benign (by some accounts Muhammad Ali had either been born or spent his
infancy on Thasos) and the island became prosperous, until 1908, when the New Turk regime asserted
Turkish control. It had the status of a sanjak in the vilayet of Salonici until the Balkan Wars. On October
20, 1912 during the First Balkan War, a Greek naval detachment claimed Thasos as part of Greece, which
it has remained since.
World War II
During Axis occupation (1941-1944) Thasos, along with the rest of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, was
under Bulgarian control. The Bulgarians planned to annex the territory under their control and closed
down schools as a first step towards forced Bulgarization. Under Bulgarian rule the island was called
Тасос. Mountainous terrain facilitated small-scale resistance activity. The Greek Civil War affected the
island in the form of skirmishes and Communist guerilla attacks until 1950, almost a year after the main
hostilities were over on the mainland.
Modern Era
Church in Thasos
Thasos, the capital (now informally known as Limenas, or "the port"), stood on the north side of the
island, and had two harbors. Archilochus described Thasos as "an ass's backbone crowned with wild
wood," and the description still suits the mountainous island with its forests of fir and pine. Besides its
gold mines, the wine, nuts and marble of Thasos were well known in antiquity. Thasian wine (a light
bodied wine with a characteristic apple scent) was, in particular, quite famous; to the point where all
Thasian coins carried the head of the wine god Dionysos on one side and bunches of grape of the other.
Thasos is served by ferry routes to and from Kavala and Keramoti. The latter is a port close to Kavala
International Airport, and has the shortest possible crossing to the island.
Administration
Thasos belongs to East Macedonia and Thrace peripheral, and it is the only municipality of the
peripheral unit though it is a small island. As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the
peripheral unit Thasos was created out of the former Kavala Prefecture.
Geography
Thassos has generally round shape, without deep bays and significant peninsulas. The highest peak,
Ypsario or Ipsario, is 1,205 m (3428 ft) high and lies in the eastern half of the island, which is steeper and
mostly covered in pine forest. The western half has gentler slopes. While generally mountainous, the
terrain is not particularly rugged, as it rises gradually from the coast towards the island center.
Most villages were placed inland, as the population was chiefly engaged in agriculture and
stockbreeding. Those villages had their harbors at nearest points on the shore, often connected with
stairways ("Skalas") and the population gradually migrated there, as tourism began to emerge as an
important source of income. Thus, there are several pairs of villages such as Marion–Skala Maries,
where the former is inland and the latter on the coast.
Geology
Thasos island is located in the northern Aegean sea approximately 7 km from the mainland and 20 km
south-east of Kavala. The Island is formed mainly by gneisses, schists and marbles of the Rhodope
Massif. Marble sequences, corresponding to the Falacron Marbles intercalated by schists and gneisses,
are up to 500m thick and are separated from the underlying gneisses by a transition zone about 300 m
thick termed the T-zone consisting of alternances of dolomitic and calcitic marbles intercalated by
schists and gneisses.
The rocks have undergone several periods of regional metamorphism, to at least upper amphibolite
facies, and there was a subsequent phase of retrograde metamorphism. At least three periods of
regional deformation have been identified, the most important being large scale isoclinal folding with
axes aligned north-west. The T-zone is deformed and is interpreted by some authors as a regional thrust
of pre-major folding age. There are two major high angle fault systems aligned north-west and northeast respectively. A large low-angle thrust cuts the gneiss, schist and marble sequence at the south-west
corner of the island, probably indicating an overthrusting of the Serbomacedonian Massif onto the
Rodope Massif.
The Late Miocene oil-producing Nestos-Prinos basin is located between Thassos island and the
mainland. The floor of the basin is around 1,500 m deep off the Thassos coast(South Kavala ridge;
Proedrou, 1988) and up to 4.000-5.000 m in the axial sector between Thassos and the mainland. The
basin is filled with Late Miocene-Pliocene sediments, including ubiquitously repeated evaporite layers of
rock salt and anhydrite-dolomite that alternate with sandstones, conglomerates, black shales, and
uraniferous coal measures (Proedrou, 1979, 1988; Taupitz, 1985). Stratigraphically equivalent rocks on
the mainland are clastic sediments with coal beds, marine to brackish fluvial units and travertines.
Archaeological Museum of Thasos
It occupies a house that was built in 1934 and recently extended. Storerooms and workshops
have already been organised, and before the end of 2000 four rooms will be open: the shop, the official
functions room, the old wing, and the prehistoric collection.
●In the intrance of the museum, there it is a very important statue, which has 3,5 m high.
The statue dates from the 6th century, but it is not done.
There is also a red stone wich the people used to cover their skin, to be protected from the
animals. This stone it is in Limenaris and it is from 200 years b.c.
At the museum, we saw a real human skeletton. With the teeth, we can descover the age, the
sex and why the man or the woman died. In that period, the people have died at a very early age.
There were also personal stuffs of women, men and children, a plan of the old Angora, and a
statue of Emperor Hadrian, made of marbel from Thassos. It is the best representation, made only from
one rock.
There is also a beautiful statue of the Goddess Venus, on a delphin, which is unique, in the hole
world. The horse of the Hercules it is also unique and it has two tipes of sculpture.
The sanctuary of the Ionisus contain the statue of Ionisus the muses and the status of the god of
comedy and tragedy. There are also wine gasses and the pocal of Idria.
Bibliography:
http://www.photomodeler.com/products/scanner/default.html
http://photomodeler-scanner.software.informer.com/7.0/
http://info.photomodeler.com/blog/bid/287914/Tip-36-PhotoModeler-s-Automatic-Camera-LibraryMatching
http://vecad.software.informer.com/6.1/
http://www.vecad-dll-ocx.com-about.com/
http://www.kolbasoft.com/litecad.html
Appendix B’
The 3D modell & VECad software:
PhotoModeler:
PhotoModeler is a software that creates accurate 3D models and accurate 3D measurements
from photographs. The fotographs can be taken with most standard cameras, which are a lot cheaper
than professional cameras. 3D models can by created and exported with textures from the original
photographs.
PhotoScan:
PhotoScan is a software that automatically builds professional quality textured 3D models from
images. The program provides photo aligment. No special shooting conditions and cooding targets are
beeing needed. PhotoScan has a function for automatic calibration of the cameras. After that the
program creates point cloud, build geometry and texture.