Apical Meristem
“tip meristem”; primary
growth
Bark
Outer layer of phloem,
cork cambium and cork
Blade
Broad, flat portion of the
leaf
Branch root
Emerge from pericyle in
root
Casparian strip
Cell wall of each endodermal
cell contains this, regulates
water and minerals from
traveling into vascular bundle
Pressure-flow
theory
Most widely accepted
explanation for fluid
transport in phloem;
different water pressure
drive flow of fluid
Collenchyma
Cells typically elongated with
thick but flexible walls; alive at
maturity: support of nonwoody stems
Companion cell
Nucleated, control
transport function of
sieve-tube elements
Cork cambium
Cork cell
Found in bark, gives rise
to cork cells (cork) for
protection of plant
Waterproof cell wall that
protect trunk from drying out
and physical damage
Cortex
In dicots it lies between the
vascular bundles and
epidermis, composed of
parenchyma cells
Cuticle
Covering epidermis in waxy,
waterproof material; reduces
evaporation
Dicot
Virtually all broad leaf plants,
has 2 cotyledons in seeds
Dermal tissue
system
Endodermis
Epidermis
Fibrous root
system
Flower bud
Guard cell
Covers the outer surface
of the plant body, consist
of epidermis, cuticle and
periderm
Innermost layer of cortex
of a ring of cells, encircles
vascular bundle
Outermost layer of plant
covering leaves, stems and
roots
Many roots are equal size
emerge from stem base,
monocots root system
During reproductive
season, apical and lateral
meristem cells produce
this
Sausage-shaped cells which
enclose and adjust size of an
opening between them
Heartwood
Internode
Lateral bud
Legume plant
Meristem cell
Older secondary xylem;
fills central portion of
older stems
“between nodes”; portions
of stem between each
node
Small clusters of meristem
cells that can form a
branch
House bacteria in root and
have a symbiotic relationship
with nitrogen fixing bacteria
Cells in the plant that are
actively dividing
throughout the plant life
Mesophyll
“middle of leaf”; consists
of cells containing
chloroplasts
Monocot
Most grasses; has one
cotyledon in seed
Mycorrhizae
Nitrogen-fixing
bacteria
Node
Nodule
“fungus root”; increases
the surface area and
volume of roots
Take nitrogen gas from air and
turn it into nitrate; the plant uses
the nitrogen and in return it gets
extra nutrients and vitamins
Petiole of leaf is attached
to the stem of the plant
Bacteria and cortex cells
swell to house the
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Parenchyma
Most abundant ground
tissue, thin cell walls;
alive at maturity
Pericycle
Located just inside of
endodermis; give rise to
branch roots
Periderm
Petiole
Phloem
Pith
Root cap
Sapwood
Sclerenchyma
Replaces epidermal tissue on
the roots and stems of woody
plants as they age
Blade is connected to the
stem by this stalk; helps
position blade for maximum
sun exposure
Transports sugars and fluid
IN BOTH DIRECTIONS
Composed of parenchymal
tissue (dicot stem)
Located at tip of root to
protect the apical meristem
Young secondary xylem;
transports minerals and water
Thick, hardened cell walls;
used for support; die after
differentiation
Secondary
growth
Typically increasing in
diameter and strength of roots
and shoots; lateral meristem
Sieve-tube
element
Joined end to end to form
pipes; when matured they
will lose their nuclei and
cytoplasm
Sugar sink
Sugar source
Stoma
Taproot system
Any structure that uses
more sugar than it
produces
Any structure that produces
more sugar than is used
Adjustable pore that regulates
diffusion of CO₂, O₂ and
water
Central root with many smaller
roots branched out of it; dicots
have this system
Tracheid
Vascular bundle
Vascular
cambium
Thin, elongated cells
staked atop one another;
transports water
Containing both xylem
and phloem
Between the primary
xylem and phloem;
produces secondary xylem
and phloem (lateral
meristem)
Vein
In leaves the vascular bundle
is called this (consisting of
xylem and phloem)
Vessel element
Large in diameter, staked
end to end; transports
water
Xylem
Consisting of vessel elements
and tracheid; moves water IN
ONE DIRECTION