Plant Physiology
Monocots vs. Dicots
I. Root System
II. Shoot System
A.
B.
III. Plant Tissues
A.
B.
C.
IV. Cell Types That Make Up Tissue
A.
B.
C.
Function of Root Systems
•
• Absorb __________________and _______________________
• Store ____________________ (starches)
Types of Roots
Fibrous Roots
• Ex. __________________
• Large ______________ for quick water absorption
• Concentrated in upper few cm. of soil
• Prevents erosion; holds topsoil well
• Well adapted for
____________________________________________________________
Types of Roots
Taproots
• One large ___________________ root with many small lateral
“______________________________”
• Firmly anchors plants in soil
• Often stores starch
• More common in areas
_____________________________________________________________
Adventitious Roots
• Roots extend from __________________________________________
• Props and supports stems
• Well adapted in
_____________________________________________________________
Stem and Leaves
___________________: Where leaves
attach
___________________: area
between two nodes
___________________: Meristem that
can form a branch
___________________: series of
developing leaves and compact
series of nodes and internodes
________: Blade + Petiole (leaf
stalk)
___________________________ Dominance:
When the ___________________ bud ________________ the growth of
the _____________________ bud
**(If terminal bud breaks or gets eaten, axillary bud begins to grow)
Dermal Tissue
Single layer of tightly packed cells
_______________ – waxy coating to prevent water loss and microbial
attack
Xylem Function:
Vascular Tissue
Xylem
Two types of cells form the xylem:
Xylem
Xylem Cells must be _________ in order to function
1. Living elements _____________, forming _____________ conduit for
water flow
2. _______ are where only ___________ cell wall exists
3. _________________ at end of vessel elements where both
__________________ and _________________ walls are missing
Phloem
Phloem Function:
Two cells that form
phloem:
Phloem cells must be ALIVE to function
1. Sieve tube (ST) members are ___________ but lack
___________________ and _________________ (need only cytoplasm
to transport materials)
2. Sieve plates b/w ST members are _____________________
3. _____________________ Cells (adjacent to ST members) with
complete nuclei, ribosomes; connected to ST members by
______________________________ ** they act as physiological
support for ST members
Ground Tissue
____________ : Found
__________________ to
vascular tissue
Cortex: Found
_________________ to
vascular tissue
Cell Types that
make-up Tissue
___________________________
1) “____________________________” plant cell
2) Perform most _______________________ functions (like
_____________________, storage of starch, etc.)
3) Examples:
___________________________
1) Thicker __________________ cell walls and ___________ secondary walls
(to __________________ plant tissue that are still growing w/o
______________________ growth)
2) Often found around ______________ of leaves
3) Grouped as strands or cylinders
____________________________
1) Very _________________ (more than chollenchyma)
2) 2ndary wall strengthened by ____________________
3) Cannot ______________________; found in areas where growth has
______________________________
4) ________________ at functional maturity
5) Examples:
Plant Growth and Development
Growth (cell
division) occurs
at ______________
________________
Meristems:
-Found at ____ of
shoots and roots
-Responsible for
__________ growth
(________________)
- _______________
plants (plants with
___________ stems,
no ____________)
have only ___o
growth
______________ Meristems
- _________________ of
_____________ cells
extending along the
length of roots and
shoots
- Responsible for
_________________ growth
(_________________ and
thickening)
- ______________ = ____o
growth
- “____________” found
in trees = ___o growth
from after each growing
season
Primary Growth
of Roots
Zone of _____________________ and
maturation
Zone of __________________ –
physically responsible for the “force”
that _______________________________
Zone of ___________________ =
_______________ meristem and its
_______________ (10 meristem)
___________________ physically
protects growing meristem
and secretes slime to
________________________soil
Primary Tissue of
Roots
Apical Meristem gives rise to 3 primary meristem tissues
1) ________________ (______________ meristem)
Æ _______________ tissue (ex. ________________ and _____________ hairs)
2) ________________ (______________ meristem)
Æ ______________ (ex. ______________ and phloem) and
______________, which forms _____________________ roots
3) _________________Meristem (meso meristem)
Æ _______________ tissue (ex. ________________) and _____dermis,
which lines the inner-most layer of the cortex and regulates
_______________ of _______________________ from soil into the
_________________ cylinder (stele)
Primary Tissue of
Shoots
Apical Meristem located at tip of terminal bud also gives rise to 3 primary
meristems (as in roots)
1) Protoderm Æ __________________________________
2) ________________________________ Æ vascular bundles
3) ________________ Meristem Æ _______________ or _______________
Primary Tissue of
Leaves
Secondary
Growth
Cross Section of
a Woody Stem