Supplementary Table 1 | Summary of 10 fMRI studies in patients with SLE
Reference
Features
Features of
Resting-
Cognitive
Deactivation
Activation
Compensatory
R
of patients
patients in
state
task(s)
in SLE group
in SLE group
activation
b
in SLE
comparison
fMRI
compared
compared
fM
group (n)
group(s) (n)
with controls
with controls
a
a
Rocca et al.
NPSLE
Healthy
(2006)1
(14)
controls
tapping,
primary
se
(14)
9-hole peg
SMA,
a
test
putamen
a
and dentate
th
nucleus,
ra
MFG,
d
precuneus,
d
bilateral
(r
No
Finger-
No
Contralateral
Yes
A
MT/V5
complex,
MOG and
IFG
Difrancesco
Paediatric
Healthy
et al.
SLE (10,
controls
No
n-back
association
(2007)2
including
(10)
task, verb
area during
generation
CPT and
6 with
CPT,
No
Visual
NR
N
Yes
N
NR
R
n-back task,
NCD)
and frontalparietal
junction
during
n-back task
Fitzgibbon
NPSLE (9)
et al.
(2008)
RA (9) and
No
n-back task
No
healthy
Posterior IPL
and SMA
controls (9)
3
Lin et al.
Non-
Healthy
(2011)4
NPSLE
controls
cerebellum
ce
(31)
(23)
(posterior
a
lobes, vermis)
a
Yes
No
DMN and
NR
h
sc
(r
Mackay
Non-NPSLE (13);
No
Sternberg
No
Cingulate
Yes
N
et al.
patients with disease
letter
gyrus,
b
(2011)5
duration <2 years (6)
recognition
prefrontal
re
were compared with
task, fearful
cortex,
a
patients with disease
faces
sensory
S
duration >10 years (7)
paradigm
cortex and
S
Broca area
in
40
Mak et al.
Non-
Healthy
(2012)6
NPSLE
(14)
At diagnosis:
controls
Broca areas
caudate,
S
(14)
3–7, 13, 24
Broca areas
<4
and 32.
9–11, 34.
n
Post-
Post-
st
treatment:
treatment:
p
Broca areas
Broca area
C
5–9, 13, 17–
32
re
Non-
Healthy
(2012)7
NPSLE
(14)
Shapira-
Non-
Healthy
Lichter
NPSLE
et al.
(12)
No
WCST
w
At diagnosis:
Ren et al.
No
WCST
Yes
D
19, 23, 32,
B
37, 40
is
CBTC and
Cerebellar-
controls
hippocampal-
contralateral
(14)
amygdala
frontal lobe
Yes
N
NR
N
Yes
In
coupling
No
RAVLT
DMN,
TPN,
controls
particularly
particularly
(11)
anterior
left premotor
medial
cortex and
prefrontal
SMA
(2013)8
cortex
Hou et al.
NPSLE
Healthy
(2013)9
(30)
controls
inferior
fu
(25)
parietal
co
lobes, left
st
SMA, IFG
p
and MFG.
a
Frontal-
S
parietal
(r
Yes
PVSAT
No
Superior and
functional
connectivity
Difrancesco
Paediatric
Paediatric
Continuous
Precuneus,
Left insular
Yes, but
et al.
SLE with
SLE
No
performance
IFG, MFG,
and left
evident only
(2013)10
NCD (7)
without
task,
SFG, IPL,
superior
in patients
NCD (14)
n-back
bilateral
temporal
with NCD
task, VCA
fusiform and
gyri
test
occipital gyri
N
(relative
deactivation)
Abbreviations: amPFC, anterior medial prefrontal cortex; CBTC, cortico-basal ganglion-thalamic circuit; DMN, de
network; fMRI, functional MRI; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; MFG, middle frontal gyru
middle occipital gyrus; NCD, neurocognitive dysfunction; NPSLE, neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus;
reported; PVSAT, paced visual serial adding test; r, correlation coefficient; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RAVLT, Rey
verbal learning test; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, SLE disease activity i
Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics; SMA, supplementary motor area; STG, superior temporal gyrus
positive network; VCA, visuoconstructional ability; WCST, Wisconsin card-sorting test.
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