Name: _______________________________________________________________Date: __________________________Block:___
1. During what process are polypeptides assembled at the ribosomes?
A. hydrolysis
B. translation
C. replication
D. transcription
2. What is produced during translation?
A. messenger RNA
B. steroid hormones
C. a polypeptide chain
D. new DNA molecules
3. State one role for each of the following molecules in the process of protein synthesis (3 marks)
DNA:
• Contains the genetic code for protein synthesis.
• Serves as a template for the transcription of mRNA. either one for 1 mark mRNA:
• Carries the transcribed code to the ribosome for translation.
• Determines the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide produced. either one for 1 mark tRNA:
• Carries specific amino acid to a codon on the mRNA.
• Binds to a specific amino acid.
• Ensures the correct amino acid sequence in the new polypeptide through complementary base pairing of codons and anticodons.
4. Give the purpose of each of the following steps in the process of protein synthesis. a) Ribosome moving along a mRNA: (1 mark)
• to match codon and anticodon. • to allow more tRNAs with specific amino acids to join together.
• directs or controls the formation of a polypeptide chain. any one for 1 mark b) Adenine bonding to thymine: (1 mark)
• to produce a mRNA during transcription.
• in the DNA molecule, this bonding ensures that the code is copied properly.
either one for 1 mark c) An amino acid bonding to a specific tRNA: (1 mark)
• to allow the transport of the amino acid to the ribosome.
• to ensure the correct sequence of amino acids.
either one for 1 mark d) Forming of peptide bonds: (1 mark)
• to join adjacent amino acids to produce a protein.
(1 mark)
5. Where is the site of protein synthesis?
A. nucleus
B. vacuole
C. ribosome
D. Golgi bodies
Use the following graph to answer question 6.
6. At which of the following times is transcription, but not translation, occurring?
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
Mrs. N Gill Biology 12

Name: _______________________________________________________________Date: __________________________Block:___
7. What occurs during translation? (3 marks)
¥ mRNA binds to the ribosome.
¥ tRNAs with specific amino acids attached, bind to the mRNA where the anticodon of the tRNA is complementary to the codon of the mRNA.
¥ Adjacent amino acids undergo dehydration synthesis.
¥ Ribosomes move along one codon and the process is repeated.
¥ A polypeptide is produced (peptide bonds form).
¥ Ribosomal subunits come together.
¥ Stop codon indicates release of mRNA and polypeptide chain.
¥ Initiation, elongation and termination . (NOTE: With no accompanying description this received 1 1/2 marks out of 3). any three for 1 mark each
8. Describe one way in which each of the following pairs of molecules are functionally related in the process of protein synthesis. (4 marks: 1 mark each)
DNA and mRNA:
• mRNA is produced from the DNA code during transcription.
• mRNA carries the DNA code into the cytoplasm.
either one for 1 mark mRNA and tRNA:
• tRNA attaches complementarily to the mRNA during translation.
(1 mark) tRNA and amino acids:
• tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
• a specific tRNA binds to a specific amino acid.
either one for 1 mark protein and rRNA:
• rRNA and protein form the ribosome structure.
• Protein is manufactured at the ribosomes which are made of rRNA.
either one for 1 mark
9. What is produced as a result of each of the following during protein synthesis? a) RNA bases and DNA bases join together by complementary base pairing. (1 mark)
• The joining of RNA and DNA bases by complementary base pairing produces mRNA which carries the genetic blueprint to the cytoplasm . (1 mark) b) Transfer RNA joins to messenger RNA at the ribosome. (1 mark)
• Amino acids form peptide bonds in the production of a polypeptide chain (or protein). (1 mark)
Use the following diagram to answer question 10.
10. a) What is the role of this molecule in determining the structure of a protein? (1 mark)
• The sequence of bases in this DNA molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein.• Produce mRNA  tRNA  amino acid.
either one for 1 mark b) Reading top to bottom, determine the mRNA sequence that would be transcribed from the left-hand strand of this molecule. (1 mark)
• C G A C U A (1 mark) c) Give the anticodons that are complementary to this mRNA sequence. (1 mark)
• G C U G A U (1 mark)
11. Describe how the following are related in terms of their function in protein synthesis.
DNA and mRNA: (2 marks)
• DNA serves as a template for the production of mRNA.
(1 mark)
• mRNA carries a complement of the DNA code to the cytoplasm.
(1 mark) tRNA and ribosomes: (2 marks)
• tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes.
(1 mark)
• Anticodons on tRNA pair with mRNA codons at the ribosomes.
(1 mark)
Mrs. N Gill Biology 12

Name: _______________________________________________________________Date: __________________________Block:___
12. Describe the structure and function of each of the following molecules.
(4 marks: 1 mark each for structure; 1 mark each for function) mRNA: structure: • single stranded• contains codons• linear chain of molecules / nucleotides• complementary to DNA template but has uracil not thymine any one for 1 mark function:
• dictates the sequence of amino acids• transports “genetic code” transcribed from DNA to ribosomes either one for 1 mark tRNA: structure: • single stranded• clover leaf / T / L / hairpin shape• contains anticodons• has attachment site for amino acids
• anticodons are made up of three nucleotide bases any one for 1 mark function:
• transport a specific amino acid to ribosome / mRNA-ribosome complex
• anticodon bonds to mRNA codon to place the amino acid
• translates the mRNA strand into a polypeptide at the ribosome by bringing the amino acid to the mRNA any one for 1 mark
13. Describe how each of the following contributes to the production of a protein. (4 marks)
DNA:
• involved in transcription
• serves as a template for mRNA production
• contains or carries the genetic information for the protein to be produced
• contains the code which determines the sequence of a protein
• DNA code determines the mRNA codons any one for1 mark codon:
• determines the specific amino acid
• carries the information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
• binds with the anticodon on tRNA any one for 1 mark tRNA:
• joins to mRNA through complimentary base pairing
• carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome
• carries a specific amino acid to the mRNA strand
• has anticodon for specific amino acid any one for 1 mark ribosome:
• is the site of protein synthesis
• binds to the mRNA strand
• is where translation occurs any one for 1 mark
Mrs. N Gill Biology 12