Erosion & Deposition Prezi Transcript
Erosion, Deposition, and Weathering result in the building up and tearing down of earth’s surface
Erosion - The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments or rock and soil.
Deposition - The process of by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it, and is
deposited in a new location.
Sediment - Small, solid particles of material from rocks or organisms which are moved by water or wind,
resulting in erosion and deposition.
Deposition - The process of by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it, and is
deposited in a new location.
The force of Moving Water
Gravity- it pulls water down a slope
Water Erosion-occurs when ...
Rainfall becomes runoff which in turn can create rills & Gullies
Runoff- water that uses gravity to flow over earth's surface..
Rill- tiny grooves in the soil caused by runoff.
Gully- a water-worn ravine or channel
River Systems: Networks of flowing water that cause erosion and deposition
Tributary-A stream that flows into a larger stream.
Streams-A channel through which water is continually flowing downhill.
River-A large stream.
Mass Movement ---Gravity & Running Water work together!!!!
Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill—4 Types (Caused by Gravity)
Landslides- when rock and soil slide quickly down a steep slope
slump -Mass of rock and soil suddenly slip down a slope in one large mass.
creep- a very slow downhill movement of rock and soil. ---Causes trees to bend and buckle
Mudflow: Landslide of water (60%), soil, and rock
Groundwater Erosion and Deposition
Groundwater - Water that fills the cracks and pores in underground soil and rock layers.
Groundwater can dissolve mineral deposits underground and create caverns. These caverns can collapse
and create sinkholes.
Chemical Weathering - The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.
Karst topography - A type of landscape in rainy regions where there is limestone near the surface
created when caves folded in forming sinkholes
Stalactite - A calcite deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave.
Stalagmite - A cone-shaped calcite deposit that builds up from the floor of the cave.
Erosion by rivers
Rivers erode the land creating different landforms that include:
Valleys- A low area of land between hills or mountains, typically with a river or stream flowing through
it.
Flood plain - flat, wide area of land along a river---tends to flood when a river overflows its banks
Meander- a loop like bend in the course of a river
Oxbow lakes- a meander that has been cut off from the river by land.
Waterfall - place where a river falls over a piece of rock downward
Deposits by Rivers
When rivers slow down, they deposit sediment, and different landforms are created. Some of these
landforms are:
Alluvial fan - a wide, fan shaped sloping deposit where a stream leaves a mountain.
Soil on flood plains - is an area of land adjacent to a stream or river where sediment was deposited
during flood stage.
Delta - is a landform that is created at the mouth of a river---It is created when a river slows down
before reaching an ocean or another river
Glacial Erosion
Abrasion- The scraping away of rock by particles carried in the glacier
Plucking-the process by which a glacier picks up rock as it flows over the land.
Kinds of Glaciers: named by how they form, how they move, and where they are located
Valley glacier - A long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up in a mountain valley.
Continental glacier - A glacier that covers much of a continent of large island.
Ice Age - Cold time periods in Earth's history, during which glaciers covered large parts of the surface.
Wave Formation
Waves are created by wind
Wind - The horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure.
Landforms Created By Wave Erosion
wavecut cliff - A cliff formed along a coast by waves eroding sediment in a high area
sea cave - A hollow area in the rock
sea stack - A pillar of rock rising above water.
sea arch - A natural arch or natural bridge that has water running around and beneath.
Headland: A part of the shore that sticks out into the ocean
Deposits by Waves
Beach-Wave washed sediment along a coast.
Longshore drift-when sediment moves down the beach with the current before deposition
Spit-A beach formed by longshore drift that projects like a finger out into the water.
Barrier beach - Storm waves pile up sand above sea level.
Sandbar-A ridge of sand deposited by waves as they slow down near shore
How wind Causes Erosion
Deflation- The process by which wind surface materials.
Blowout- a bowl-shaped small depression in the ground.
Deposits from Wind Erosion
Sand dunes- a ridge of sand created by the wind.
Loess- very fine, wind deposited sediment---Very fertile soil (Loam)