Global History 10R
Review Sheets
Name ___________________________
Date ____________________________
How to use these sheets: Identify and describe each of the terms in context. That means be able to
explain, with supporting details, how each of the terms relates to the regions we have studied this
year. Simple definitions are NOT enough!
I.
Geographic features and their impact on history/culture
Eastern/Western Europe
Northern European Plain
Mountains
Climate
II.
Classical civilizations:
Greece
City states
Athens – pluralistic – direct democracy
Sparta – monolithic – militaristic
Alexander the Great – empire building [cultural diffusion]
Hellenistic Civilization
Greek contributions – Theater, Poetry, Philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle),
Architecture, Sculpture, Math, Science
Rome – Geography
Twelve Tables of Law, indirect democracy, republic, Julius Caesar
Roman Empire – Augustus
Pax Romana – Roman contributions – Architecture, Law, Justice, Language,
Christianity
The Fall of Rome – Reasons – Economic, Political, Social Causes
III. Byzantine [Eastern Roman] Empire (450-1453)
Constantinople
Justinian’s Code, Theodora, women’s rights
Icons, Hagia Sophia
Schism
Fall of Constantinople
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IV. Early Russian history (900-1600)
Byzantine Influence – gov’t, church, art, architecture
Mongol rule – feudalism, isolation
Muscovite rule
Ivan III the Great
Ivan IV the Terrible
The Romanovs – both foreign and domestic policies are important
V.
Early Middle Ages (500-1000)
Charlemagne
Feudalism
Political – local government – lords
Economic – manorialism
Social – hierarchy, mobility, knights, chivalry
Role of the Roman Catholic Church [papacy] – pol., eco., soc. impact
Art and Architecture (Gothic, illuminated manuscripts, stained glass, etc.)
VI. Late Middle Ages (1000-1350)
Crusades (causes/effects)
Anti-Semitism
Trade (spices), technology, knowledge
Diffusion
VII. Renaissance (1350-1650)
Humanism
Art (daVinci, Michelangelo)
Literature (Machiavelli, Shakespeare)
Science – Scientific Revolution – (Copernicus, Galileo)
VIII. Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther – Ninety-Five Theses - Criticism of the Church
Causes and Results of the Reformation
Protestant churches, Calvin, predestination, Henry VIII
Religious Wars
The Counter Reformation
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IX. Exploration (1450-1750)
Reasons for the Age of Exploration (Columbian Exchange)
Colonial empires in the Americas – Reasons
Slave trade
Mercantilism
Capitalism
X.
Age of Absolutism (1500-1789)
Divine Right
Evolution of Democracy in England
Magna Carta
Puritan Revolution
Glorious Revolution
English Bill of Rights
Louis XIV, Versailles
Peter the Great, St. Petersburg
XI. The Enlightenment – Age of Reason (1500-1800)
Democracy, Social Contract
Laissez-faire capitalism
Enlightenment thinkers – What are their ideas?
John Locke
Voltaire
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Mary Wollstonecraft
Enlightened Despots – Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great
XII. The French Revolution (1789-1795)
Causes of revolution
Political
Economic
Social
Stages (Bastille Day, National Assembly, Declaration of Rights of Man, Jacobins,
Robespierre, Reign of Terror, Directory, Napoleon)
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XIII. The Age of Napoleon (1795-1815)
Rebuilding France – Napoleonic Code
Building an empire – impact on Europe
Effects of the French Revolution – permanent reforms; revolutionary ideas
XIV. Reaction and Revolution (1815-1848)
Congress of Vienna, Metternich
Conservatives & Liberals
XV. Nationalism – Growth of Nations (1848-1871)
Latin American Revolutions & Haiti
Simon Bolivar
Unification of Italy
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Unification of Germany
Otto von Bismarck
Franco-Prussian War
XVI. The Industrial Revolution (1750-1914)
Why it happened - Birthplace
What’s needed
Changes as a result
Factory system, working conditions, capitalism, population, urbanization,
reform movements, Socialism, Marxism, Engels (class struggle)
XVII. Age of Imperialism (1830-1914)
Scramble for Africa, Berlin Conference
Causes (Eco, Pol, Soc)
Effects on the world
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XVIII. World War I (1914-1918)
Causes: Militarism, Nationalism, Imperialism, Alliances, Anarchy
Assassination
Russian entry
US entry
Armenian Genocide
Treaty of Versailles
Terms – what does it say?
War - guilt clause
League of Nations
Wilson’s 14 Points
XIX. The Russian Revolution & the Soviet Union
Russia in WWI
The Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin – Peace, Bread, Land
Marxism in the Soviet Union
New Economic Policy (NEP)
Formation of the USSR
Joseph Stalin
Totalitarianism
Purges
5 Year Plans and Collective farming
Gulags/Kulaks/ Famine of 1933
Non-aggression pact (WWII)
XX. Post-WWI Nationalism
India – Mahatma Gandhi
Salt March
Civil Disobedience
China – Dr. Sun Yat-sen [Yixian] and The Three Principles of the People
Turkey - Ataturk
Secular republic
XXI. Rise of Totalitarianism
Social/ Political/Economic Conditions that enabled dictators to come to power
Italy – Mussolini
Weimar Republic, hyperinflation
Germany – Hitler
Nazi ideology
Munich Conference
5
XXII. World War II
Causes: Appeasement, Totalitarianism, Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism
Campaign against the Jews – chronology
Genocide [The Holocaust]
Nuremburg Trials – Crimes against Humanity
Division of Germany
Atomic Bombs – Hiroshima, Nagasaki
XXIII. Cold War
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Iron Curtain
NATO
Warsaw Pact
Nikita Khrushchev
European Economic Community
Arms Race
Détente
SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
Nuclear weapons
Arms race
SALT I & II
Leonid Brezhnev
Dissidents [Alexander Solzhenitsyn]
Afghanistan Invasion (1979)
Mikhail Gorbachev
Glasnost
Perestroika
Poland – Lech Walesa; Solidarity movement
Pope John Paul II
Czechoslovakia – Vaclav Havel; split
Boris Yeltsin
CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States)
Separatists, Chechnya
Vladimir Putin
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XXIV.
Post-WW II Middle East
Iran-Iraq War
Lebanon
Role of Women in Islamic Countries
Traditional vs. Modern
Sunni vs. Shiite
Iranian Revolution, 1979
Islamic Fundamentalism
Ayatollah Khomeini vs. Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
Extremism
Oil [OPEC]
Oil Politics
Interdependence
Strategic location
Persian Gulf War
Saddam Hussein
XXV. 20th Century Latin America
Cash Crops/Banana Republics
Evolution of US Policy:
Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary, Good Neighbor Policy, Alliance for Progress
Cuba
Nationalization of Industry
Fidel Castro
Bay of Pigs / Cuban Missile Crisis
El Salvador
Unequal Distribution of wealth (i.e. 14 Families)
Salvadoran Army (Death Squads)
FMLN
Oscar Cardinal Romero
Liberation Theology
Nicaragua
Augusto Sandino
Sandinistas vs. Contras
Daniel Ortega
Chile/Argentina
Augusto Pinochet / Juan Peron
Dirty War
Los Desaparecidos
Mothers of the Plaza de Mayor
Brazil
Rainforest / Deforestation / Biodiversity
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XXVI.
Post-WW II Africa
South Africa
Apartheid
Sharpeville
Soweto Student Uprising
F.W. DeKlerk vs. Nelson Mandela
Zulus vs. Xhosas
Sanctions/ divestment
Kenya
Mau Mau
Jomo Kenyatta
Nigeria
Oil
Biafra (Ibo)
Ghana – Kwame Nkrumah
Rwanda - Hutus vs. Tutsis
XXVII.
Changes in European Nations
Germany – Reunification
Economic ramifications of reunification
Yugoslavia – Milosevic
“ethnic cleansing”
Court case at The Hague – International Court of Justice
Kosovo
Ireland
The Irish Question
IRA – Irish Republican Army
Easter Uprising
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