Name _______________________________
Date _______________
Period ________
BIOLOGY
Mrs. Stolipher
Ch 6 & 7.1 – Mitosis & Meiosis – Study Guide
Below are groups of terms related to the study of mitosis. In each group, cross out one word that does not belong
and explain the relationship of the remaining four terms.
1.
Asexual reproduction
mitosis
cytokinesis
interphase
2.
Interphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
prophase
sexual reproduction
Circle the best answer for each question.
3. What two processes occur when a cell with a distinct nucleus divides?
a. Assimilation and reproduction
c. mitosis and cytokinesis
b. Spindles and cell walls
d. centrioles and asters
4. What phase lasts from the end of one cell division to the beginning of the next?
a. Prophase
b. anaphase
c. interphase
d. telophase
e. metaphase
5. By the end of what phase of mitosis do the nuclear membrane and the nucleolus disappear?
a. Prophase
b. metaphase
c. anaphase
d. telophase
6. During what phase does each double chromosome give rise to two single-stranded, identical chromosomes?
a. Prophase
b. metaphase
c. anaphase
d. telophase
7. What happens to the duplicate chromosomes during anaphase?
a. They are reabsorbed
c. they change into chromatin
b. They replicate
d. they move to opposite poles
8. What happens to the spindle during telophase?
a. They disappear
c. they replicate
b. They form into pairs
d. they become part of the nucleus
9. In animal cells, how does division of the cytoplasm come about?
a. By forming a cell plate
c. by pinching-in of the cell membrane
b. By restructuring the nucleus
d. by pinching-in of the cell wall
Name _______________________________
Date _______________
Period ________
10. You would be unlikely to see which of the following human cells dividing?
a. Nerve cell
c. skin cell
e. cancer cell
b. cell from an embryo
d. intestinal lining cell
11. Which of the following correctly matches a phase of the cell cycle with its description?
a. M – duplication of DNA
d. G1 – immediately follows cell division
b. S – immediately precedes cell division
e. all of the above are correctly matched
c. G2 – cell division
12. In telophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle breaks down and nuclear membranes form. This is essentially the
opposite of what happens in
a. Prophase
b. interphase
c. metaphase
d. S phase
e. anaphase
13. Which of the following is not a function of mitotic cell division in animals?
a. Asexual reproduction
c. growth
e. repair of damaged organs
b. Production of gametes
d. cell replacement
14. Meiosis
a. Is responsible of body growth & repair
d. follows mitosis and splits the cytoplasm in two
b. Halves the number of chromosomes in cells
e. is important in asexual reproduction
c. Is the process by which the body produces diploid cells
15. Crossing over is
a. Important in genetic recombination & variation
b. What makes a cell become cancerous
c. A key process that occurs during mitosis
d. An important mechanism of chromosome repair
e. What prevents cells from multiplying indefinitely in cell culture
16. Human ____ are diploid, and human ____ are haploid.
a. Sex chromosomes … autosomes
d. gametes … somatic cells
b. Autosomes … sex chromosomes
e. chromosomes … chromatids
c. Somatic cells … gametes
17. A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it
contain all together?
a. 46
b. 92
c. 23
d. either A or C
e. either A or B
18. If there are 22 chromosomes in the nucleus of a toad skin cell, a toad egg would contain ____ chromosomes.
a. 22
b. 44
c. 11
d. 33
e. 88
19. A karyotype would be least likely to show which of the following?
a. An extra chromosome
c. a missing chromosomes
b. Part of a chromosomes duplicated
d. all of these could be shown by a karyotype
Name _______________________________
Date _______________
Period ________
Complete the table by checking the correct column for each statement.
Statement
Interphase Mitosis
20. Cell growth occurs
21. Nuclear division occurs
22. Chromosomes are distributed equally to daughter cells
23. Protein production is high
24. Chromosomes are duplicated
25. DNA synthesis occurs
26. Cytoplasm divides immediately after this period
27. Mitochondria and other organelles are made
Examine the table. Then answer questions 28-32.
Chromosome Numbers of Some
Common Organisms
Body
Organism Cell (2n)
Human
46
Garden Pea
14
Fruit fly
8
Tomato
24
Dog
78
Chimpanzee
48
Leopard
frog
26
Corn
20
28.
29.
30.
31.
Gamete
(n)
23
7
4
12
39
24
13
10
What is the diploid number of chromosomes in corn?
What is the haploid number of chromosomes in corn?
Is the chromosome number related to the complexity of the organism?
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
32. The figure below illustrates the life cycle of a eukaryotic cell, which is known as the cell cycle. The names of
the phases have been omitted from the figure. In the space provided in the figure below, write the letter of
the phase of the cell cycle that matches each phase in the figure.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Prophase
G1
Telophase
Metaphase
S
Cytokinesis
G2
anaphase
Name _______________________________
Date _______________
Period ________
33. In the space provided in the figure below, write the letter of the stage of meiosis from the list below (a-h) that
matches each stage in the figure.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
_______
________
_______
_________
_______
_________
________
Anaphase II
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Metaphase II
Telophase II &
cytokinesis
f. Telophase I &
cytokinesis
g. Prophase I
h. Prophase II
i.
________
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the stage of meiosis.
______ 34. Metaphase I
a. A new spindle forms around the chromosomes
______ 35. Prophase II
b. Chromatids remain attached at their centromeres as the spindle fibers
______36. Telophase I
move the homologous chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell
______37. Metaphase II
c. A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes, the spindle
______38. Telophase II
breaks down, & cytoplasm divides, resulting in 4 haploid cells
______39. Anaphase II
d. Chromosomes gather at the poles; the cytoplasm divides
______40. Prophase I
e. Nuclear envelope breaks down; genetic material is exchanged through
______41. Anaphase I
crossing over
f. Chromosomes line up at the equator
g. Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the equator
h. Centromeres divide, enabling the chromatids now called chromosomes, to
move to opposite poles of the cell
Answer each of the following questions in one or two COMPLETE sentences.
42. List the four stages of mitosis in their proper order.
43. Describe what happens in metaphase of mitosis.
Name _______________________________
Date _______________
44. How is mitosis in plant cells different than in animal cells?
45. How is telophase of mitosis the reversal of prophase?
46. What is the purpose of mitosis?
47. Why is it necessary to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes by one-half?
48. Discuss how a karyotype can be used to diagnose Down syndrome.
49. Compare & contrast mitosis & meiosis.
Period ________