Supporting Information Table S1
Table S1 Select effects of megaherbivores on vegetation in modern landscapes
Effect
Alleviation of plant competitive exclusion
Maintenance of vegetation openness
Influencing nutrient cycle rates
Seed dispersal
Reducing single-species dominance (+ biodiversity)
Selective foraging ( biodiversity)
Gap production
Disturbed germination sites
Changed timing of sexual maturation
Inhibited net growth via loss of C and N stores
Changes in above- and below-ground allocation
Compensatory growth response
Slowed growth
Changes in community composition
Induced defenses
Plastic growth response
Altered nutrient cycles
Reductions in litter quantity and quality
Reference
Edenius et al. (1993)
Olofsson et al. (2004)
Ritchie et al. (1998)
Janzen (1983)
Parker et al. (2006)
Anderson & Katz (1993)
Bullock et al. (1994)
Hobbs (2006)
West (2012)
Bakker et al. (2006)
Holland et al. (1996)
Rooke (2004)
Roth (1996)
Fahnestock & Knapp (1994)
Hanley (2007)
Hester et al. (2006)
Cech et al. (2010)
Pastor & Naiman (1992)
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