General Chemistry Midterm Study Guide
Unit 1: Intro to Chemistry
1. Definition of organic chemistry- study of carbon containing compounds
2. Know the names of the 6 areas of chemistry- biochemistry, physical , analytical, organic,
inorganic, theoretical
3. Definition of chemistry- the study of matter and its changes
Unit 2: Atomic Structure
1. Why are atoms electrically neutral? # protons = # electrons
2. An atom of Bromine (Br) has an atomic mass of 80. How many neutrons does it have?
80- 35 = 45
mass - #protons = # neutrons
3. How many electrons does an atom of phosphorus (P) have? # electrons = # protons, 15
4. What two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus? Protons and neutrons
5. Isotopes of the same element contain the same number of protons and different numbers of
___neutrons_____________________.
6. What is the hyphen notation for Chlorine (Cl) with a mass number of 35? Cl-35
7. How many protons does an atom of Magnesium (Mg) contain? 12, atomic # = # protons
8. What two subatomic particles make up the mass number of an atom? Protons and neutrons
9. What happens to the number of protons in an atom as the mass number of the isotopes of that
atom increases? Stays the same, isotopes have the same number of protons and different
numbers of neutrons (therefore, different mass number)
10. What part of an atom makes up most of its volume? Electron cloud
Unit 3: Quantum Mechanics
1. Oxygen’s electron configuration is 1s22s22p4. How many electrons does oxygen have? 8
2. What element has the electron configuration of 1s22s22p63s23p3? phosphorus
3. What atomic sublevel comes after 4s? 3d
4. What quantum number indicates the orientation of the electron orbital in space? magnetic
5. What is Hund’s rule? Each orbital receives 1 electron before 2 electrons can be placed in an
orbital
6. What does the principal quantum number indicate? The energy level of the electron
7. Given the quantum numbers, 3 2 0 ½ , identify the correct electron (arrow).
8. What element has the noble gas configuration [Ne] 3s23p5? Chlorine, Cl
9. What type of orbital looks like a spherical electron cloud? s orbital
10. Identify the 4 digit quantum number of the circled electron (arrow) d
11. What is the Aufbau principle? Electrons occupy the lowest available energy level
12. The electron configuration of Nitrogen is 1s22s22p3. How many valence electrons (electrons in
the outermost orbit) does it have? 5
13. What is the only difference between a 1s and a 2s orbital? 2s is at a higher energy level
14. The electron configuration of Phosphorus is 1s22s22p63s23p3. How many more electrons does it
need to satisfy the octet rule? 3
15. What is the electron configuration for Arsenic (As)? 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p3
Unit 4: Periodic Table
1. What happens as you move across a row (atomic number increases) to the atomic radius?
decreases
2. What are the main characteristics of metals? Metallic luster (shiny), great conductors, hard,
react with acid, malleable, ductile
3. What happens to the electronegativity of atoms as you move across a row (left to right)?
increases
4. What is the most reactive nonmetal? Fluorine
5. Know where the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, all metals, nonmetals,
and metalloids are located on the periodic table.
6. What are the main characteristics of nonmetals? Brittle, poor conductors, do not react with
acid, dull
7. What are the vertical columns called? Group/family
8. As you move down a family, what happens to the atomic radius? increases
9. What is the most reactive metal? Francium, Fr
Unit 5: Bonding and Naming
1. What type of bond does FeZn form? Metallic, both metals
2. In a compound, the sum of the cation and anion charges will be ____0_____?
3. What type of bond forms between a cation (metal) and anion (nonmetal)? ionic
4. What is a negative ion called? anion
5. What type of bond shares electrons? covalent
6. A nonmetal + a nonmetal forms what type of bond? covalent
7. What type of bond transfers electrons from one atom to another? ionic
8. What oxidation number (charge) does calcium form? +2
9. What is the formula for boron perphosphate? B(PO5)
10. What is the formula for Magnesium chloride? MgCl2
11. What is the name for CI4? Carbon tetraiodide
12. What compound is formed from K and CO3? K2CO3
13. Name the compound Cu3N2? Copper (II) nitride
14. What is the formula for lead (II) sulfite? PbSO3
15. What is the formula for diphosphorus trisulfide? P2S3
16. What is the name for C3O6? tricarbon hexoxide
17. Name the compound SiS2? silicon disulfide
Unit 6: Lewis Structures and VESPR models
1. What is the Lewis structure for SiCl4?
2. How many double bonds are in the Lewis structure for hydrogen Fluoride, HF? none
3. What information do you need in order to draw a Lewis structure? Number of valence
electrons in each atom
4. How many bonds does aluminum make? 3
5. How many bonds will a halogen make? 1
6. What is the Lewis structure for hydrogen bromide, HBr?
7. Valence electrons on the _central_ atom are the only electrons that determine the VSEPR shape.
8. What shape would the following molecules have:
a. CCl4 Tetrahedryl
b. BF3 Trigonal Planar
c. H2O Tetrahedryl (Bent)
d. PBr5 Trigonal Bipryramidal
e. BaF2 No shape, it is an ionic compound
9. Know what the shapes look like for linear, trigonal planar bent, tetrahedral bent, tetrahedral, and
octahedral
Unit 7: Organic Chemistry
1. Know the prefixes (meth, eth, prop, ect.).
2. What is the name for hydrocarbons with triple bonds? alkyne
3. Draw 3-methyl hexane.
4. Name this compound: C – C – C – C = C
pentene
5. What atom is at the center of their structure for amines? nitrogen
6. Name this compound:
1-bromo, 1-fluoro ethane
7. Draw ethene. C=C
8. Draw 3-ethyl pentane.
9. Draw 1,3- dibutene.
10. What is the name for an aromatic hydrocarbon that has alternating double bonds and 6 carbons
in a ring? benzene
11. What name is used when benzene is a branch? phenyl
12. Draw 2-butanone.
13. Draw dimethyl ether.
14. Draw 2-propanone. What type of functional group does this structure contain? Carbonyl, C=O
15. Draw 1-ethylcyclopentane.
16. Draw 1-methylcyclohexane.
17. What functional group has an OH? alcohol
18. What functional group has a carbonyl (C = O) on the ends only? aldehyde
19. Draw propanal.
20. Draw trimethyl amine.
21. What is the name of the parent chain when benzene is the parent in an ester? benzoate
22. Draw methyl propanoate.