1 CCJ1191 HUMAN BEHAVIOR DR. ELIZABETH BUCHHOLZ SERIAL MURDERERS & THEIR VICTIMS CHAPTER 5: Sexual Predators, Paraphilia, and Murder Learning Objectives To explore the differences between sex offenders and sexual predators To examine the spectrum of criminal paraphilia that can contribute to escalation in sex crimes To be able to distinguish between non-violent and violent paraphilia To understand the role of Relational Paraphilic Attachment in sexual fantasy development and specific types of sex crimes To evaluate the current research on female sex offenders and public perception of women who commit sex offenses To objectively consider the current research, myths, and facts on clergy who abuse children To evaluate the cases of sexual predators presented in this chapter as examples of progressive sex crimes. Which cases have paraphilic themes? Do all sex offenders present a danger to society? It depends… There are many variables Fantasy development Types of victims selected Opportunity to commit sex crimes Level of psychopathy Development of paraphilic behaviors All pose “some” level of risk Varies depending on criminal history and amenability to treatment In 2008 Iowa spent nearly $7 million to confine 80 offenders, almost double 2005's $3.6 million budget for 48 patients. Professor W. Lawrence Fitch, University of Maryland School of Law, found that treatment lowers their risk of committing more sex crimes only slightly, less than 20 percent. Sates without civil commitment for sex offenders tend to focus on controlling behavior more than psychology. Colorado, for example, manages them through intensive supervision, lie-detector tests, tracking devices and counseling. June 16, 2010, Troy Ray watches television in his room, inside the Civil Commitment Unit for Sexual Offenders (CCUSO) unit that is part of the Cherokee Mental Health Institute in Cherokee, Iowa. Sex Offender—Sexual Predator Continuum Sex Offenders 2 Commit one crime Have one victim Prey on family member Non-progressive in sexually acting out Do not pose threat to general community Are non-psychopathic Capable of forming healthy emotional attachments Are non-paraphilic Sexual predators Commit multiple sex crimes Prey on multiple victims Have both stranger and/or familial victims Progressively sexually exploitative Pose a threat to the general community Exhibit psychopathic traits Have multiple paraphilia Seldom are amenable to treatment Highly recidivistic Charles Albright “Eyeball Killer, Dallas Ripper and Dallas Slasher” Serial killer from Dallas, Texas, convicted of killing three women in 1990-1991 See p. 148 Charles Albright The Texas Eyeball Serial Killer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21LwMzJOnIY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EIdITiBdEs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tE7fNjFaOdE Sexual Homicides and Paraphilia Rape Murderers Kill victims out of fear and to silence them Lust Murderers Harbor deep-seated fantasies Serial murder now has multiple categories that include both expressive homicides such as sexual killings or hate crimes and instrumental homicides or those more likely carried out for financial gain, which provides a much broader framework in which to study serial killing. Number of Serial Sexual Killer 1872-2008 PARAPHILIA SEXUAL AROUSAL OR SEXUAL GRATIFICATION THROUGH UNUSUAL FANTASIES AND/OR BEHAVIORS Paraphilia The DSM-IV describes three general classifications: 1. Preference for the use of a non-human object for sexual arousal 3 2. Repetitive sexual activity with humans that involves real or simulated suffering or humiliation 3. Repetitive sexual activity with non-consenting partners Paraphilia Para = beyond, amiss, altered Philia = love [Greek] Common almost exclusively to males Sexual arousal through deviant or bizarre images or activities Paraphilia Continuum Autoerotic asphyxia Dressing up in costumes Urge to use pornography while having sexual relations Voyeurism Bestiality (buggery) Cannibalism Comorbidity in Paraphilia Bradford, Boulet, and Pawlak (1992) found a co-occurrence of paraphilic behaviors in a sample of 443 men undergoing forensic assessment. Paraphilia Paraphilia have three components: ETIOLOGY FANTASY BEHAVIOR NON-CRIMINAL: SOLO or PARTNER-RELATED CRIMINAL: SOLO or PARTNER- RELATED See the Doctor Rapist profile. Can you identify his paraphilia? (p. 154) Paraphilia Common mostly to males, paraphilia involves sexual arousal through deviant or bizarre images and/or activities. See Armin Meiwes profile (p. 155). Can you identify the types of aberrant sexual behaviors and fantasies employed by him? Many paraphilia are not criminal but may develop into criminal acts. See An Auto Erotic Death profile (p. 156). Do you think, given his various paraphilia, that he may have progressed to criminal paraphilia? Armin Meiwes The German Cannibal Claims victim consented to be murdered and eaten, 2003. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bFze7vZYLE Factors in Paraphilia Sarason and Sarason have 5 explanations for paraphilia: 1. Psychodynamic A manifestation of unresolved conflicts during psychosexual development 4 2. Behavioral ▪ Developed through conditioning, modeling, reinforcement, punishment, and rewards Factors in Paraphilia 3. Cognitive Paraphilia become substitutes for appropriate social and sexual functioning or the inability to develop satisfying marital relationships 4. Biological Heredity, prenatal hormone environment, and factors contributing to gender identity 5. Interactional A process that results from psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and chromosomal abnormalities Paraphilic Behavior Common to Serial Offenders Fantasy is a key component in facilitating these behaviors. Animal Torture Stabbing or chopping animals to death, especially cats, and dissecting them. Anthropophagy Eating the victim’s flesh or slicing off parts of flesh from the body. Autoeroticism Sexual arousal and gratification through self-stimulation. ▪ Erotic asphyxiation (scarfing) ▪ Aqua-erotic asphyxiation Coprophilia An interest in feces Exhibitionism Deliberate exposing of one’s genitals (usually male) to an unsuspecting stranger. Fetishisms Finding sexual gratification by substituting objects for the sexual partner. Bruce Allen Lyons Riverside, CA "Underwear Bandit” robbed 21 businesses and forced women employees to give him their panties . Gerontophilia Seeking out elderly persons of the opposite sex for sexual purposes. Klismaphilia Sexual arousal through the administration of enemas. Infibulation Self-torture. Lust Murder or Erotophonophilia The acting out of sadistic behaviors in the course of brutally torturing and murdering their victims. Murdering sadistically and brutally, including the mutilation of body parts, especially the genitalia. Necrophilia Having sexual relations with dead bodies. Necrofitishism 5 Having a fetish for dead bodies. (Dahmer) Pygmalionism Sexual involvement of a person with dolls or mannequins. Necrophilia Genuine Necrophiles People with persistent urges to have sex with corpses Necrophilic fantasies ▪ Those who only fantasize about having sex with a corpse but make no contact ▪ Usually have a living partner who may accommodate the fantasy Necrophilia Genuine Necrophiles Regular necrophilia ▪ Persons who use corpses for their personal sexual gratification ▪ Most offenders work in morgues or mortuaries , as hospital orderlies, emergency medical technicians, or gravediggers Necrophile homicide Killing others in order to obtain their bodies for sexual purposes. Usually become serial killers (Kemper, Dahmer, Gein) Necrophilia Pseudo-necrophilia Sex act is not the result of prior sexual fantasy or a primary motive for killing Sex acts with corpses occur during violent assaults on a living person ▪ During a frenzied attack where victim is brutally killed Pedophilia Having a sexual preference for children. Female Sex Offenders Sarrel and Masters Forced assault Baby sitter abuse Incestuous abuse Dominant woman abuse Female Sex Offenders Mathews Teacher-lovers ▪ No remorse ▪ Believe they are doing no harm and are actually “helping” the student Predisposed child molesters ▪ No history of personal abuse and substance abuse ▪ Act alone looking for emotional intimacy Female Sex Offenders Mathews Male-coerced sexual offenders ▪ Assist men in preying upon minors, including their own children ▪ History of abuse Experimenter-exploiter ▪ Tend to be 16 or younger 6 ▪ Often select a young male under the age of 6 Psychologically disturbed ▪ Offender is afflicted with uncontrollable libidinal impulses Cultural Bias Carlson Found a significant difference in peoples’ opinions regarding male and female sex offenders ▪ Opinions influenced by culture, religion, nationality, gender, race, age, education, and socio-economic status Common Female Offender Characteristics Most abused children Most co-offend with a male co-offender Most exhibited mental problems Many had been sexually abused themselves Pedophile Typologies Range in aggression from very passive to extremely violent Pedophiles Seek relationships with children Prefer their company Socially, emotionally, and sexually attracted to them Do not see themselves as predators, but as people with a different sexual orientation over which they have “no choice” Pedophile Typologies Believe children can and do give their consent for sexual contact Seldom marry Are not sexually attracted to other adults Often marry to gain access to the spouse’s children “Groom” Gain trust and support of young victims Are drawn to careers that afford them access to children Teachers Priests pastors Coaches ▪ Youth group leaders. Child Molesters Also drawn to children Differ behaviorally, cognitively, emotionally from typical pedophiles Often marry Have sexual relations with their spouse Produce offspring May molest their own children and/or cross over and molest other children Are not necessarily drawn to professions that give them access to children Are opportunistic Understand they are exploiting children 7 Jerry Sandusky Penn State Coach 2012 Sandusky described his behavior with young boys as “horsing around.” "I could say that I have done some of those things. I have horsed around with kids. I have showered after workouts. I have hugged them and I have touched their legs without intent of sexual contact," said Sandusky. Bob Costas asked Sandusky if he would concede any wrongdoing, Sandusky replied, "I shouldn't have showered with those kids." Child Molesters Extreme cases abduct, rape, and kill child victims Each year in U.S., about 150 children are abducted, sexually assaulted, and killed by sexual predators Pedophile Organizations Flourish on the Internet North American Man/Boy Love Association (NAMBLA) Thousands of members Primarily composed of homosexuals who prefer sex with young boys Well organized, offices in several major cities Rene Guyon Society “Sex Before Eight or Else It’s Too Late” Pederasty Having anal intercourse with children Common among serial killers who target children Sometimes use “instruments” to sodomize (baseball bats shaped in the form of a penis) Jacob Erwin Wetterling, 11 February 17, 1978-October 22, 1989 (abducted) St. Joseph, Minnesota Jacob Wetterling Act In 1994, the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act was passed in his honor. (The Jacob Wetterling Act). ▪ The act required that states create sex offender registries within three years or lose 10% of their funding under the Edward Byrne Memorial Program. It was the first law to institute a state sex offender registry. The law has been amended a few times, most famously by Megan's Law in 1996. Megan Nicole Kanka, 7 December 7, 1986-July 23, 1994 Jesse K. Timmendequas, 33 Megan’s Law In 1996 Congress passed a federal law mandating state community notification programs. Megan's Law, section (e) of the Wetterling Act, requires all states to conduct community notification, but does not set out specific forms and methods, other than requiring the 8 creation of Internet sites containing state sex-offender information. Beyond that requirement, states are given broad discretion in creating their own policies. Megan’s Law Megan's Law provides two major information services to the public: Sex offender registration and community notification. Jimmy Ryce, 10 September 26, 1985-September 11, 1995 Miami, FL “Do you want to die?” “Don't forget Jimmy Ryce and the children he represents, who want to grow up without being molested!” The Jimmy Ryce Center for Victims of Predatory Abduction The Jimmy Ryce Involuntary Civil Commitment for Sexually Violent Predators’ Treatment and Care Act The Act defines certain sex offenders—“sexually violent predators”—as having a mental abnormality Seeks to have these offenders involuntarily and indefinitely committed to an appropriate “secure facility” for treatment, but only after the offenders have already served their criminal sentences in jail It applies only to persons who have already been convicted of a sexually violent crime Jessica Lunsford, 9 Homosassa, Florida February 23, 2005 Defense strategy? What impact could his behavior have on the jury? Correctional officers testified Couey spent much of his days drawing and shading with the colored pencils. But they also told jurors that he liked to read the newspaper, Bible, and work on Sudoku puzzles, a complicated mathematical game. Jessica Lunsford Act Revises sexual predator criteria; Requires twice yearly reregistration by sexual predators; Provides criminal offenses for failing to reregister, failing to respond to address verification, failing to report or providing false information about sexual predator, & harboring or concealing sexual predator; 3rd degree felony Requires longer prison sentences and lifetime probation; Requires electronic monitoring for certain offenders placed on conditional release supervision. Adam Walsh, 6 November 14, 1974 – July 27, 1981 Hollywood, Florida 9 Ottis Toole The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act (2006) Mandates specific registration requirements for sex offenders in all states Mandates that specified information about sex offenders must be released to the public Each state must create a publicly-accessible and searchable website that provides consistent information about the offenders in its registry Unlawful Place of Residence for Persons Convicted of Certain Sex Offenses, F.S. 794.065 Unlawful for any person convicted of certain sex offenses on/in the presence of persons under age 16 to reside within 1,000 feet of any school, daycare center, or playground. This applies to any person for offenses that occur on or after October 1, 2004. 3rd degree felony, or 1st degree misdemeanor depending upon what the person has been previously convicted of. Miami-Dade County Sexual Offender and Sexual Predator Ordinance 21-277 Unlawful for any person that has, and has been convicted of certain sex offenses on/in the presence of persons under age 16 to reside within 2,500 feet of any school. “School” means a public or private kindergarten, elementary, middle or secondary (high) school. This applies to any person who has established residency on or after November 25, 2005. Misdemeanor and civil penalties. Pornography and Obscene Material Using sexually explicit literature and photographs Only used by certain types off offenders Pyromania Intentional setting of fires on more than one occasion by a person experiencing tension or affective arousal Offenders express feelings of gratification or relief when watching fires in progress and the ensuing response Sometimes sexual gratification Fire-setting by children may be an emotional response to child abuse, drug and alcohol abuse, family violence Some serial murderers were fire-setters as children As they age, seek more controlling, focused acts of violence Rape Having forced sexual intercourse with another person The most common of all sexual behaviors among serial killers General Explanations Dussich Psychopathology of rapists Blames mentally disturbed and claims their disorders are the cause of their behavior Feminist theory Rape is a product of our culture ▪ Teaches men to be aggressive and dominant, women passive and submissive General Explanations 10 Dussich Victim precipitation Victims, to a degree, are culpable for the sexual assaults (“victim blame”) Rapes in some cultures are socially acceptable Marital rape Exchange rape ▪ Used to demonstrate solidarity or as bargaining tool Punitive rape ▪ Involves genitals for disciplinary or punitive measures General Explanations Socially acceptable (cont’d) Theft rape ▪ Abduct women for the sole purpose of use as a sexual or reproductive object Ceremonial rape ▪ Defloration rituals ▪ Virginity tests ▪ Sexual intercourse required as part of a ceremony Status rape ▪ Rank differences between persons exist, one is forced to submit Rape Typologies Tend to have histories of other criminal activities “Gateway” or “predictor” crimes highly correlated with rape ▪ Burglary ▪ Petty theft Child molesters ▪ Higher levels of psychopathy ▪ 2—10 times more likely as other offenders Fetishes Burglary most common crime involving fetishes Collect souvenirs from victim’s homes Primary or secondary motivation for the burglary Groth’s Typologies Stranger Serial Rapists Groth’s Typologies Stranger Serial Rapists Power reassurance Least violent Engages extensively in paraphilic behavior Attempt to have intimate, consensual, sexual relationships Power assertive Wish to exert their prerogative to rape women when they so desire Use moderate to excessive force Engage in sexual degradation Melvin Carter, Serial Rapist Compensatory Rapist 11 Classic power reassurance rapist Voyeur Frotteur Progressive paraphiliac Dozens of female victims in California & Colorado See the Melvin Carter profile, p. 171. Groth’s Typologies Stranger Serial Rapists Emotional Perspective Anger retaliatory Pay women back for real or imagined wrongs they have committed against them Use excessive, brutal force and are even more likely to sexually degrade their victims Anger excitation Least common Most violent stranger rapist Aroused by the fear and suffering of his vitim Frequently kill his victim in order to sense her fear and feel her dying Relational Paraphilic Attachment Marital Victim is the spouse Courtship Offender forces victim he knows into sexual relationship Confidence/Blitz Offender wins confidence of victim in order to carry out a sexual assault Stranger Attack on a victim who is a complete stranger Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC) Displaced aggression rapist (anger-retaliatory) Violent and aggressive Little or no display of sexual feeling Rape is vehicle to injure, humiliate, degrade Brutalized Often married, blue-collar job Dislike independent and assertive women History of neglect, unstable, chaotic, single-family home Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC) Compensatory rapist (power-reassurance) Passive, introverted, non-assertive men Have no desire to use violence against the victim Want to demonstrate prowess and sexual adequacy Tend to be lonely, submissive, reserved, “nice” Fantasy world is a retreat Frequent porn shops and live in a world of fantasy Do not cope well with rejection Consider assault a “date” Stalker and plans out attack 12 Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC) Sexually aggressive rapist Believe what women really want is to be dominated, controlled, sexually assaulted, and raped Aroused from mixing violence and pain while raping victim Revels in sadism May ultimately kill victim to achieve greatest possible sexual gratification Often married with histories of infidelity, divorce History of neglect and abuse Do not handle stress and frustration well Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC) Impulsive rapist Rapes spontaneously when the opportunity presents itself ▪ Committing another crime ▪ Long history of nonsexual crimes, rape is secondary crime ▪ Violence limited in the absence of sexual arousal Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC) Four Motivations: MTC:R3 Opportunistic Pervasively angry Sexual Vindictive Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC) Nine subtypes: Opportunistic with low social competence Opportunistic with high social competence Pervasively angry Overt sadistic Muted sadistic Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC) Nine subtypes (cont’d): Sexualized, nonsadistic with high social competence Sexualized, nonsadistic with low social competence Vindictive offender with low social competence Vindictive offender with moderate social competence Sadism and Masochism Sadism: Inflicting mental/physical pain on others. Considered a sexual disorder. Innate desire to humiliate, hurt, wound, destroy others to create sexual pleasure. Masochism: Inflicting mental/physical pain on oneself. Not common with serial killers. Whippings, beatings, electrical shocks, piercing, cutting Sadism and Masochism Sadomasochism 13 Primarily home-based industry Involves consent Includes dominance and submission, role playing, consensuality, sexual context Sadism and Masochism Sadomasochism Sex crimes ▪ Consent given under duress Cruelty to a child, neglect and child abuse can facilitate paraphilic development Offender’s tendencies developed in childhood ▪ Subjected to spanking or physical abuse ▪ May inadvertently eroticize the suffering to internalize the discipline Scatologia Sexual gratification through the making of obscene phone calls Scopophilia (Voyeurism) Receiving sexual gratification by peeping through windows/watching people Troilism ▪ Sexual arousal from seeing oneself in sex scenes ▪ Sharing a sexual partner with another person Somnophilia Sexual arousal while watching a person sleep Often a precursor to sexual assault and rape UNDERSTANDING RELATIONAL PARAPHILIC ATTACHMENTS (RPA) IN CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR RPA Nonconsensual sexual relationships Borne in fantasy and explored in sexually deviant behavior Acted out in paraphilic behaviors Frotteur ▪ Reaches out and “touches” a victim without her consent Voyeur ▪ Sees and fantasizes about the person to whom he is attracted Exhibitionist Wants to be seen, and exposes himself to his victims Fantasy Critical to acting out Often expressed in talk with others Sometimes expressed in writings Contains anger, rage and a desire for revenge Relationships are fantasized See The Night Caller and The Stroker profiles p. 175/176 Case Study Fantasy 14 Sexual predators who engage in paraphilic behavior often form sexual attachments to their victims. Sex becomes an expression of control, both tangible and intangible. Sexual attachments are explored both in fantasy and behavior. Men with paraphilia develop sexual relationships with their victims who have been fantasized about and then victimized . Case Study Attack paraphilia Sexual violence involving other Preparatory paraphilia Part of the lust killer’s sexual fantasies and activities Process of sexual fantasy development ▪ Stealing items from victim ▪ Burglary Paraphilic process ▪ Escalating, progressive behavior Preparatory Paraphilia TYPES Voyeurs Exhibitionists Frotteurs Fetishism Necrophiles Gerontophiliacs Hebephiliacs Hyphephiliacs Kleptolagniacs Retifism Scatophiliacs Somnophiliacs ACTIVITIES Stalking/Peeping Genital Exposure to Strangers Sexual Contact w/Strangers Burglary, Stealing, Murder… Prostitution, Graves, Mortuaries Stalking, Burglary, (progressive) Age-focused Predators Hair, Fur, Leather, Skin: Stealing, Assaults, Burglaries, Robberies Stealing Stealing, Burglaries Obscene Phone Calls Hot Burglaries (very progressive) 15 Case Study EVERY SEXUAL PREDATOR LEAVES PARAPHILIC FOOTPRINTS See the Banana Man profile. p. 182 Is this man dangerous? Attack Paraphilia TYPE Amokoscisiacs Anthropophagolagniacs Biastophiliacs Dippoldism Erotophonophilia Pedophilia Pyromania Sadism ACTIVITIES Rape & Cannibalism Mutilation of Women Violent assaulting Corporal Punishment of Children Dacnolagnomania; Lust Murder Manipulating, grooming Fire-setting Injuring others Case Study Burgess et al.’s Motivational Model Formative Events in Childhood and Adolescence Three salient factors are correlated to individuals who become sexual predators 1. Traumatic events Non-normative events: Psychological/physical/sexual abuse Normative events: Illness, divorce, death Burgess et al.’s Motivational Model 2. Developmental failure An unhealthy, negative or dysfunctional relationship between the child and the primary caregiver Negative social attachment (bond) 3. Interpersonal breakdown Deviant parental models Lack of prosocial involvement by caretaker Courtship Disorder Money; Freund and Watson Attempts to develop fantasized relationships with other persons Voyeurism 16 Frotteurism Exhibitionism Somnophilia Primary & Secondary Paraphilia Primary A specific paraphilia which dominates the sexual fantasies and criminal activities of the offender Courtship disorders Secondary Non-dominant behavior of the offender Collateral paraphilias May serve to enhance the overall sexual experience of the primary and secondary paraphilias, including the sexualization of props or weapons Case Study LUST KILLERS Sexual homicide Rape killings Sexual lust killing Killings after a sexual act in order to destroy evidence Sexual serial killers tend to either kill after a rape or be involved in lust murders Tend to seek out strangers for victims Prostitutes Hitchhikers Students Robert L. Yates Spokane, WA Father of 5 Murdered 13 women 1975-2000 Raped Shot in the head Was a correctional officer, helicopter pilot, National Guardsman Solid, loving home Serial killers also seek out victims who do not perceive themselves to be at risk Beaches Shopping malls Walking home alone or at night Victim does not feel a need to be on guard Lust Killers Sexual acts and associations are both overtly and subtly interwoven into their assaults. Primary motive is not necessarily sexual arousal and gratification. Use sexual acts as a vehicle to gain control, maintain power, and degrade and inflict pain on the victim. Lust Killers (cont’d) 17 DSM-IV Erotophonophilia or Dacnolagnomania ▪ Sadistic murder involving sexual arousal and gratification as part of the killing ▪ Extreme need for control. ▪ Postmortem acts of mutilation and desecration. ▪ Repeated and prolonged acts of sexual sadism and torture ▪ Necrophilia. ▪ Fear of rejection in some cases as so powerful, offender would have sex with the victim only after she had died. Lust Killers and Fantasy Prentky Offenders commonly daydream about causing bodily harm through sadism and other forms of sexual violence. Offenders then attempt to replicate the fantasies. Each new murder provides new fantasies that fuel future homicides. Fantasy Continuum Lust Killers and Fantasy (cont’d) Fantasies appear to involve violence, often sexual in nature. The victim is totally controlled mentally and physically by the offender. The purpose of the fantasy is not the immediate destruction of another human being but total control over that person. Sexual torture becomes a tool to degrade, subjugate, and humiliate the victim. Victims often stand as proxies for traumatic evicent(s) experienced by offenders. Lust Killers and Fantasy (cont’d) Fantasies may be fueled by pornography. Facilitated by alcohol. Many express a feeling of “restoration” after killing (sense of equilibrium). Crime Scene Signatures Personal marking A unique and integral part of the an offender’s behavior that exceeds the actions needed to commit the offense Crime scene evidence offering insight to personality traits and/or behavioral patterns of the offender Signatures are products of offenders’ fantasies and behaviors M.O. & Signatures Modus Operandi (Method of Operating) Techniques to commit the crimes. Paraphilic Footprints Extensions of paraphilic fantasies that can facilitate the offender in actualizaing his fantasies M.O. & Signatures MODUS OPERANDI Techniques necessary to commit crime 18 Learned behavior based on external circumstances May intentionally change as offender gains experience/ confidence or to fool law enforcement Signature Actions beyond those necessary to commit crime Compulsion based on fantasies unique to offender Seldom changes and often evolves with each crime Signatures May Include: Verbal – exceptionally vulgar or abusive language Sexual – specific order of sexual activity; necrophilia, use of foreign objects, posing Physical – torture, bondage, mutilation Psychological– inducing fear See Cary Stayner profile, p. 198. What were his signatures? Signature Behaviors Frequently Found in Serial-Murder Investigations Aberrant sex Attacks at the face Body disposal Cannibalism Decapitation Dismemberment Mutilation Necrophilia Torture Penile/object penetration Picquerism (sexual arousal from repeated stabbing of a victim) Restraints Souvenirs (photos, clothing, jewelry, newspaper clippings) Trophies (victim body parts used for sexual arousal) Weapons An essential tool of the psychopath who is a sexual predator is… distraction See the Ted Bundy Profile Harvey Glatman Serial rapist and killer who abducted women Made victims pose while he took photos Post mortem posed photos also taken Photos were souvenirs; posing bodies, his signature Related Movies Crash Sexual arousal via car crashes (Holly Hunter and James Spader) Blue Velvet Various fetishes (Dennis Hopper) Capturing The Friedmans 19 Documentary, a fathers secret of child molestation. Secretary S&M fetish (James Spader) A Clockwork Orange Gang Rape (A Stanley Kubrick classic) After Fall, Winter A movie of a tragic S&M relationship (Eric Schaffer and Lissie Bouchere) Related Websites TruTV: Ted Bundy www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/bundy/index_1.html Salon: Blood Brothers, www.salon.com/1999/07/30/steven_stayner Spiegel: 'Human Flesh Tastes Like Pork,' www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,1518,511775,00.html Sexual Assault END CHAPTER 5