表一、海生所 104 學年專題討論(一) 摘要表
IMB 104 Seminar (I) Abstract form
報告日期/Date： 2015 年/year 10 月/month
28 日/day
班別/學生姓名：海生所碩二 鄭念昀
Class/Name: Nien-Yun Cheng
題目 Title：Design of marine protected areas in a human-dominated seascape.
作者 Author(s): Fraschetti, S., D’Ambrosio, P., Micheli, F., Pizzolante, F., Bussotti, S., &
Terlizzi, A.
期刊 Journal name: Marine Ecology Progress Series
期頁數 Issue and page nos: 375 (2009)13-24
摘要 Abstract:
Conservation of the Mediterranean marine ecosystems is particularly challenging;
high biodiversity is combined with high human population densities and a long
history of resource exploitation. Residents and users of coastal areas often perceive
marine conservation and management as limiting factors to economic development.
Under these conditions, the creation of comprehensive systems of marine protected
areas (MPAs) can be problematic. We selected a stretch of coast in southern Italy as
a representative example of a Mediterranean coastline and nearshore marine
ecosystems, featuring a complex matrix of vulnerable habitats in a landscape
fragmented by multiple human activities and associated stressors. Through the use
of site-selection algorithms, we investigated how human activities constrain MPA
planning. Rather than assuming that patches of the same habitat found at different
locations are interchangeable, we considered the scenario of a heterogeneous
landscape of human impacts creating high variability in habitat quality. Despite
widespread human influence, identification of portions of habitats to be protected
from direct human disturbance as core no-take areas is still possible using the
inclusion of 10 and 30% of low and high priority habitat, respectively, in reserves as a
conservation target. Implementation of MPAs with a limited protection scheme that
also include several small no-take areas could represent a feasible strategy for the
conservation of Mediterranean coastal marine habitats. Moreover, MPAs could be
combined with coastal zoning of activities as a means of further controlling effects
over broader areas and allowing for recovery of degraded areas. Site-selection
algorithms are invaluable tools for conservation planning. However, careful
consideration of the potential constraints imposed by local human activities and
future research aimed at filling existing gaps in understanding the ecology are crucial
for making this approach useful in marine conservation planning.
KEY WORDS: Marine protected areas · Human impacts and constraints ·
Biodiversity · MARXAN ·Mediterranean Sea · Site-selection algorithms · Marine
seascapes · MPA networks
班別/學生姓名：
Class/Name:
題目 Title：Marxan with Zones: software for optimal conservation based land-and
sea-use zoning.
作者 Author(s): Watts, M. E., Ball, I. R., Stewart, R. S., Klein, C. J., Wilson, K.,
Steinback, C., ... & Possingham, H. P.
期刊 Journal name: Environmental Modelling & Software
期頁數 Issue and page nos: 24.12 (2009): 1513-1521
摘要 Abstract:
Marxan is the most widely used conservation planning software in the world and is
designed for solving complex conservation planning problems in landscapes and
seascapes. In this paper we describe a substantial extension of Marxan called
Marxan with Zones, a decision support tool that provides landuse zoning options in
geographical regions for biodiversity conservation. We describe new functions
designed to enhance the original Marxan software and expand on its utility as a
decision support tool. The major new element in the decision problem is allowing
any parcel of land or sea to be allocated to a specific zone, not just reserved or
unreserved. Each zone then has the option of its own actions, objectives and
constraints, with the flexibility to define the contribution of each zone to achieve
targets for pre-specified features (e.g. species or habitats). The objective is to
minimize the total cost of implementing the zoning plan while ensuring a variety of
conservation and land-use objectives are achieved. We outline the capabilities,
limitations and additional data requirements of this new software and perform a
comparison with the original version of Marxan. We feature a number of case
studies to demonstrate the functionality of the software and highlight its flexibility
to address a range of complex spatial planning problems. These studies demonstrate
the design of multiple-use marine parks in both Western Australia and California,
and the zoning of forest use in East Kalimantan.