Heidi Stevenson and Jenna Goldsnider
November 9, 2012
Chemistry-Alkire
Solubility Lab
Statement of Problem and Hypothesis
In this lab the tests performed were to see if each substance combined with the liquid was
considered to be soluble or not. When the amount of solute is too little for the solvent the
mixture is considered to be unsaturated. But on the other hand, if the solute exceeds the solvent
to the point where the solute precipitates out that is considered to be supersaturated. When the
right amount of solute is added to the right amount of solvent that is saturated.
Hypothesis:
Corn Oil
Ethanol
Distilled
Water
Sodium
Chloride
IS
SS
S
Urea
IS
SS
S
Ammonium
Chloride
S
SS
IS
Iodine
S
SS
IS
Copper (II)
Sulfate
IS
SS
S
Nathaline
S
SS
IS
Experimental Design
1. Take 20 drops of corn oil and put it into 6 different wells
2. In each well put 1 crystal of each solute; urea, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride,
iodine, copper (II) sulfate and nathaline
3. Depending on each of the wells physical appearance record in your data table whether
each of the wells contain a super saturated, saturated, or unsaturated mixture (SS,S, IS)
4. Take 20 drops of ethanol and put it into 6 different wells
5. In each well put 1 crystal of each solute; urea, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride,
iodine, copper (II) sulfate and nathaline
6. Depending on each of the wells physical appearance record in your data table whether
each of the wells contain a super saturated, saturated, or unsaturated mixture (SS,S, IS)
7. Take 20 drops of distilled water and put it into 6 different wells
8. In each well put 1 crystal of each solute; urea, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride,
iodine, copper (II) sulfate and nathaline
9. Depending on each of the wells physical appearance record in your data table whether
each of the wells contain a super saturated, saturated, or unsaturated mixture (SS,S, IS)
Safety:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Wear goggles at all times during the lab.
Use a lab apron to cover up the clothes you are wearing.
Do not have baggy sleeves during the experiment
Have your hair tied back if it is should length or longer
You must wear closed toed shoes in the lab area
Be aware of all exits out of the room in case of fire
Do not cross contaminate any solutions
Data and Observation
Corn Oil
Ethanol
Distilled
Water
Sodium
Chloride
IS
IS
S
Urea
IS
IS
S
Ammonium
Chloride
IS
IS
IS
Iodine
S
SS
IS
Copper (II)
Sulfate
IS
IS
IS
Nathaline
IS
SS
IS
Conclusion
Our hypothesis in the end was proven to have its faults but was overall correct. We mainly did
not have an understanding on ethanol since we thought it was going to be slightly soluble no
matter what instead of insoluble on occasions. Our data can be considered reliable considering
there was no cross contamination or other tampering that could result in unreliable results.
Improvements to the experiment could include testing each solute twice to confirm the accuracy
when dealing with the solvents.
Heidi Stevenson
Questions:
1. Corn oil is not very likely to be dissolved in the river because like dissolves like and an oil
does not mix well with water.
2. While glancing over some of the lab partners around our lab station I came to the conclusion
that most of our answers if not all were matched up for the most part.
3
a. When the solute that is placed in water is considered to be soluble in most cases the
same solute placed in ethanol would be considered to be insoluble, and vice versa.
b. Both lamp oil and ethanol serve a purpose for heat combustion and are both nonpolar.
4
a. There were 7 solubility observations that we found were to be unexpected.
b. For the hypothesis we thought that corn oil and Ammonium
Chloride as well as Napthaline would be soluble but in reality bother were considered to
be insoluble. For ethanol when mixed with Sodium Chloride, Urea, Ammonium
Chloride, and Copper (II) Sulfate we predicted that the substance would be considered to
slightly soluble. After the lab was completed we realized that instead of being slightly
soluble they were insoluble. When distilled water and Copper (II) Sulfate are mixed we
thought it would be soluble when it really was insoluble.
5. All of the ethanol based mixtures were either slightly soluble or insoluble, there was no just
plain soluble. With corn oil as well as distilled water it was always insoluble or soluble, never
considered to be slightly soluble.
6
a.
Hexane
b.
7
Ethylene
Glycol
a.
Sodium
Chloride
Ionic (not a
covalent
bond)
Sodium
Chloride
S
Sodium
Chloride
IS
Urea
Polar (soluble
in water)
Urea
S
Urea
IS
Ammonium
Chloride
IS
Iodine
IS
Ammonium
Chloride
IS
Ammonium
Chloride
Polar (soluble
in water)
Iodine
Iodine
Non polar
(doesn’t
dissolve in
water)
IS
Copper (II)
Sulfate
IS
Nathaline
IS
Copper (II)
Sulfate
IS
Copper (II)
Sulfate
Non polar
(doesn’t
dissolve in
water)
Nathaline
SS
Nathaline
Non polar
(doesn’t
dissolve in
water)
b. When a solute does not dissolve in water then it is considered to be polar, but if it
doesn’t then it is considered to be nonpolar.
8. The rule ‘like dissolves like’ is useful when predicting solubility on most occasions. For
example whether the substance is polar or nonpolar can decide whether or not the substance will
be soluble or insoluble.
9
a. Water can be both a solute and a solvent. Water is considered to be a solvent when
there are other elements being added to it. But on the other hand when water is the thing
being added to something else it is a solute.
b. With a substance you can usually tell whether it is a solute or a solvent because the
solvent is usually the liquid which dissolves the solvent.