Midterm Review
Name ________________________
The Midterm will include material covered in Chapters 1, 18, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11.
Study your notes packets & use your guidelines sheet to help you!
Chapter 1 Introduction to Biology
1. Scientists investigate the world by designing experiments. The variable that changes in the
experiment is called the (dependent/independent) variable.
2. A ______________is a prediction a scientist makes to explain an observation.
3. An Ecologist study how organisms interact with the _______________
4. This is the study of inheritance___________________(genetics, microbiology)
5. What are the 7 characteristics of life?
____________________________________________________________
6. Organisms _________________ to their environment
7. The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism is called________________
8. An organism’s ability to maintain its internal conditions regardless of external
changes_______________________________
9. All organisms are made of cells. Unicellular organisms have one cell while
_______________organism have many.
Chapter 18 Classification
10. This individual designed our current system of classification
______________________(Hook/Linnaeus)
11. The practice of naming and classifying organisms is called _______________
12. The 3 largest groups into which biologists classify organisms are called
____________________(domain/kingdom/phylum/species)
13. The scientific name of an organism includes its ___________and ____________
which is known as the system of binomial nomenclature.
14. Prokaryotic organisms are commonly referred to as _________________(Bacteria, Protista)
15. Humans belong to the Domain Eukarya and the kingdom___________________
16. The system known as Cladisitics classify organisms on the basis of shared _______
17. What are the 8 basic levels of modern classification (kpcofgs)
_____________________________________________________________
Chapter 3 Chemistry of Life
18. The ______________ are found in the outer energy levels of the atom
19. ___________ and ____________ are found in the nucleus of an atom.
20. A charged atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an_____.
21. In an ionic bond electrons are ________and in a covalent bond electrons are
_____________________(shared/ donated or accepted)
22. If oxygen has an atomic number of 8, and an atomic mass of 16, how many protons, neutrons,
and electrons does it have? ______
_______ ______
23. What are the partial charges on the atoms in a water molecule? O____, H___
24. Molecules with partial charges on them are said to be (polar, non-polar)
25. Bleach has a pH of 13. (Acid, base or neutral)
26. The body’s first energy source- (Carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins)
27. A protein is a polymer of ____________ acids. (nucleic, amino)
28. ___________________ are polymers of fatty acids (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates)
29. ___________________ is the carbohydrate used by your body for energy
30. These lipids make up the majority of the plasma membrane ________________
31. What is the name of the energy-carrying molecule made in mitochondria?______
32. Name the carbohydrate made by autotrophs that is the common form of stored chemical
energy_______________________(glucose, ATP)
33. This is the sugar in DNA ____________________(ribose, deoxyribose)
34. A Nucleic acid like DNA or RNA is a polymer of (nucleotides, amino acids)
35. Lactase is this type of protein ________________(enzyme, hormone)
36. Lactose is a type of _____________________(carbohydrate, protein)
Chapter 7 Cells
37. In a cell the fluid component or cytosol contains organelles, together we call this a cell’s
___________________________(cytoplasm, cell membrane)
38. This scientist was the first to identify and name cells_______, this one found plants are made of
cells,_________, this one found animals are made of cells,_________, and this one said all cells
come from preexisting cells__________. (Hook, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow)
39. Organisms that have no nucleus are called ________________those that have a nucleus are
called __________________ (prokaryote, eukaryote)
40. These organelles photosynthesize for a plant cell?(chloroplast, mitochondria)
41. This organelle generates ATP for all* cells? (chloroplast, mitochondria)
42. These structures, embedded in the plasma membrane, allow large molecules like glucose to
enter into the cell. (channel proteins, Na/K ATPase)
43. This organelle has ribosomes on top of it. It makes and transports proteins throughout the
cell ( rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum)
44. This organelle is the control center for the cell _______________________
45. This is the site of ribosome rRNA synthesis (nucleolus, Golgi Apparatus)
46. This organelle packages and exports proteins(lysozome, Golgi Apparatus)
47. Plants cells are different from animal cell in these 3 ways
Chapter 8 Cell Transport
48. This process of cell transport uses no energy- (Diffusion, Active Transport)
49. This is the process by which proteins are exported from the cell. It is a type of active
transport___________________________(endocytosis, exocytosis)
50. A cell that sits in salt water is in a ( hypertonic/ hypotonic/ isotonic)solution
51. This is the diffusion of water into/out of the cell__________________
52. The cell membrane is also known as the _______________bilayer
53. ___________ in the cell membrane can act as surface markers, receptors ,enzymes, and
carriers.
54. When a protein helps move a molecule across the cell membrane we call this (simple
diffusion, carrier facilitated diffusion)
55. Active transport moves molecule (up, down) the concentration gradient.
56. Vesicles are organelles that can move material into the cell in a process called
(endocytosis, transcytosis, exocytosis)
57. Receptor Proteins bind signal molecules at the receptor site which can lead to (changes
in membrane permeability, activation of enzymes, forming 2nd message, all of these)
Chapter 9 Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration
58. Photosynthesis occurs though the combination of ________ and _________ reactions
59. The Calvin Cycle is also known as the __________reaction and it produces _______
60. The light reactions occur in the (thylakoid, mitochondria),use water and makes oxygen
61. Molecules like NADH, FADH2, and NADPH are (electron transport molecules, proteins)
62. Cellular respiration is a combination of reactions the first of which is (glycolysis, Krebs Cycle)
63. The Krebs Cycle is (anaerobic, aerobic) and occurs in (photosynthesis, cell repiration)
64. Glycolysis is (anaerobic, aerobic) and has a net yield of (2ATP, 38ATP)
65. Fermentation is (anaerobic, aerobic) and has a net yield of (2ATP, 38ATP)
66. Anaerobic means no (air, oxygen) is used
67. The net result of Cellular respiration if oxygen is present is (2ATP, 38ATP)
68. Write the equation that describe Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration
Chapter 10-11 Cell Division
67. All chromosomes which are not sex chromosomes are called ______________________
68. The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself is called ______________
69. List the phases of Mitosis in order
70. If an organism has 22 chromosomes in each body cell, how many chromosomes would
you expect to find in the organism’s sex cells?
__________________________________
71. A cell which has 2 copies of each chromosome is said to be (diploid, haploid)
72. The two sex chromosomes found in a male would be _______
73. List the 5 steps of the cell cycle
74. Sex cells are also known as__________________
75. This is the number of polar bodies created at the end of Meiosis II for females_________