General Chemistry
Unit 7A (2015 - 2016)
Organic Chemistry
 Allotropes
 Isomers
 Hydrocarbons
o Alkanes
o Alkenes
o Alkynes
o Aromatics
 Alkyl Halides
1
2
3
4
Parent Chain:
Methane
CH4
Ethane
C2H6
Propane
C3H8
Butane
C4H10
Pentane
C5H12
Hexane
C6H14
Heptane
C7H16
Octane
C8H18
Nonane
C9H20
Decane
C10H22
Undecane
C11H24
Dodecane
C12H26
Branches (one less Hydrogen than Parent Chain):
all prefixes can be made into branches
Methyl
CH3
Ethyl
C2H5
5
Introduction of parent chain and branches
6
Organic Chemistry
 Hydrocarbons contain Carbon and Hydrogen only
 If all bonds on the carbons are single bondsdrocarbon
Alkanes


Have form CnH2n+2 (where n = # of carbons)
Ending of the name is “ane”
Name
Molecular
Structural Formula
Model
Formula
CnH2n+2
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
2-Methylpropane
Example 1:
3-ethylheptane
7
Example 2:
2,7-dimethylnonane
Example 3:
4-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethyloctane
Example 4:
3,3,4,4-tetraethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane
Cycloalkanes



All single bonds
Have form CnH2n
Ends of chain bond together (lose 2 hydrogens)
Examples:
8
More practice Naming Alkanes
Drawing Alkanes
9
Name ______________________________________________
Alkane Worksheet
Based on the given IUPAC name, give the structural formula for each of the following
molecules (number the carbons):
Name
Structural Formula
1.
dodecane
2.
2-methylheptane
3.
2,3,4-trimethylhexane
4.
3-methylpentane
5.
3-ethyl,2,4,4-trimethylnonane
6.
1-butyl,2,4-diethyl,3-methyl cyclobutane
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following molecules (number the carbons):
10
Name
Structural Formula
1.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
2.
CH3

CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
3.
C
C C

 
C–C–C-C–C-C
4.
C-C

C
5.
6.
C
C


C
C


C–C–C–C–C–C–C-C
C
C
C



C
C
C



C–C–C–C–C–C–C-C
11
Introduce Isomers
12
Name _____________________________________________
Draw and name the 18 isomers of Octane
Octane:
1.
Methyl heptane:
1.
2.
3.
Dimethyl hexane:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ethyl hexane:
13
1.
Trimethyl pentane:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ethyl methyl pentane:
1.
2.
Tetramethyl butane:
1.
14
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
= not all carbons have 4 single bonds
(double or triple bonds)
Alkenes


Structure contains double bonds
Have form CnH2n
Name
Molecular
Structural Formula
Model
Formula
CnH2n
Ethene
Propene
2-Butene
Drawing and naming Alkene structures:
15
More drawing and naming alkenes
Alkynes

Structure contains triple bonds
16

Have form CnH2n-2
Name
Molecular Formula
Structural Formula
CnH2n-2
Ethyne
1-Propyne
1-Butyne
Naming and drawing Alkynes:
Name ______________________________________________
Alkene Alkyne Assignment
17
Based on the given IUPAC name, give the structural formula for each of the following molecules
(number the carbons):
Name
Structural Formula
1.
3-heptene
2.
3-methyl-butyne
3.
4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexene
4.
3-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentene
5.
5-methyl-1,3-hexadiyne
6.
1,2,4-trimethyl-1-cyclopentene
7.
2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following molecules (number the carbons):
Name
Structural Formula
1.
18
C–C–C=C-C–C
2.
C

C=C–C–C-C
3.
C
C


C-C-C - C-C=C
4.
5.
6.
C
C–C-C
C
C


C
C


C -C = C–C=C-C–C
C C
 
C C C
  
CΞC-C - C-C -C≡C
19
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Mu
st contain at least one benzene ring

Naming Aromatics
20
Alkyl Halides:
 Organic compound with
 General Formula
o
o
o
o
–
–
–
–
 Naming:
o
Name as if the halogen is a branch
Examples:
21
Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne, Cyclos and Aromatic Review Sheet
Section 1: Draw the following structures:
1. 1-ethyl-2-methyl-cyclohexane
2. 2,3-dimethyl-1,5-heptadiene
3. 3-bromo-4,5-dichloro-6-iodo-undecane
4. 1-butyl-3-propyl-benzene
5. 3.3.4-trifluoro-1,6-octadiyne
6. 1-ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-cycloctadiene
7. 1-bromo-5,6-dichloro-3-fluoro-2,4-dimethyl-benzene
22
23
Date__________
Name ____________________________________ Class ______
Modern Chemistry Lab Practical
Unit on "Organic Chemistry"
I. Problem: What are some of the differences between various organic compounds? You will be given some notes and then
asked to design a model of these organic compounds including: alkanes, isomers of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes,
alcohols, organic acids, aldehydes, ketones and some nitrogen containing organic compounds.
II. Background Information: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with a formula of CnH2n+2. Isomers of alkanes would
have the same formula but different structures. Other information will be given at the beginning of each day of this
lab practical.
III. Hypothesis:
IV. Test The Hypothesis:
Materials: make certain your kit contains the following in the right location. If it does not, the previous user will be marked
at least 1 point off their next assignment grade each day there is a problem. Each day you work with the kit,
you are to sign the paper in the kit with your class numbers and date.
10 black spheres 2 blue spheres 28 yellow spheres 6 red spheres 4 green spheres 2 orange spheres 2 white spheres2 purple spheres-
carbon
\ place these on the small side of your kit
nitrogen /
hydrogen \
oxygen
\
chlorine
\ place these on the larger side
bromine
/ of your kit
fluorine /
(all colors are to be placed together)
iodine
/
30 small wooden pegs - H bonds only
\
10 large wooden pegs - other single bonds
\ place these in the
9 metal springs double or triple bonds
/ center of your kit
or stress bonds /
V. Observations: The first student lab team that has the structure correct will be initialed by the instructor and receive a
grade of 2 points out of 1 point. These students will then have their names placed on the board and will be
teaching assistants for that organic structure. They will be responsible to grade and initial the structures of
other lab teams. Each structure that is designed and named by you is worth 1 point. The following is the
grading criteria:
2 points
= graded by the instructor and perfect, this team assists in grading
1 point
= other perfect scores
0 points
= 1 or more mistakes in the structure and/or name
24
Information on Doing an “I-Search” Paper to Make-Up a Missed Organic Chem Modeling Lab:
1. An "I-Search” paper is telling the story of what you did in your search, those happenings and
facts crucial to your hunt for information on your assigned topic.
You are to write 150 words (one page) for each modeling lab you miss.
2. The paper is to be typed and divided into three parts (each section is to be titled as below):
a. What I knew before I started my search.
b. The facts I found in my search and what I learned.
c. What I found the most interesting with what I learned.
3. If your make-up paper does not answer these questions, the best score you can receive
is half credit.
25
Assignment # ____
Name ____________________________________
Class Number ______
Date ________
Name ____________________________________
Class Number ______
Kit # _______
General Chemistry Lab Practical
"Organic Chemistry"
Alkanes – Straight and Branched
(If absent - write an I-search paper describing the major uses of each of the first 10 alkanes. This must be written in the first
person. Answer the 3 questions on page 16 using the criteria of an I-Search.)
(2 points, ½ point each)
Grade/Initials
_______________ 1.
hexane
_______________ 2.
3-methylpentane
_______________ 3.
2, 4-dimethylhexane
_______________ 4.
2, 2-dimethylpentane
_______________ 1 point lost for problems with your kit
/2
_______________Total points for Straight and Branched Alkanes
26
Assignment # ____
Name ____________________________________
Class Number ________
Date ________
Name ____________________________________
Class Number ________
Kit # _______
General Chemistry Lab Practical
"Organic Chemistry"
Isomerism
(If absent - write an I-search paper on organic isomers. This must be written in the first person. Answer the 3 questions on page
16 concerning an I-Search.)
(2 points, ½ point each)
Grade/Initials: Do not use –iso or –neo. Use the naming system found in 19.4.
_______________ 1. butane isomer #1
(simple)
(0.25 point)
name _____________________________________
(0.25 point)
_______________ 2. butane isomer #2
(one branch) (0.25 point)
name _____________________________________
(0.25 point)
_______________ 3. pentane isomer #2
(one branch) (0.25 point)
name _____________________________________
(0.25 point)
_______________ 4. pentane isomer #3
(two branches) (0.25 point)
name _____________________________________
(0.25 point)
_______________ 1 point lost for problems with your kit
/ 2
_______________ Total points for Isomerism
27
Assignment # ____
Name ____________________________________
Class Number ________
Date ________
Name ____________________________________
Class Number ________
Kit # _______
General Chemistry Lab Practical
"Organic Chemistry"
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
(If absent - write an I-search paper unsaturated hydrocarbons. This must be written in the first person. Answer the 3 questions
on page 16 of your packet.)
(3 points, ½ point each)
Grade/Initials
_______________ 1.
1-butene
_______________ 2.
2-butyne
_______________ 3.
2-methylpropene
_______________ 4.
3-methylbutene
_______________ 5.
1, 3-pentadiene
_______________ 6.
4-methylpentyne
_______________ 1 point lost for problems
/ 3
_____________ Total points for Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
28
Assignment # ____
Name ____________________________________
Class Number ________
Date ________
Name ____________________________________
Class Number ________
Kit # _______
General Chemistry Lab Practical
"Organic Chemistry"
Mixed Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Alkyl Halides and Hydrocarbons
(If absent - write an I-search paper unsaturated hydrocarbons. This must be written in the first person and be 150 words.
Answer the 3 questions on page 16 of your packet concerning an I-Search.)
(3 points, ½ point each)
Grade/Initials
_______________ 1.
2-chloropropane
_______________ 2.
2-bromo-3,4 -dichloropentene
_______________ 3.
5-bromo-1- chloro-4,4-diiodo-5-methyl-2- hexyne
_______________ 4.
ethylbenzene
_______________ 5.
1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene
_______________ 6.
1,2,4-trimethylbenzene
_______________ 1 point lost for problems with your kit
/ 3
_____________ Total points for Aromatics and Alkyl Halides
29
Assignment # ____
Name ____________________________________ Class Number ________
Date ________
Name ____________________________________ Class Number ________
Kit # _______
General Chemistry Lab Practical
"Organic Chemistry"
Mixed Hydrocarbons
_______________ 1. 2, 3, 4-trimethylhexane
_______________ 2. propylcyclobutane
_______________ 3. Methylbenzene
_______________ 4. 1,1-difluoro-2-butyne
_______________ 5. 1-iodo-2-methylpropene
_______________ 6. 1, 3-pentadiene
_______________ 7. 3-bromo-1-chlorobutyne
_______________ 8. 1-chloro-2-ethyl-3fluoro-cyclohexene
/ 8
_______________ Total points for Mixed Hydrocarbons
30