Name __________________________________________ Period __________ Date _______________
Chapter 10 -- Cell Growth & Division
Cell Growth
• A cell is limited by its cell ____________________
• The ____________________the cell the ____________________it is to move through
tissue and get nutrients
• In order to stay alive and not grow continuously, the cell will
___________________
Reasons why to divide
• DNA
• Genetic information ____________________
• Found in the ____________________of the cell
• DNA would not be able to keep up with ____________________of the
cell
• Transport
• Rate ____________________ as the cell size increases
• Takes too long for ____________________ and ____________________ to
move in and out of cell
Surface Area to Volume
• Surface Area
• Area on ____________________ of cell where ____________________ can
occur
• As a cell ____________________, the surface area ____________________
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Cell Division and Reproduction
• Asexual Reproduction
• Produces ____________________ offspring from a ____________________
parent
• Used by many single-celled organisms Ex: ____________________
• Occurs very ____________________
• Sexual Reproduction
• Produces genetically ____________________ offspring from two parents
• Fusion of _____________ parent cells
Chromosomes
• Made up of our _______________
• Holds genetic ____________________
• Tight coils or rod like structures
• Organisms have a ____________________ amount of chromosomes
• Humans have ___________ chromosomes of DNA in every somatic cell
Chromosome Structure
• Histones are ____________________ that DNA wraps around to make the
chromosome shape
• Chromosomes are made of two sister ____________________
• ____________________ to each other
• ____________________ are in the center of a chromosome
• Chromosomes are tightly coiled strings of DNA called ____________________
• Chromatin is the ___________________________ form of DNA
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Chromosome Numbers
• There is a specific ____________________ of chromosomes in each organism
• Humans have ____________________ and sex chromosomes
• We have ______ sex chromosomes
• Either X or Y
• We also have _______ autosomes
• Which do not code for gender
Karyotype
• A karyotype is a ____________________ of one set of chromosomes
• Shows you sex of organism
• Shows your any chromosomal disorders
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Chromosome Numbers
• A ____________________ cell contains 2 sets of each chromosome
• Prefix di = 2
• A ____________________ cell contains only 1 set of each chromosome
• Half of the total number
• Usually sex cells
Cell Division in Prokaryotes
• Prokaryotes
• ________ nucleus
• ________ organelles
• Ex: Bacteria
• Reproduction is ________________ fast
• ______________ DNA
• Split into _____________ cells
• Cell division is called ____________________ ____________________
Eukaryotic Cell Reproduction
• Eukaryotes
• Have a ____________________
• Have ____________________
• Ex: Humans, plants
• Complex reproduction
• Everything needs to be ____________________!
• Much ____________________ process – about 18 hours!
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Cell Reproduction
• A cell splits to make 2 ____________________ copies
• If asexual reproduction
• Only 1 cell involved
• This occurs in 3 main stages
• Interphase – ____________________
• Mitosis – ____________________ of the nucleus
• Cytokinesis – Splitting of the ____________________
Interphase
• Cell ____________________
• _____________ of cell’s life is spent in interphase
• 3 Part of Interphase:
• ____________, ______________, and ____________
• Draw a stage of interphase and label the nucleus, centrioles, and cell
membrane
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G1 Phase
• The cell is ____________________
• The organelles are ____________________
S Phase
• Takes place when cells are too big
• S = ____________________ of DNA
• DNA is ____________________ so there is a set for each new cell
G2 Phase
• Cell ____________________ again
• Replication of ____________________
• Last stage of interphase
• Cell prepares for cell division
How is DNA copied?
• Each cell has an protein called ____________________
• Enzyme the ____________________ the DNA making 2 identical strands
Mitosis
• The part of a cell’s life cycle when the cell’s ____________________ divides
into 2 ____________________ ____________________
• 4 steps:
• ____________________
• ____________________
• ____________________
• ____________________
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Prophase
•
All organelles ____________________
•
____________________ separate and move to opposite pole
•
____________________ becomes chromosomes
•
Centrioles shoot off ____________________ ____________________
• Draw a cell in prophase and label appropriate parts.
Metaphase
• Chromosomes line up at the ____________________
• Draw a cell in metaphase and label appropriate parts.
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Anaphase
• Centromere ________________________________________
• Sister ____________________ attach to the short spindle fibers
• Spindle fibers shorten and bring the sister chromatids to opposite poles
• Draw a cell in anaphase and label appropriate parts.
Telophase
• Chromatids become ____________________ (one at each pole)
•
Spindle ____________________
•
Organelles ____________________
• Draw a cell in telophase and label appropriate parts.
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Cytokinesis
• Once mitosis has ____________________!
• Last stage of ____________________ ____________________
• Process is when the ____________________ splits apart
• There are now 2 identical cells
Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
• A cell ____________________ forms between the two nuclei
• The cytoplasm divides
• A cell ____________________ forms two daughter cells
• Draw a plant cell in cytokinesis and label appropriate parts.
Cytokinesis in Animal Cells
• Cell membrane ____________________ in at equator
• Cleavage ____________________
• Draw an animal cell in cytokinesis and label appropriate parts.
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Mitosis: Division of the Nucleus 4 Phases
Cells in Various Stages of the Cell Cycle
Label a cell in each stage of the cell cycle.
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Control of Cell Division
• Checkpoints (Regulatory Proteins)
• DNA repair enzymes will fix any
____________________, if checkpoint is passed ____________________ will
occur
• Mitosis checkpoint – if all is correct, the 2 daughter cells will enter G1
phase and ____________________ ____________________ again
• If a cell does not meet requirements for checkpoints, the cell will be
programmed to ____________________
• ____________________ is controlled cell death
When Control is Lost
• Enzyme proteins are not functioning ____________________ causing cell to
reproduce out of control
• Could cause ____________________
• Cancer cells do not ____________________ to body’s ____________________ that
control mechanisms
Compare/Contrast
Draw the difference between normal and cancer cells and label the cells.
Normal Cells
Cancer Cells
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