15.4 Disorders of the Respiratory Tract
1. Disorders of the Upper Respiratory Tract
a. Consists of nasal _____________, pharynx and _____________
b. Responsible for _____________ harmful materials, therefore very
susceptible to _____________ and _____________ infections
c. Infections may _____________ to middle ear or sinuses
d. The Common Cold
i. Caused mainly by mild _____________ infections of the
_____________ respiratory tract
ii. Symptoms: runny nose, sneezing, _____________ fever
iii. Most common group of viruses: _____________
iv. Usually last ____-7 days
v. _____________ do not help (caused by virus, not bacteria)
e. Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Laryngitis
i. Pharyngitis
1. _____________ of throat
2. Strep throat caused by _________________ pyogenes
bacterium
a. Sore _____________, high fever,
_____________patches on a dark red
ii. Tonsillitis
1. Aggregates of _____________ tissue (glands) become
swollen and _____________
2. Tonsillectomy:
a. _____________ of the tonsils
b. less common today b/c of known value of tonsils
in _____________ responses
iii. Laryngitis
1. Inflammation of _____________
2. Often results in _____________ to talk
3. Usually disappears I you rest your voice and treat
_____________
f. Sinusitis
i. Inflammation of the _____________ (facial) sinuses
ii. Occurs if openings to sinuses are _____________
iii. Symptoms: runny nose, _____________, facial pain
iv. Treatment: depends of cause, but rinsing sinuses with warm
_____________ solution helps remove irritants and mucus
g. Otitis Media
i. Inflammation of the _____________ _____________
ii. Nasal infections often spread and become ear infections in
children
iii. Symptoms: _____________ (dizziness), hearing loss, fever
iv. Treatment: tubes may be placed in ears, antibiotics
Complete p.292 #1-2
15.4 Disorders of the Respiratory Tract
1. Disorders of the Upper Respiratory Tract
a. Consists of nasal cavities, pharynx and larynx
b. Responsible for filtering harmful materials, therefore very susceptible
to viral and bacterial infections
c. Infections may spread to middle ear or sinuses
d. The Common Cold
i. Caused mainly by mild viral infections of the upper respiratory
tract
ii. Symptoms: runny nose, sneezing, mild fever
iii. Most common group of viruses: rhinoviruses
iv. Usually last 3-7 days
v. Antibiotics do not help (caused by virus, not bacteria)
e. Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Laryngitis
i. Pharyngitis
1. Inflammation of throat
2. Strep throat caused by streptococcus pyogenes
bacterium
a. Sore throat, high fever, white patches on a dark
red
ii. Tonsillitis
1. Aggregates of lymphoid tissue (glands) become swollen
and inflamed
2. Tonsillectomy:
a. removal of the tonsils
b. less common today b/c of known value of tonsils
in immune responses
iii. Laryngitis
1. Inflammation of larynx
2. Often results in inability to talk
3. Usually disappears I you rest your voice and treat
infection
f. Sinusitis
i. Inflammation of the cranial (facial) sinuses
ii. Occurs if openings to sinuses are blocked
iii. Symptoms: runny nose, headache, facial pain
iv. Treatment: depends of cause, but rinsing sinuses with warm
saline helps remove irritants and mucus
g. Otitis Media
i. Inflammation of the middle ear
ii. Nasal infections often spread and become ear infections in
children
iii. Symptoms: vertigo (dizziness), hearing loss, fever
iv. Treatment: tubes may be placed in ears, antibiotics
Complete p.292 #1-2
15.4 Disorders of the Respiratory Tract (Continued)
2. Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract
a. Disorders of the Trachea and Bronchi
i. Choking
1. Caused by a blocked trachea
2. Heimlich maneuver may be used to clear blocked air way
3. Tracheostomy: insertion of a breathing tube into an
incision mad in the trachea
ii. Acute bronchitis
1. Acute = sudden onset
2. Inflammation of the primary and secondary bronch
3. Preceded by a viral infection that leads to a secondary
bacterial infection
4. Symptoms: a deep non-productive cough that produces
mucus and sometimes pus
5. Treatment: antibiotics
iii. Chronic bronchitis
1. Chronic = long-term
2. Airways inflamed and filled with mucus
3. Cough that brings up mucus
4. Bronchi are damaged
5. Often caused by smoking (smoker’s cough)
iv. Asthma
1. Disease of bronchi and bronchioles
2. Symptoms: wheezing, breathlessness, cough,
expectoration of mucus
3. Airways are extremely sensitive to irritants such as
animal dander, dust and cigarettes, and become
inflamed
4. Smooth muscle undergoes spasms
5. No cure for asthma, just controlled with drugs
b. Diseases of the Lungs
i. Pneumonia
1. Infection of the lungs where bronchi or alveoli fill with
thick fluid
2. Symptoms: high fever, headache, chest pain
3. Causes: bacteria, viruses, other infectious agents
ii. Pulmonary tuberculosis
1. Caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2. TB skin test shows if person has been exposed
iii. Emphysema
1. Chronic and incurable
2. Alveoli are damaged and lung functioning diminished
3. Usually caused by smoking
iv. Cystic Fibrosis
1. Genetic disorder
2. Increases mucus secretions and makes it hard to breathe
3. No cure
4. Most people affected with CF die by age 30
v. Pulmonary fibrosis
1. Build up of connective tissue in lungs, causing loss of
elasticity
2. Reduces lung volumes
vi. Lung cancer
1. 87% of lung cancers are associated with smoking
Complete p.295 #1-2
15.4 Disorders of the Respiratory Tract (Continued)
1. Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract
a. Disorders of the Trachea and Bronchi
i. Choking
1. Caused by a blocked _________________
2. _________________ maneuver may be used to clear
blocked air way
3. Tracheostomy: insertion of a _________________ tube
into an incision made in the trachea
ii. Acute bronchitis
1. Acute = sudden onset
2. _________________ of the primary and secondary
bronchi
3. Preceded by a _________________ infection that leads
to a secondary bacterial infection
4. Symptoms: a deep non-productive cough that produces
mucus and sometimes _________________
5. Treatment: antibiotics
iii. Chronic bronchitis
1. Chronic = long-term
2. Airways _________________ and filled with mucus
3. Cough that brings up _________________
4. Bronchi are _________________
5. Often caused by _________________ (smoker’s cough)
iv. Asthma
1. Disease of _________________ and bronchioles
2. Symptoms: wheezing, breathlessness, cough,
expectoration of mucus
3. Airways are extremely _________________ to irritants
such as animal dander, dust and cigarettes, and become
inflamed
4. Smooth _________________ undergoes spasms
5. No cure for asthma, just controlled with drugs
b. Diseases of the Lungs
i. Pneumonia
1. _________________ of the lungs where bronchi or
_________________ fill with thick fluid
2. Symptoms: high fever, headache, chest pain
3. Causes: bacteria, viruses, other infectious agents
ii. Pulmonary tuberculosis
1. Caused by bacterium _________________ tuberculosis
2. TB _________________ test shows if person has been
exposed
iii. Emphysema
1. Chronic and incurable
2. _________________ are damaged and lung functioning
diminished
3. Usually caused by _________________
iv. Cystic Fibrosis
1. _________________ disorder
2. Increases mucus secretions and makes it hard to breathe
3. No cure
4. Most people affected with CF die by age ________
v. Pulmonary fibrosis
1. Build-up of _________________ tissue in lungs, causing
loss of _________________
2. Reduces lung _________________
vi. Lung cancer
1. 87% of lung cancers are associated with
_________________
Complete p.295 #1-2