EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
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EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 2: Coast Banksia Woodland Description: Restricted to near coastal localities on secondary or tertiary dunes behind Coastal Dune Scrub. Usually dominated by a woodland overstorey of Coast Banksia Banksia integrifolia to 15 m tall over a medium shrub layer. The understorey consists of a number of herbs and sedges, including scramblers. Large trees: Species Banksia spp. Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 50 cm 70 cm 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Life Forms: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH GF SC SC Common Name Banksia integrifolia Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. pryoriana Coast Banksia Rough-barked Manna Gum #Spp 3 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leucopogon parviflorus Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Leptospermum laevigatum Senecio minimus Haloragis brownii Sambucus gaudichaudiana Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Lobelia anceps Sarcocornia quinqueflora Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Dichondra repens Pteridium esculentum Galium australe Clematis microphylla Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 40% 1% 1% 15% 10% 1% 5% 10% 10% 10% 20% LF code IT MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL Common Name Coast Beard-heath Seaberry Saltbush Coast Tea-tree Shrubby Fireweed Swamp Raspwort White Elderberry Ivy-leaf Violet Angled Lobelia Beaded Glasswort Shining Pennywort Kidney-weed Austral Bracken Tangled Bedstraw Small-leaved Clematis EVC 2: Coast Banksia Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH Typical Weed Species Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Invasive Impact Spear Thistle Cat's Ear high high high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland Description: A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt forest or open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layer rich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deep sandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils). Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 15 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. pryoriana Understorey: Life form #/ha Rough-barked Manna Gum #Spp 1 5 3 1 2 8 5 2 1 4 2 1 na %Cover 5% 5% 25% 5% 1% 5% 15% 10% 10% 1% 10% 10% 15% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Acacia melanoxylon Epacris impressa Leptospermum continentale Banksia marginata Leptospermum myrsinoides Leucopogon virgatus Dillwynia glaberrima Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Astroloma humifusum Gonocarpus tetragynus Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Geranium solanderi s.l. Hydrocotyle laxiflora Opercularia varia Dichondra repens Poranthera microphylla Lomandra longifolia Austrostipa mollis Tetrarrhena juncea Lepidosperma concavum Dianella revoluta s.l. Lomandra filiformis Poa sieberiana Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum T T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS PS MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF Common Name Black Wattle Blackwood Common Heath Prickly Tea-tree Silver Banksia Heath Tea-tree Common Beard-heath Smooth Parrot-pea Broom Spurge Cranberry Heath Common Raspwort Tall Sundew Ivy-leaf Violet Austral Cranesbill Stinking Pennywort Variable Stinkweed Kidney-weed Small Poranthera Spiny-headed Mat-rush Supple Spear-grass Forest Wire-grass Sandhill Sword-sedge Black-anther Flax-lily Wattle-headed Mat-rush Grey Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH LTG LNG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Anthoxanthum odoratum Holcus lanatus Common Name Cat's Ear Sweet Vernal Grass Yorkshire Fog Invasive high high high Impact low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 6: Sand Heathland Description: Treeless heathland (or with occasional emergent mallee-form eucalypts and/or Banksias) occurring on deep infertile sands. Consists of a low, dense heathy shrub layer and a number of sedges and sedge-like species. Grasses and herbs are notably absent or infrequent. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code #Spp 7 4 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Epacris impressa Banksia marginata Leptospermum continentale Leptospermum myrsinoides Dillwynia glaberrima Platylobium obtusangulum Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Leucopogon virgatus Gonocarpus humilis Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Gahnia radula Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Lepidosperma concavum Hypolaena fastigiata Schoenus brevifolius Pteridium esculentum MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS MH MH LNG LTG MTG MNG MNG GF Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 20% cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 55% 10% 5% 5% 5% 1% 5% 15% 1% 10% 10% LF code MS SS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL S/C Common Name Common Heath Silver Banksia Prickly Tea-tree Heath Tea-tree Smooth Parrot-pea Common Flat-pea Bundled Guinea-flower Common Beard-heath Shade Raspwort Tall Sundew Thatch Saw-sedge Small Grass-tree Sandhill Sword-sedge Tassel Rope-rush Zig-zag Bog-sedge Austral Bracken EVC 6: Sand Heathland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 7: Clay Heathland Description: Occurs on sites with impeded drainage, often on duplex soils. Dominated by heathy shrub species with or without an eucalypt overstorey. The ground layer is dense and diverse with a variety of landforms. + woodland only components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate) Large trees+: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 40 cm Tree Canopy Cover+: %cover Character Species 10% Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Total understorey projective foliage cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 10 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus conspicua Understorey: Life form #/ha Swamp Stringybark #Spp %Cover LF code 6 7 2 2 8 2 3 4 4 2 na na 40% 10% 1% 1% 10% 1% 5% 5% 5% 1% 10% 10% MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF BL S/C 75% EVC 7: Clay Heathland - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Allocasuarina paludosa Leptospermum continentale Epacris impressa Hakea teretifolia ssp. hirsuta Dampiera stricta Dillwynia sericea s.l. Hibbertia empetrifolia s.l. Sphaerolobium vimineum s.l. Xanthosia pusilla spp. agg. Euphrasia collina r Hybanthus vernonii ssp. vernonii Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Helichrysum scorpioides Opercularia varia Drosera pygmaea Anisopogon avenaceus Xanthorrhoea resinosa Deyeuxia quadriseta Themeda triandra Patersonia sericea Lomandra filiformis Patersonia glabrata Schoenus brevifolius Lepidosperma neesii Entolasia marginata Schoenus lepidosperma Lindsaea linearis MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS LH LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG GF Common Name Scrub Sheoak Prickly Tea-tree Common Heath Dagger Hakea Blue Dampiera Showy Parrot-pea Tangled Guinea-flower Leafless Globe-pea Heath Xanthosia Purple Eyebright Erect Violet Germander Raspwort Tall Sundew Button Everlasting Variable Stinkweed Tiny Sundew Oat Spear-grass Spear Grass-tree Reed Bent-grass Kangaroo Grass Silky Purple-flag Wattle Mat-rush Leafy Purple-flag Zig-zag Bog-sedge Stiff Rapier-sedge Bordered Panic Slender Bog-sedge Screw Fern Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 20% Cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 8: Wet Heathland Description: A low, generally treeless heathland although sometimes emergent eucalypts may be present. Occurs on lower slopes, flats or depressions, which are infertile and subjected to prolonged water logging. Understorey is often dominated by a range of sedges, grasses and shrubs. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code #Spp 6 3 1 3 2 1 2 2 5 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Melaleuca squarrosa Leptospermum continentale Allocasuarina paludosa Sprengelia incarnata Platylobium obtusangulum Epacris obtusifolia Epacris gunnii Gonocarpus humilis Gonocarpus tetragynus Gahnia radula Patersonia occidentalis Schoenus brevifolius Schoenus lepidosperma Baumea juncea Leptocarpus tenax Cassytha glabella Lindsaea linearis MS MS MS MS SS SS SS MH MH LNG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG SC GF Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 20% cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 40% 5% 1% 5% 5% 5% 10% 5% 20% 1% 20% LF code MS SS PS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL Common Name Scented Paperbark Prickly Tea-tree Scrub Sheoak Pink Swamp-heath Common Flat-pea Blunt-leaf Heath Ace of Spades Shade Raspwort Common Raspwort Thatch Saw-sedge Long Purple-flag Zig-zag Bog-sedge Slender Bog-sedge Bare Twig-sedge Slender Twine-rush Slender Dodder-laurel Screw Fern EVC 8: Wet Heathland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 9: Coastal Saltmarsh Description: Occurs on and immediately above marine and estuarine tidal flats and contains distinct floristic communities as bands or zones in the same location, depending on the positioning of the various floristic communities in relation to the saline environment. Consists of a range of life forms including succulent herbs, low succulent shrubs, rushes and sedges. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Soil Crust Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code #Spp 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Sclerostegia arbuscula Suaeda australis Sarcocornia quinqueflora Samolus repens Hemichroa pentandra Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Triglochin striatum Distichlis distichophylla MS SS MH MH MH SH MNG MNG Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 20% 1% 20% 15% 1% 5% 10% 10% 70% LF code MS SS MH SH LNG MTG MNG S/C Common Name Shrubby Glasswort Austral Seablite Beaded Glasswort Creeping Brookweed Trailing Hemichroa Rounded Noon-flower Streaked Arrowgrass Australian Salt-grass EVC 9: Coastal Saltmarsh - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 10: Estuarine Wetland Description: Grows on anaerobic peat-rich muds on the edges of estuarine waterbodies such as creeks, rivers and lagoons with intermediate salinity conditions. Vegetation is determined by fluctuating salinity, which varies in time from occasionally fresh to brackish or occasionally saline according to river flood and marine tide events. Dominated by graminoids and halophytic herbs and often fringed by a tall scrub layer of Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia at the landward edge. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MH MH SH LTG LTG LNG MNG MNG #Spp %Cover LF code 1 2 2 6 2 2 1 2 3 10% 5% 5% 20% 10% 10% 5% 5% 20% MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG 85% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Melaleuca ericifolia Samolus repens Hydrocotyle hirta Selliera radicans Lomandra longifolia Juncus pallidus Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Ficinia nodosa Distichlis distichophylla Common Name Swamp Paperbark Creeping Brookweed Hairy Pennywort Shiny Swamp-mat Spiny-headed Mat-rush Pale Rush Sea Rush Knobby Club-sedge Australian Salt-grass Recruitment: Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years Organic Litter: 10 % cover Weediness: LF Code LH LH MH MH MH Typical Weed Species Cirsium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata Plantago coronopus Cotula coronopifolia Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Spear Thistle Common Sow-thistle Cat's Ear Buck's-horn Plantain Water Buttons Invasive high high high high high Impact high low low high high EVC 10: Estuarine Wetland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 11: Coastal Lagoon Wetland Description: Occupies the margins of coastal freshwater lagoons that have formed behind the coastal dune barrier and the adjacent hills. It has several zones dependent upon water depth and persistence of inundation. Within the lagoon itself where exposure is rare, the vegetation is dominated by graminoids whereas on the lagoon margin a tall scrub layer is common. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens #Spp 4 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum continentale Melaleuca squarrosa Melaleuca ericifolia Gonocarpus tetragynus Carex appressa Triglochin procerum s.l. Phragmites australis Lepidosperma longitudinale Baumea tetragona Cassytha glabella MS MS MS MH LTG MTG LNG LNG MNG SC Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20% cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 15% 1% 1% 5% 1% 5% 15% 5% 5% 5% 1% 10% LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL 60% Common Name Prickly Tea-tree Scented Paperbark Swamp Paperbark Common Raspwort Tall Sedge Water Ribbons Common Reed Pithy Sword-sedge Square Twig-sedge Slender Dodder-laurel EVC 11: Coastal Lagoon Wetland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 12: Wet Swale Herbland Description: Occupies seasonally inundated dune swales often forming between the coastal dune barrier and hinterland hills. Soils are predominantly deep peats often with aeolian sand lenses where species typical of drier environments may grow. This EVC typically consists of a range of amphibious rushes, sedges and herbs. Life forms: Life form Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber #Spp 1 1 7 3 2 1 4 4 1 2 Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG MNG GF SC SC %Cover 1% 1% 15% 5% 5% 1% 10% 25% 5% 1% LF code SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC 70% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Villarsia reniformis Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Myriophyllum simulans Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Veronica plebeia Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Asperula subsimplex Lomandra longifolia Eleocharis sphacelata Lepidosperma concavum Isolepis fluitans Lachnagrostis filiformis Triglochin procerum s.l. Imperata cylindrica Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides e Pseudoraphis paradoxa Ficinia nodosa Pteridium esculentum Billardiera scandens Glycine clandestina Common Name Running Marsh-flower Floating Pondweed Amphibious Water-milfoil Ivy-leaf Violet Trailing Speedwell Kidney-weed Shining Pennywort Water Woodruff Spiny-headed Mat-rush Tall Spike-sedge Sandhill Sword-sedge Floating Club-sedge Common Blown-grass Water Ribbons Blady Grass Mat Grass Weeping Grass Slender Mud-grass Knobby Club-sedge Austral Bracken Common Apple-berry Twining Glycine Recruitment: Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: LF Code MH MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Cat's Ear Hairy Hawkbit Invasive high high Impact low low EVC 12: Wet Swale Herbland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plains bioregion EVC 14: Banksia Woodland Description: Open scrub to open woodland to 10 m tall on well-drained Quaternary and Tertiary sandy soils. The overstorey is dominated by Saw Banksia Banksia serrata, sometimes with emergent eucalypts while the understorey is shrub-rich. Large trees: Species Banksia serrata DBH(cm) #/ha 50 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Common Name Banksia serrata Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Saw Banksia #Spp %Cover LF code 1 10 7 1 5 1 3 1 5 2 2 3 na 5% 5% 25% 15% 1% 10% 1% 10% 5% 10% 5% 10% 1% 10% IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 14: Banksia Woodland - Gippsland Plains bioregion LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS MH MH MH LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF SC SC SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Epacris impressa Leptospermum continentale Acacia terminalis Acacia suaveolens Dampiera stricta Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Tetratheca pilosa Dillwynia glaberrima Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Selaginella uliginosa Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Lomandra longifolia Xanthorrhoea resinosa Gahnia clarkei Tetrarrhena juncea Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Patersonia glabrata Lepidosperma laterale Burchardia umbellata Empodisma minus Pteridium esculentum Lindsaea linearis Cassytha glabella Cassytha phaeolasia Billardiera scandens Common Heath Prickly Tea-tree Sunshine Wattle Sweet Wattle Blue Dampiera Broom Spurge Hairy Pink-bells Smooth Parrot-pea Germander Raspwort Swamp Selaginella Tall Sundew Spiny-headed Mat-rush Spear Grass-tree Tall Saw-sedge Forest Wire-grass Paroo Lily Leafy Purple-flag Variable Sword-sedge Milkmaids Spreading Rope-rush Austral Bracken Screw Fern Slender Dodder-laurel Rusty Dodder-laurel Common Apple-berry Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 15: Limestone Box Forest Description: Occurs on generally well developed terra rossa soils derived from Tertiary limestones that outcrop around coastal streams, gullies and lakes. Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall with a tall shrub layer understorey and a grass and herb-rich ground layer on sheltered aspects but may be almost completely bare on drier aspects. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 25% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T T T MS MS LH MH MH MH SH MNG MNG GF GF GF GF SC SC SC SC Common Name Eucalyptus baueriana Eucalyptus bosistoana Eucalpytus globulus ssp. pseudoglobulus Eucalyptus tereticornis ssp. mediana Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Blue Box Coast Grey-box Gippsland Blue-gum Gippsland Red-gum Mountain Grey-gum #Spp 3 2 2 4 2 2 3 4 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Exocarpos cupressiformis Pittosporum undulatum Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Acacia melanoxylon Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Coprosma quadrifida Urtica incisa Solanum prinophyllum Stellaria flaccida Sambucus gaudichaudiana Dichondra repens Oplismenus hirtellus Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Asplenium flabellifolium Pteris tremula Pellaea falcata s.l. Doodia australis Eustrephus latifolius Geitonoplesium cymosum Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides Marsdenia rostrata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 20% 5% 1% 10% 5% 5% 15% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH MNG GF SC BL Common Name Cherry Ballart Sweet Pittosporum Sweet Bursaria Blackwood Tree Violet Prickly Currant-bush Scrub Nettle Forest Nightshade Forest Starwort White Elderberry Kidney-weed Australian Basket-grass Weeping Grass Necklace Fern Tender Brake Sickle Fern Common Rasp-fern Wombat Berry Scrambling Lily Forest Clematis Milk Vine EVC 15: Limestone Box Forest – Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH LH LH LH MH LNG SC SC MH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Conyza bonariensis Sonchus oleraceus Cirsium vulgare Cardamine hirsuta s.l. Holcus lanatus Asparagus asparagoides Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Name Black Nightshade Flaxleaf Fleabane Common Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Common Bitter-cress Yorkshire Fog Bridal Creeper Blackberry Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Invasive high high high high high high high high high Impact low high low high low high high high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 16: Lowland Forest Description: Eucalypt forest to 20 m tall on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils in areas of relatively high rainfall. Characterised by the diversity of life forms and species in the understorey including a range of shrubs, grasses and herbs. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS MS SS PS MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus consideniana Messmate Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint Yertchuk #Spp %Cover LF code 2 7 5 2 1 7 7 2 1 7 1 2 3 na 5% 10% 30% 10% 5% 1% 10% 5% 15% 5% 15% 1% 15% 1% 10% IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Epacris impressa Leptospermum continentale Banksia marginata Leptospermum myrsinoides Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Acrotriche serrulata Gonocarpus tetragynus Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Opercularia varia Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Lomandra longifolia Gahnia radula Lomandra filiformis Poa australis spp. agg. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Billardiera scandens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Blackwood Common Heath Prickly Tea-tree Silver Banksia Heath Tea-tree Broom Spurge Honey-pots Common Raspwort Tall Sundew Ivy-leaf Violet Variable Stinkweed Small Grass-tree Spiny-headed Mat-rush Thatch Saw-sedge Wattle Mat-rush Tussock Grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Common Apple-berry EVC 16: Lowland Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 18: Riparian Forest Description: A tall forest to 30 m tall along river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gullies leading into creeks and rivers. The soil is fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by tall eucalypts but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered dense patches of shrubs, ferns, grasses and herbs. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 80 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus viminalis Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Swamp Gum Narrow-leaf Peppermint Messmate Stringybark Manna Gum #Spp 2 8 1 3 10 2 3 1 4 3 3 1 2 na %Cover 5% 15% 25% 5% 5% 10% 5% 15% 5% 10% 10% 15% 1% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF TRF SC BL EVC 18: Riparian Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Acacia melanoxylon Acacia verticillata Goodenia ovata Ozothamnus ferrugineus Leptospermum continentale Senecio linearifolius Acaena novae-zelandiae Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Dichondra repens Oxalis corniculata s.l. Galium propinquum Hydrocotyle hirta Gahnia sieberiana Lomandra longifolia Carex appressa Tetrarrhena juncea Lepidosperma laterale Dianella tasmanica Poa australis spp. agg. Poa tenera Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Echinopogon ovatus Pteridium esculentum Adiantum aethiopicum Blechnum nudum Blechnum minus Cyathea australis Dicksonia antarctica Clematis aristata T T MS MS MS MS LH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG GF GF GF GF TRF TRF SC Common Name Silver Wattle Blackwood Prickly Moses Hop Goodenia Tree Everlasting Prickly Tea-tree Fireweed Groundsel Bidgee-widgee Ivy-leaf Violet Kidney-weed Yellow Wood-sorrel Maori Bedstraw Hairy Pennywort Red-fruit Saw-sedge Spiny-headed Mat-rush Tall Sedge Forest Wire-grass Variable Sword-sedge Tasman Flax-lily Tussock Grass Slender Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Common Hedgehog-grass Austral Bracken Common Maidenhair Fishbone Water-fern Soft Water-fern Rough Tree-fern Soft Tree-fern Mountain Clematis Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS LH LH LH MH MH LNG MTG SC Typical Weed Species Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Sonchus oleraceus Plantago lanceolata Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Holcus lanatus Anthoxanthum odoratum Galium aparine Common Name Invasive Impact Blackberry Common Sow-thistle Ribwort Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Self-heal Yorkshire Fog Sweet Vernal-grass Cleavers high high high high high high high high high high low low high low low high high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 19: Riparian Shrubland Description: Diverse, medium to tall shrubland to 8 m tall occurring on rocky substrates of major streams and banks and channels of rocky creeks and along perennial streams in gorge tracts. Able to withstand frequent flooding or regenerate rapidly after such disturbance and often forming dense thickets along the stream's edge during long periods without flooding. Trees may be irregularly scattered throughout but tend to be restricted to the banks of the rivers and creeks. Sedges and rushes common to riparian environments dominate the understorey as well as an array of herbs and grasses including many ephemeral species which survive on the bare sands or in rock crevice. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Common Name Acacia melanoxylon Acacia falciformis Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Blackwood Large-leaf Hickory-wattle #Spp 9 4 9 2 3 3 2 4 2 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS MS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF GF GF GF SC SC SC Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 25% 5% 15% 5% 5% 10% 1% 10% 5% 10% 80% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Kunzea ericoides Prostanthera lasianthos Ozothamnus ferrugineus Cassinia longifolia Urtica incisa Persicaria decipiens Stypandra glauca Xerochrysum bracteatum Hydrocotyle hirta Solanum prinophyllum Poranthera microphylla Oxalis corniculata s.l. Dichondra repens Carex polyantha Lepidosperma urophorum Lomandra longifolia Carex appressa Poa australis spp. agg. Poa ensiformis Lepidosperma laterale Dianella tasmanica Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Luzula campestris spp. agg. Pteridium esculentum Calochlaena dubia Blechnum nudum Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Rubus parvifolius Pandorea pandorana Clematis microphylla Common N Burgan Victorian Chris Tree Everlastin Shiny Cassinia Scrub Nettle Slender Knotw Nodding BlueGolden Everlas Hairy Pennywo Forest Nightsh Small Poranth Yellow Wood-s Kidney-weed River Sedge Tailed RapierSpiny-headed Tall Sedge Tussock Grass Sword Tussoc Variable Sword Tasman Flax-l Weeping Gras Field Woodrus Austral Bracke Common Grou Fishbone Wate Green Rock-fe Small-leaf Bra Wonga Vine Small-leaved C EVC 19: Riparian Shrubland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Episodic/flood – desirable period between flood events is 5 years. Organic Litter: 20% cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS MS LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC Rosa rubiginosa Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Conium maculatum Conyza bonariensis Carduus tenuiflorus Sonchus asper s.l. Plantago lanceolata Rumex crispus Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Trifolium arvense var. arvense Anagallis arvensis Euphorbia peplus Silene gallica Petrorhagia nanteuilii Gamochaeta purpurea s.l. Centaurium erythraea Modiola caroliniana Holcus lanatus Cyperus eragrostis Bromus catharticus Vulpia bromoides Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Bromus diandrus Aira caryophyllea Vinca major Common Name Invasive Impact Sweet Briar Blackberry Hemlock Flaxleaf Fleabane Winged Thistle Rough Sow-thistle Ribwort Curled Dock Cat's Ear Self-heal Hare's-foot Clover Pimpernel Petty Spurge French Catchfly Childling Pink Purple Cudweed Common Centaury Red-flower Mallow Yorkshire Fog Drain Flat-sedge Prairie Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Soft Brome Great Brome Silvery Hair-grass Blue Periwinkle low high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high low low low low low low low low low low low low low high high low low low low low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest Description: Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfall areas and on shallow infertile soils. The overstorey is a low, open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity and variability of the eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to low shrub layer. The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 60 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS MH MH MH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF EP Common Name Eucalyptus consideniana Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Yertchuk Red Stringybark #Spp 1 11 9 1 4 4 1 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia oxycedrus Brachyloma daphnoides Correa reflexa Epacris impressa Dampiera stricta Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Hibbertia virgata Leucopogon virgatus Bossiaea prostrata Gonocarpus tetragynus Lagenophora stipitata Comesperma calymega Lomandra filiformis Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Austrodanthonia setacea Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Thelymitra ixioides s.l. Pteridium esculentum Cassytha pubescens s.s. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 40% 15% 1% 5% 5% 1% 1% 10% 55% LF code IT T MS SS PS MH MTG MNG GF BL Common Name Spike Wattle Daphne Heath Common Correa Common Heath Blue Dampiera Bundled Guinea-flower Twiggy Guinea-flower Common Beard-heath Creeping Bossiaea Common Raspwort Common Bottle-daisy Blue-spike Milkwort Wattle Mat-rush Grass Trigger-plant Bristly Wallaby-grass Pale Vanilla-lily Weeping Grass Spotted Sun-orchid Austral Bracken Downy Dodder-laurel EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MH MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris glabra Hypochoeris radicata Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Sporobolus africanus Common Name Invasive Impact Smooth Cat's-ear Cat's Ear Panic Veldt-grass Rat-tail Grass high high high high low low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest Description: Occurs on a variety of gradients and altitudes and on a range of geologies. The overstorey is dominated by a low to medium height forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling an open woodland with a secondary, smaller tree layer including a number of Acacia species. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest is characterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought-tolerant grasses and herbs, often including a suite of fern species. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 60 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus polyanthemos Understorey: Life form #/ha Yellow Box Red Stringybark Red Box #Spp 2 9 4 2 2 8 2 3 11 2 3 na na %Cover 5% 10% 20% 5% 1% 5% 15% 5% 5% 30% 10% 5% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG SC BL S/C EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Character Species Common Name Acacia mearnsii Exocarpos cupressiformis Cassinia aculeata Daviesia leptophylla Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Epacris impressa Platylobium obtusangulum Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Pimelea humilis Acacia aculeatissima Acrotriche serrulata Bossiaea prostrata Senecio glomeratus Senecio hispidulus Plantago varia Gonocarpus tetragynus Opercularia varia Oxalis corniculata s.l. Austrostipa rudis Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Themeda triandra Joycea pallida Dianella revoluta s.l. Poa sieberiana Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Hardenbergia violacea Billardiera scandens T T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS LH LH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF SC SC Black Wattle Cherry Ballart Common Cassinia Narrow-leaf Bitter-pea Sweet Bursaria Common Heath Common Flat-pea Grey Parrot-pea Common Rice-flower Thin-leaf Wattle Honey-pots Creeping Bossiaea Annual Fireweed Rough Fireweed Variable Plantain Common Raspwort Variable Stinkweed Yellow Wood-sorrel Veined Spear-grass Small Grass-tree Kangaroo Grass Silvertop Wallaby-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Grey Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Purple Coral-pea Common Apple-berry Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS MS LH MH MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Cotoneaster pannosus Chrysanthemoides monilifera Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Briza maxima Anthoxanthum odoratum Romulea rosea Agrostis capillaris s.l. Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Common Name Invasive Impact Velvet Cotoneaster Boneseed Ribwort Cat's Ear Large Quaking-grass Sweet Vernal-grass Onion Grass Brown-top Bent Panic Veldt-grass high high high high high high high high high high high low low low high low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest Description: Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas of moderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall open forest or woodland to 25 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbs and grasses in the ground layer characterise this EVC. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Messmate Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp 2 5 2 1 2 7 2 1 2 3 1 2 2 na %Cover 5% 10% 10% 5% 1% 1% 10% 1% 5% 5% 20% 1% 25% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum continentale Epacris impressa Banksia marginata Acacia stricta Pimelea humilis Acrotriche prostrata Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Gonocarpus tetragynus Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Hypericum gramineum Hydrocotyle laxiflora Lomandra longifolia Gahnia radula Lomandra filiformis Themeda triandra Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Adiantum aethiopicum Clematis aristata Glycine clandestina MS MS MS MS SS PS LH MH MH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG GF GF SC SC Common Name Prickly Tea-tree Common Heath Silver Banksia Hop Wattle Common Rice-flower Trailing Ground-berry Sprawling Bluebell Common Raspwort Ivy-leaf Violet Small St John's Wort Stinking Pennywort Spiny-headed Mat-rush Thatch Saw-sedge Wattle Mat-rush Kangaroo Grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Common Maidenhair Mountain Clematis Twining Glycine Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Common Name Cat's Ear Common Centaury Invasive high high Impact low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 29: Damp Forest Description: Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects, from sea level to montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broadleaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 90 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Messmate Stringybark Mountain Grey-gum #Spp 3 9 2 1 2 6 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 4 na %Cover 5% 20% 25% 5% 1% 1% 10% 1% 5% 5% 5% 1% 20% 5% 10% 20% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF TRF SC BL EVC 29: Damp Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Pomaderris aspera Bedfordia arborescens Coprosma quadrifida Goodenia ovata Polyscias sambucifolia Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Lagenophora stipitata Poranthera microphylla Lomandra longifolia Poa labillardierei Tetrarrhena juncea Dianella tasmanica Hierochloe rariflora Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Lepidosperma laterale Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Blechnum cartilagineum Polystichum proliferum Calochlaena dubia Cyathea australis Clematis aristata Billardiera scandens Smilax australis Pandorea pandorana T T MS MS MS MS MH MH MH MH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF GF GF TRF SC SC SC SC Common Name Hazel Pomaderris Blanket-leaf Prickly Currant-bush Hop Goodenia Elderberry Panax Lance Beard-heath Ivy-leaf Violet Germander Raspwort Common Bottle-daisy Small Poranthera Spiny-headed Mat-rush Common Tussock Grass Forest Wire-grass Tasman Flax-lily Cane Holy-grass Paroo Lily Variable Sword-sedge Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Gristle Fern Mother Shield-fern Common Ground-fern Rough Tree-fern Mountain Clematis Common Apple-berry Austral Sarsaparilla Wonga Vine Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Cat's Ear Invasive high Impact low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 30: Wet Forest Description: Grows on fertile, well-drained loamy soils on a range of geologies and elevation levels. It is largely restricted to protected sites in gullies and on southern aspects of hills and mountains where rainfall is high and cloud cover at ground level is frequent. Characterised by a tall eucalypt overstorey to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 90 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Eucalyptus globulus ssp. pseudoglobulus Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Messmate Stringybark Mountain Grey-gum Gippsland Blue-gum Manna Gum #Spp %Cover LF code 3 6 1 6 2 2 1 3 1 4 1 2 na 5% 20% 15% 1% 10% 1% 5% 1% 15% 10% 15% 15% 5% 20% IT T MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF TF SC BL EVC 30: Wet Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code T T T T MS MS MS MS SS LH LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF GF GF TRF TRF SC SC SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Pomaderris aspera Acacia dealbata Acacia melanoxylon Olearia argophylla Goodenia ovata Cassinia longifolia Cassinia aculeata Ozothamnus ferrugineus Rhytidosporum procumbens Senecio velleioides Senecio glomeratus Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Lagenophora stipitata Oxalis corniculata s.l. Dichondra repens Lomandra longifolia Cyperus lucidus Juncus pallidus Gahnia radula Tetrarrhena juncea Poa australis spp. agg. Dianella tasmanica Poa labillardierei Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Blechnum cartilagineum Calochlaena dubia Sticherus lobatus Cyathea australis Dicksonia antarctica Clematis aristata Billardiera scandens Comesperma volubile Common Name Hazel Pomaderris Siver Wattle Blackwood Musk Daisy-bush Hop Goodenia Shiny Cassinia Common Cassinia Tree Everlasting White Marianth Forest Groundsel Annual Fireweed Ivy-leaf Violet Germander Raspwort Common Bottle-daisy Yellow Wood-sorrel Kidney-weed Spiny-headed Mat-rush Leafy Flat-sedge Pale Rush Thatch Saw-sedge Forest Wire-grass Tussock Grass Tasman Flax-lily Common Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Gristle Fern Common Ground-fern Spreading Fan-fern Rough Tree-fern Soft Tree-fern Mountain Clematis Common Apple-berry Love Creeper Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest Description: Closed forest to 20 m tall occurring along small streams and narrow coastal fringes associated with lakes and estuaries. Dominated by a range of non-eucalypt canopy species above an understorey of smaller trees and shrubs and usually visually dominated by ferns and climbers. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Various spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 50% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Epiphyte Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Acmena smithii Acacia melanoxylon Understorey: Life form #/ha Lilly Pilly Blackwood #Spp 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 4 1 7 na %Cover 5% 30% 10% 5% 5% 5% 1% 1% 5% 25% 5% 20% 20% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF EP SC BL EVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code T T MS LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG MNG MNG GF GF GF GF EP SC SC SC SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Olearia argophylla r Acronychia oblongifolia Coprosma quadrifida Urtica incisa Sambucus gaudichaudiana Stellaria flaccida Austrocynoglossum latifolium Pyrrosia rupestris Dichondra repens Gahnia melanocarpa Oplismenus hirtellus Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Asplenium flabellifolium Pellaea falcata s.l. Lastreopsis acuminata Pteris tremula Microsorum scandens Eustrephus latifolius Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides Geitonoplesium cymosum Smilax australis Common Name Musk Daisy-bush Yellow-wood Prickly Currant-bush Scrub Nettle White Elderberry Forest Starwort Forest Hound's-tongue Rock Felt-fern Kidney-weed Black-fruit Saw-sedge Australian Basket-grass Weeping Grass Necklace Fern Sickle Fern Shiny Shield-fern Tender Brake Fragrant Fern Wombat Berry Forest Clematis Scrambling Lily Austral Sarsaparilla Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH SC Typical Weed Species Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Asparagus asparagoides Common Name Invasive Impact Black Nightshade Bridal Creeper high high low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 34: Dry Rainforest Description: Open to closed non-eucalypt low forest or tall shrubland to 15 m tall. Occurs in areas of relatively low rainfall (750-900mm per annum) and primarily confined to topographic fire refuges most often associated with extensive cliffs, gorges and rock screes on northern and western aspects. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Various spp. 60 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 50% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Epiphyte Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Weediness: LF Code MS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MTG MTG MNG Typical Weed Species Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Cirsium vulgare Conyza spp. Hypochoeris radicata Gamochaeta purpurea s.l. Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Polycarpon tetraphyllum Hypochoeris glabra Galium murale Anagallis arvensis Vulpia bromoides Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Aira praecox Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 10 / ha Common Name Rapanea howittiana Pittosporum undulatum Understorey: Life form #/ha Mutton-wood Sweet Pittosporum #Spp 3 9 5 12 5 2 3 3 5 2 6 na %Cover 5% 20% 20% 5% 15% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 1% 10% 20% Common Name LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF EP SC BL Blackberry Black Nightshade Spear Thistle Fleabane Cat's Ear Purple Cudweed Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Four-leaved Allseed Smooth Cat's-ear Small Goosegrass Pimpernel Squirrel-tail Fescue Panic Veldt-grass Early Hair-grass Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high low high low low low low low low low low low high low EVC 34: Dry Rainforest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code T T T MS MS MS MS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG GF GF GF GF EP EP EP EP SC SC SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Acacia implexa Acacia falciformis Olearia lirata Cassinia trinerva Cassinia longifolia Coprosma quadrifida Urtica incisa Sigesbeckia orientalis ssp. orientalis Senecio minimus Solanum prinophyllum Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Sambucus gaudichaudiana Lobelia anceps Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Pyrrosia rupestris Oxalis exilis Lomandra longifolia Lepidosperma urophorum Gahnia melanocarpa Notodanthonia longifolia r Libertia paniculata Lepidosperma laterale Poa hothamensis Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Echinopogon ovatus Oplismenus hirtellus Entolasia marginata Pteris tremula Asplenium flabellifolium Doodia australis Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Sarcochilus australis Cassytha phaeolasia Eustrephus latifolius Celastrus australis Morinda jasminoides Common Name Black Wattle Lightwood Pale Hickory Wattle Snowy Daisy-bush Three-nerved Cassinia Shiny Cassinia Prickly Currant-bush Scrub Nettle Indian Weed Shrubby Fireweed Forest Nightshade Ivy-leaf Violet White Elderberry Angled Lobelia Kidney-weed Shining Pennywort Rock Felt-fern Shady Wood-sorrel Spiny-headed Mat-rush Tailed Rapier-sedge Black-fruit Saw-sedge Long-leaf Wallaby-grass Branching Grass-flag Variable Sword-sedge Ledge Grass Weeping Grass Common Hedgehog-grass Australian Basket-grass Bordered Panic Tender Brake Necklace Fern Common Rasp-fern Green Rock-fern Kangaroo Fern Common Filmy Fern Butterfly Orchid Rusty Dodder-laurel Wombat Berry Staff Climber Jasmine Morinda Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest Description: Eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understorey characterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrowleaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoids and herbs in the ground stratum. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus sieberi Eucalyptus baxteri s.l. Eucalyptus radiata s.l. 40% Messmate Stringybark Silvertop Ash Brown Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp 1 8 3 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Spyridium parvifolium Goodenia ovata Epacris impressa Correa reflexa Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Tetratheca ciliata Lomatia ilicifolia R r Tetratheca stenocarpa Acrotriche prostrata Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Gonocarpus tetragynus Lepidosperma elatius Tetrarrhena juncea Poa australis spp. agg. Lepidosperma laterale Pteridium esculentum Billardiera scandens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 35% 10% 5% 5% 1% 5% 10% 5% 10% 1% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS MH SH LTG LNG MTG GF SC BL Common Name Dusty Miller Hop Goodenia Common Heath Common Correa Broom Spurge Pink-bells Holly Lomatia Long Pink-bells Trailing Ground-berry Ivy-leaf Violet Common Raspwort Tall Sword-sedge Forest Wire-grass Tussock Grass Variable Sword-sedge Austral Bracken Common Apple-berry EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest Description: Valley Grassy Forest occurs under moderate rainfall regimes of 700-800 mm per annum on fertile well-drained colluvial or alluvial soils on gently undulating lower slopes and valley floors. Open forest to 20 m tall that may carry a variety of eucalypts, usually species which prefer more moist or more fertile conditions over a sparse shrub cover. In season, a rich array of herbs, lilies, grasses and sedges dominate the ground layer but at the drier end of the spectrum the ground layer may be sparse and slightly less diverse, but with the moisture-loving species still remaining. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus leucoxylon Eucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus rubida Understorey: Life form #/ha Narrow-leaf Peppermint Yellow Gum Yellow Box Candlebark #Spp 2 2 1 2 11 3 2 2 16 2 1 na %Cover 5% 10% 15% 1% 5% 25% 5% 5% 10% 40% 5% 1% 20% LF code IT T MS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC BL EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Myoporum sp. 1 Acacia pycnantha Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Pimelea humilis Bossiaea prostrata Veronica gracilis Poranthera microphylla Gonocarpus tetragynus Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Solenogyne dominii Oxalis corniculata s.l. Oxalis exilis Opercularia varia Austrostipa rudis Austrostipa mollis Gahnia radula Themeda triandra Lomandra filiformis Tricoryne elatior Arthropodium strictum s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Billardiera scandens T MS MS MS SS PS LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC Common Name Black Wattle Sticky Boobialla Golden Wattle Sweet Bursaria Common Rice-flower Creeping Bossiaea Slender Speedwell Small Poranthera Common Raspwort Tall Sundew Smooth Solenogyne Yellow Wood-sorrel Shady Wood-sorrel Variable Stinkweed Veined Spear-grass Supple Spear-grass Thatch Saw-sedge Kangaroo Grass Wattle Mat-rush Yellow Rush-lily Chocolate Lily Weeping Grass Common Apple-berry Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC Typical Weed Species Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera Holcus lanatus Briza maxima Romulea rosea Ehrharta longiflora Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Anthoxanthum odoratum Sporobolus africanus Paspalum dilatatum Agrostis capillaris s.l. Dactylis glomerata Galium aparine Common Name Invasive Impact Ribwort Cat's Ear Common Centaury Bulbil Watsonia Yorkshire Fog Large Quaking-grass Onion Grass Annual Veldt-grass Panic Veldt-grass Sweet Vernal-grass Rat-tail Grass Paspalum Brown-top Bent Cocksfoot Cleavers high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low high high low low low high high high high high high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 48: Heathy Woodland Description: Spans a variety of geologies but is generally associated with nutrient-poor soils including deep uniform sands (aeolian or outwash) and Tertiary sand/clay which has been altered to form quartzite gravel. Eucalypt-dominated low woodland to 10 m tall lacking a secondary tree layer and generally supporting a diverse array of narrow or ericoid-leaved shrubs except where frequent fire has reduced this to a dense cover of bracken. Geophytes and annuals can be quite common but the ground cover is normally fairly sparse. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. Banksia serrata 50 cm 40 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 10% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS SS LTG MTG MNG SC Common Name Eucalyptus willisii Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. pryoriana Banksia serrata Jimmy’s Shining Peppermint Messmate Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint Rough-barked Manna Gum Saw Banksia #Spp 5 5 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Epacris impressa Leptospermum myrsinoides Leptospermum continentale Monotoca scoparia Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Leucopogon virgatus Dillwynia glaberrima Gahnia sieberiana Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Hypolaena fastigiata Cassytha glabella Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 30% 20% 5% 5% 5% 1% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% LF code IT MS SS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL S/C Common Name Common Heath Heath Tea-tree Prickly Tea-tree Prickly Broom-heath Broom Spurge Common Beard-heath Smooth Parrot-pea Red-fruit Saw-sedge Small Grass-tree Tassel Rope-rush Slender Dodder-laurel EVC 48: Heathy Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 53: Swamp Scrub Description: Closed scrub to 8 m tall at low elevations on alluvial deposits along streams or on poorly drained sites with higher nutrient availability. The EVC is dominated by Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia (or sometimes Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum) which often forms a dense thicket, out-competing other species. Occasional emergent eucalypts may be present. Where light penetrates to ground level, a moss/lichen/liverwort or herbaceous ground cover is often present. Dry variants have a grassy/herbaceous ground layer. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 50% Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS LH LH LH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LNG LNG LNG MTG MTG MNG GF SC Common Name Leptospermum lanigerum Melaleuca ericifolia Woolly Tea-tree Swamp Paperbark #Spp %Cover LF code 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 na 10% 1% 5% 15% 5% 10% 10% 5% 15% 5% 1% 20% MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Coprosma quadrifida Leptospermum continentale Lycopus australis Lythrum salicaria Persicaria praetermissa Hydrocotyle pterocarpa Stellaria angustifolia Lobelia anceps Crassula helmsii Juncus procerus Poa labillardierei Gahnia radula Phragmites australis Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Triglochin procerum s.l. Juncus gregiflorus Eleocharis acuta Blechnum cartilagineum Calystegia sepium Prickly Currant-bush Prickly Tea-tree Australian Gipsywort Purple Loosestrife Spotted Knotweed Wing Pennywort Swamp Starwort Angled Lobelia Swamp Crassula Tall Rush Common Tussock-grass Thatch Saw-sedge Common Reed Soft Twig-rush Water Ribbons Green Rush Common Spike-sedge Gristle Fern Large Bindweed Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark EVC 53: Swamp Scrub - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MH LNG Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog high high low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 55: Plains Grassy Woodland Description: An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall occurring on a number of geologies and soil types. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T T MS SS PS MH MH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus tereticornis ssp. mediana Eucalyptus camaldulensis Gippsland Red-gum River Red-gum #Spp %Cover LF code 1 2 1 1 1 10 3 2 1 9 2 na 5% 5% 10% 1% 1% 5% 20% 5% 5% 10% 35% 10% 10% IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Allocasuarina littoralis Acacia mearnsii Acacia melanoxylon Kunzea ericoides Pimelea humilis Bossiaea prostrata Hypericum gramineum Oxalis perennans Dichondra repens Poranthera microphylla Austrostipa rudis Gahnia radula Themeda triandra Carex breviculmis Lomandra filiformis Schoenus apogon Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Black Sheoak Black Wattle Blackwood Burgan Common Rice-flower Creeping Bossiaea Small St John's Wort Grassland Wood-sorrel Kidney-weed Small Poranthera Veined Spear-grass Thatch Saw-sedge Kangaroo Grass Common Grass-sedge Wattle Mat-rush Common Bog-sedge Weeping Grass EVC 55: Plains Grassy Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH LNG MTG MNG MNG MNG Typical Weed Species Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Holcus lanatus Anthoxanthum odoratum Romulea rosea Briza maxima Briza minor Common Name Invasive Impact Ribwort Cat's Ear Common Centaury Yorkshire Fog Sweet Vernal-grass Onion Grass Large Quaking-grass Lesser Quaking-grass high high high high high high high high low low low high high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland Description: An open eucalypt woodland to 20 m tall over a medium to tall shrub layer with a ground layer consisting of amphibious and aquatic herbs and sedges. Occurs along the banks and floodplains of the larger meandering rivers and major creeks, often in conjunction with one or more floodplain wetland communities. Elevation and rainfall are relatively low and soils are fertile alluviums subject to periodic flooding and inundation. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 80 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T MS MS MS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG MNG SC Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus tereticornis ssp. mediana Eucalyptus ovata River Red-gum Gippsland Red Gum Swamp Gum #Spp 2 5 7 5 2 2 1 5 2 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia implexa Acacia melanoxylon Ozothamnus ferrugineus Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Urtica incisa Persicaria subsessilis Senecio quadridentatus Acaena novae-zelandiae Hydrocotyle hirta Stellaria pungens Veronica plebeia Oxalis corniculata s.l. Dichondra repens Carex appressa Poa labillardierei Phragmites australis Juncus amabilis Cyperus spp. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Eleocharis acuta Calystegia sepium Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 15% 15% 10% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 10% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC BL Common Name Lightwood Blackwood Tree Everlasting Sweet Bursaria Tree Violet Scrub Nettle Hairy Knotweed Cottony Fireweed Bidgee-widgee Hairy Pennywort Prickly Starwort Trailing Speedwell Yellow Wood-sorrel Kidney-weed Tall Sedge Common Tussock-grass Common Reed Hollow Rush Flat-sedge Weeping Grass Common Spike-sedge Large Bindweed EVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code T T MS MS MS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC SC Typical Weed Species Crataegus monogyna Fraxinus spp. Solanum pseudocapsicum Prunus cerasifera Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Rumex conglomeratus Sonchus oleraceus Plantago lanceolata Rumex crispus Rorippa palustris Helminthotheca echioides Verbena bonariensis s.l. Aster subulatus Ranunculus repens Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Hypochoeris radicata Trifolium repens var. repens Modiola caroliniana Holcus lanatus Bromus catharticus Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Cyperus eragrostis Paspalum dilatatum Lolium perenne Agrostis capillaris s.l. Paspalum distichum Galium aparine Tradescantia fluminensis Common Name Invasive Impact Hawthorn Ash Madeira Winter-cherry Cherry Plum Blackberry Clustered Dock Common Sow-thistle Ribwort Curled Dock Marsh Yellow-cress Ox-tongue Purple-top Verbena Aster-weed Creeping Buttercup Hairy Hawkbit Garden Dandelion Cat's Ear White Clover Red-flower Mallow Yorkshire Fog Prairie Grass Panic Veldt-grass Drain Flat-sedge Paspalum Perennial Rye-grass Brown-top Bent Water Couch Cleavers Wandering Jew high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high high low low low low high low high low high low low low low low high low high high high low high high low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 59: Riparian Thicket Description: Dense thickets of Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum and/or Scented Paperbark Melaleuca squarrosa to 6 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts that occur on broad beds of small streams or on regular flooded terraces of large streams and rivers. Ground layer is dominated by a number of ferns, tree-ferns and sedges. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 50% Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS SS PS LH LH MH MH LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG GF GF GF TRF SC Common Name Leptospermum lanigerum Melaleuca squarrosa Woolly Tea-tree Scented Paperbark #Spp 8 3 1 2 5 1 3 2 2 3 3 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Epacris impressa Cassinia aculeata Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius Kunzea ericoides Dampiera stricta Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Acacia brownii Acrotriche prostrata Senecio minimus Epilobium pallidiflorum Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Gonocarpus tetragynus Cyperus lucidus Carex appressa Tetrarrhena juncea Gahnia radula Lomandra filiformis Lepidosperma filiforme Poa tenera Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Baumea tetragona Gleichenia dicarpa Pteridium esculentum Blechnum minus Cyathea australis Billardiera scandens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 30% 5% 1% 5% 10% 5% 10% 5% 5% 15% 10% 5% 5% 20% LF code MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF TRF SC BL Common Name Common Heath Common Cassinia Rosemary Everlasting Burgan Blue Dampiera Broom Spurge Heath Wattle Trailing Ground-berry Shrubby Fireweed Showy Willow-herb Ivy-leaf Violet Common Raspwort Leafy Flat-sedge Tall Sedge Forest Wire-grass Thatch Saw-sedge Wattle Mat-rush Common Rapier-sedge Slender Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Square Twig-sedge Pouched Coral-fern Austral Bracken Soft Water-fern Rough Tree-fern Common Apple-berry EVC 59: Riparian Thicket - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species T T MS MS MS SS LH MH MH MH SH LNG Salix cinerea Pinus radiata Prunus cerasifera Cotoneaster pannosus Erica lusitanica Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Lotus suaveolens Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Callitriche stagnalis Holcus lanatus Common Name Grey Sallow Radiata Pine Cherry Plum Velvet Cotoneaster Spanish Heath Blackberry Black Nightshade Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Cat's Ear Self-heal Common Starwort Yorkshire Fog Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high high high high high high low high low low low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest Description: Occurs on gently undulating rises, low hills and peneplains on infertile, often stony soils derived from a range of geologies. The open overstorey to 20 m tall consists of a variety of eucalypts, often including one of the Ironbark species. The mid storey often forms a dense to open small tree or shrub layer over an open ground layer ranging from a sparse to well-developed suite of herbs and grasses. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Common Name Eucalyptus polyanthemos Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus globoidea Eucalyptus tricarpa Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Red Box Red Stringybark White Stringybark Red Ironbark #Spp 4 3 2 2 10 2 1 5 1 na na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS SS PS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia pycnantha Acacia genistifolia Pultenaea gunnii Kunzea ericoides Dillwynia phylicoides Leucopogon virgatus Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Acrotriche serrulata Senecio tenuiflorus Wahlenbergia stricta Gonocarpus tetragynus Glossodia major Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Poranthera microphylla Opercularia varia Hydrocotyle laxiflora Gahnia radula Joycea pallida Lomandra filiformis ssp. filiformis Lomandra nana Dianella revoluta s.l. Thysanotus patersonii Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 20% 10% 1% 5% 15% 1% 1% 10% 1% 10% 20% LF code IT MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG GF BL S/C 80% Common Name Golden Wattle Spreading Wattle Golden Bush-pea Burgan Small-leaf Parrot-pea Common Beard-heath Grey Parrot-pea Honey-pots Slender Fireweed Tall Bluebell Common Raspwort Wax-lip Orchid Tall Sundew Small Poranthera Variable Stinkweed Stinking Pennywort Thatch Saw-sedge Silvertop Wallaby-grass Wattle Mat-rush Dwarf Mat-rush Black-anther Flax-lily Twining Fringe-lily EVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest – Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MTG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Briza maxima Common Name Cat's Ear Large Quaking-grass Invasive high high Impact low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland Description: Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with occasional scattered shrub layer over a mostly grassy/sedgy to herbaceous ground-layer. Occurs on low-gradient ephemeral to intermittent drainage lines, typically on fertile colluvial/alluvial soils, on a wide range of suitably fertile geological substrates. These minor drainage lines can include a range of graminoid and herbaceous species tolerant of waterlogged soils, and are presumed to have sometimes resembled a linear wetland or system of interconnected small ponds. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS SS MH MH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus ovata River Red Gum Swamp Gum #Spp 2 2 2 2 8 1 3 12 3 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Ozothamnus ferrugineus Acacia pycnantha Pimelea humilis Gonocarpus tetragynus Acaena echinata Hydrocotyle laxiflora Carex appressa Poa labillardierei Elymus scaber var. scaber Lachnagrostis filiformis Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 5% 1% 5% 15% 1% 15% 20% 15% 10% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL Common Name Black Wattle Tree Everlasting Golden Wattle Common Rice-flower Common Raspwort Sheep's Burr Stinking Pennywort Tall Sedge Common Tussock-grass Common Wheat-grass Common Blown-grass Weeping Grass EVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40% cover Logs: 20m/0.1 ha Weediness: LF Code LH LH LH MH MH LTG MNG MNG MNG MNG MNG Typical Weed Species Sonchus oleraceus Cirsium vulgare Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Anagallis arvensis Phalaris aquatica Briza maxima Romulea rosea Vulpia bromoides Briza minor Aira elegantissima Common Name Invasive Impact Common Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Ribwort Cat's Ear Pimpernel Toowoomba Canary-grass Large Quaking-grass Onion Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Lesser Quaking-grass Delicate Hair-grass high high high low low low high high high high high low low low low low high low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub Description: Shrubland to 10 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts. Occurs on shallow colluvial soils along rocky cliffs and slopes associated with rivers and creeks and may extend onto alluvial terraces. Characterised by a dense medium to tall shrub layer over a ground layer which can range from low to high diversity and consist of a variety of graminoids, grasses and herbs. Ferns can often be a major component of the ground stratum. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 25% Common Name Acacia dealbata Pomaderris aspera Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Silver Wattle Hazel Pomaderris #Spp 10 4 13 6 2 6 2 7 4 na %Cover 5% 20% 5% 20% 10% 5% 10% 10% 20% 5% 10% LF code IT MS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Olearia lirata Coprosma quadrifida Pimelea axiflora Prostanthera lasianthos Hibbertia obtusifolia Acrotriche serrulata Ajuga australis Xerochrysum bracteatum Senecio tenuiflorus Euchiton collinus s.l. Veronica calycina Acaena novae-zelandiae Hypericum gramineum Dichondra repens Oxalis exilis Hydrocotyle laxiflora Desmodium gunnii Carex appressa Austrostipa rudis ssp. nervosa Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Tetrarrhena juncea Dianella tasmanica Carex breviculmis Isolepis inundata Schoenus maschalinus Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Echinopogon ovatus Poa tenera Pteridium esculentum Adiantum aethiopicum Polystichum proliferum Pellaea falcata s.l. Dicksonia antarctica Cyathea australis Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides MS MS MS MS SS PS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG GF GF GF GF TRF TRF SC Common Name Snowy Daisy-bush Prickly Currant-bush Bootlace Bush Victorian Christmas-bush Grey Guinea-flower Honey-pots Austral Bugle Golden Everlasting Slender Fireweed Clustered/Creeping Cudweed Hairy Speedwell Bidgee-widgee Small St John's Wort Kidney-weed Shady Wood-sorrel Stinking Pennywort Southern Tick-trefoil Tall Sedge Veined Spear-grass Cluster-headed Mat-rush Forest Wire-grass Tasman Flax-lily Common Grass-sedge Swamp Club-sedge Leafy Bog-sedge Weeping Grass Common Hedgehog-grass Slender Tussock-grass Austral Bracken Common Maidenhair Mother Shield-fern Sickle Fern Soft Tree-fern Rough Tree-fern Forest Clematis Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS MS LH MH MH MH MH Typical Weed Species Rubus polyanthemus Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Prunella vulgaris Gamochaeta purpurea s.l. Common Name Blackberry Blackberry Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Common Centaury Self-heal Purple Cudweed Invasive high high high high high high high Impact high high high low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland Description: Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locally dominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses and sedges in the ground layer. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T T MS MS MS LH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG GF Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Swamp Gum Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp %Cover LF code 4 5 1 1 3 7 3 3 1 5 2 2 2 na 5% 30% 20% 1% 1% 5% 10% 5% 15% 5% 10% 10% 10% 5% 10% IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Melaleuca ericifolia Leptospermum lanigerum Leptospermum continentale Coprosma quadrifida Bursaria spinosa Senecio minimus Gonocarpus tetragynus Acaena novae-zelandiae Hydrocotyle hirta Dichondra repens Carex appressa Cyperus lucidus Lepidosperma elatius Juncus procerus Phragmites australis Themeda triandra Lomandra filiformis Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Blackwood Swamp Paperbark Woolly Tea-tree Prickly Tea-tree Prickly Currant-bush Sweet Bursaria Shrubby Fireweed Common Raspwort Bidgee-widgee Hairy Pennywort Kidney-weed Tall Sedge Leafy Flat-sedge Tall Sword-sedge Tall Rush Common Reed Kangaroo Grass Wattle Mat-rush Weeping Grass Austral Bracken EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH LH MH MH LNG MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Cirsium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Holcus lanatus Anthoxanthum odoratum Briza maxima Common Name Invasive Impact Spear Thistle Common Sow-thistle Cat's Ear Self-heal Yorkshire Fog Sweet Vernal-grass Large Quaking-grass high high high high high high high high low low high high high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland Description: This EVC is usually treeless, but in some instances can include sparse River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis or Swamp Gum Eucalyptus ovata. A sparse shrub component may also be present. The characteristic ground cover is dominated by grasses and small sedges and herbs. The vegetation is typically species-rich on the outer verges but is usually species-poor in the wetter central areas. Life forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens #Spp 3 10 2 2 2 10 4 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code LH LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG Species typical of at least part of EVC range v Craspedia paludicola Villarsia reniformis Myriophyllum crispatum Lythrum hyssopifolia Centella cordifolia Neopaxia australasica Myriophyllum integrifolium Amphibromus nervosus Baumea arthrophylla Schoenus tesquorum Triglochin alcockiae Notodanthonia semiannularis Austrodanthonia duttoniana Eleocharis acuta Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata k Eleocharis macbarronii Triglochin striatum Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10% cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 10% 20% 10% 5% 10% 20% 10% 10% LF code LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL 95% Common Name Swamp Billy-buttons Running Marsh-flower Upright Water-milfoil Small Loosestrife Centella White Purslane Tiny Water-milfoil Common Swamp Wallaby-grass Fine Twig-sedge Soft Bog-sedge Southern Water-ribbons Wetland Wallaby-grass Brown-back Wallaby-grass Common Spike-sedge Mat Grass Grey Spike-sedge Streaked Arrowgrass EVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland) Weediness: LF Code LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG TTG SNG Typical Weed Species Rumex conglomeratus Plantago lanceolata Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Lotus corniculatus Mentha pulegium Centaurium erythraea Plantago coronopus Hypochoeris radicata Anagallis arvensis Trifolium repens var. repens Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera Holcus lanatus Paspalum dilatatum Anthoxanthum odoratum Gladiolus undulatus Juncus articulatus Lolium perenne Briza minor Agrostis capillaris s.l. Paspalum distichum Cyperus tenellus Sisyrinchium iridifolium Common Name Clustered Dock Ribwort Hairy Hawkbit Bird's-foot Trefoil Pennyroyal Common Centaury Buck's-horn Plantain Cat's Ear Pimpernel White Clover Bulbil Watsonia Yorkshire Fog Paspalum Sweet Vernal-grass Wild Gladiolus Jointed Rush Perennial Rye-grass Lesser Quaking-grass Brown-top Bent Water Couch Tiny Flat-sedge Blue Pigroot Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high low low high high low high low low high high high high high low high high low high high low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2005 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest Description: A low, open forest to 15 m tall with a sedgy/grassy understorey with a component of small ericoid shrubs and grass-trees. Soil and moisture factors are critical in delimiting the vegetation. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Eucalyptus cephalocarpa s.l. Eucalyptus obliqua Understorey: Life form #/ha Yellow Box Bundy Silverleaf Stringybark Messmate Stringybark #Spp 2 7 5 2 6 3 2 2 7 1 1 3 na %Cover 5% 10% 15% 5% 1% 10% 5% 5% 20% 15% 1% 1% 5% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Exocarpos cupressiformis Epacris impressa Cassinia aculeata Daviesia leptophylla Cassinia arcuata Platylobium obtusangulum Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Hovea heterophylla Pimelea humilis Acrotriche serrulata Bossiaea prostrata Leptorhynchos tenuifolius Gonocarpus tetragynus Helichrysum scorpioides Opercularia varia Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Oxalis corniculata s.l. Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Deyeuxia quadriseta Gahnia radula Joycea pallida Lomandra filiformis Themeda triandra Poa morrisii Dianella revoluta s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Lindsaea linearis Billardiera scandens Hardenbergia violacea T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF SC SC Common Name Cherry Ballart Common Heath Common Cassinia Narrow-leaf Bitter-pea Drooping Cassinia Common Flat-pea Grey Parrot-pea Common Hovea Common Rice-flower Honey-pots Creeping Bossiaea Wiry Buttons Common Raspwort Button Everlasting Variable Stinkweed Scented Sundew Yellow Wood-sorrel Small Grass-tree Reed Bent-grass Thatch Saw-sedge Silvertop Wallaby-grass Wattle Mat-rush Kangaroo Grass Soft Tussock-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Weeping Grass Screw Fern Common Apple-berry Purple Coral-pea Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code T MS LH MH MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Pinus radiata Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Briza maxima Anthoxanthum odoratum Common Name Radiata Pine Blackberry Ribwort Cat's Ear Large Quaking-grass Sweet Vernal-grass Invasive high high high high high high Impact high high low low low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 128: Grassy Forest Description: Low growing forest to 20 m tall with an understorey of small and medium shrubs and a rich diversity of herbs. Large shrubs and understorey trees may also be conspicuous. Often grows in areas transitional between drier box stringybark forests and taller, herb-rich forests typical of more favourable environments. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Understorey: Life form #/ha Bundy Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp %Cover LF code 2 4 2 2 1 5 3 2 1 3 1 3 na 5% 10% 10% 1% 5% 1% 10% 5% 5% 1% 45% 1% 5% 10% IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG GF SC BL EVC 128: Grassy Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Cassinia aculeata Acacia stricta Pimelea humilis Hovea heterophylla Bossiaea prostrata Platylobium formosum Acrotriche prostrata Hypericum gramineum Acaena agnipila Ranunculus lappaceus Oxalis corniculata s.l. Opercularia varia Dichondra repens Goodenia lanata Tetrarrhena juncea Joycea pallida Themeda triandra Poa morrisii Lomandra filiformis Adiantum aethiopicum Glycine clandestina Comesperma volubile T MS MS MS SS SS PS PS PS MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG GF SC SC Common Name Blackwood Sweet Bursaria Common Cassinia Hop Wattle Common Rice-flower Common Hovea Creeping Bossiaea Handsome Flat-pea Trailing Ground-berry Small St John's Wort Hairy Sheep's Burr Australian Buttercup Yellow Wood-sorrel Variable Stinkweed Kidney-weed Trailing Goodenia Forest Wire-grass Silvertop Wallaby-grass Kangaroo Grass Soft Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Common Maidenhair Twining Glycine Love Creeper Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS LH MH MTG Typical Weed Species Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Briza maxima Common Name Blackberry Ribwort Cat's Ear Large Quaking-grass Invasive high high high high Impact high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 132_61: LaTrobe Valley Plains Grassland Description: Treeless vegetation dominated by largely grass and herb life forms. Shrubs and trees may be also occasionally present. Life Forms: Life form Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code LH MH MH MH MH SH MTG MTG MTG MNG SC #Spp 1 2 12 3 1 10 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Calocephalus citreus Eryngium ovinum Acaena echinata Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Leptorhynchos squamatus Solenogyne dominii Themeda triandra Schoenus apogon Austrodanthonia setacea Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Recruitment: Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10 % cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 1% 5% 30% 5% 1% 40% 5% 10% 95% LF code SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL Common Name Lemon Beauty-heads Blue Devil Sheep's Burr Pale Sundew Scaly Buttons Smooth Solenogyne Kangaroo Grass Common Bog-sedge Bristly Wallaby-grass Weeping Grass Pink Bindweed EVC 132_61: LaTrobe Valley Plains Grassland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code SS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Typical Weed Species Galenia pubescens var. pubescens Rumex conglomeratus Plantago lanceolata Senecio jacobaea Rapistrum rugosum Lepidium africanum Urtica dioica Cirsium vulgare Plantago coronopus Hypochoeris radicata Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Trifolium repens var. repens Holcus lanatus Paspalum dilatatum Sporobolus africanus Bromus catharticus Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Romulea rosea Agrostis capillaris s.l. Vulpia bromoides Lolium rigidum Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Ehrharta longiflora Dactylis glomerata Common Name Galenia Clustered Dock Ribwort Ragwort Giant Mustard Common Peppercress Giant Nettle Spear Thistle Buck's-horn Plantain Cat's Ear Common Mouse-ear Chickweed White Clover Yorkshire Fog Paspalum Rat-tail Grass Prairie Grass Soft Brome Onion Grass Brown-top Bent Squirrel-tail Fescue Wimmera Rye-grass Panic Veldt-grass Annual Veldt-grass Cocksfoot Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high low low high high low low high low low low low high high high low low low high low low high low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 132_62: South Gippsland Plains Grassland Description: Treeless or with occasional scattered trees above a largely grassy understorey on grey silty-loamy soils, often seasonally waterlogged. Shrubs may be also occasionally present. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code LH LH LH LH MH MH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG SC #Spp 5 12 6 3 5 2 na %Cover LF code 5% 5% 5% 10% 50% 10% 10% 95% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Tricoryne elatior Leptorhyncos tenuifolius Calocephalus lacteus Haloragis heterophylla Oxalis exilis Acaena novae-zelandiae Dichondra repens Poa labillardierei Lomandra longifolia Themeda triandra Lachnagrostis filiformis Schoenus apogon Austrodanthonia laevis Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Distichlis distichopylla Clematis microphylla Recruitment: Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Organic Litter: 10 % cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL Common Name Yellow Rush-lily Wiry Buttons Milky Beauty-heads Varied Raspwort Shady Wood-sorrel Bidgee-widgee Kidney-weed Common Tussock-grass Spiny-headed Mat-rush Kangaroo Grass Common Blown-Grass Common Bog-sedge Smooth Wallaby-grass Mat Grass Australian Salt-grass Small-leaved Clematis EVC 132_62: South Gippsland Plains Grassland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species SS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Common Name Galenia pubescens var. pubescens Galenia Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Senecio jacobaea Ragwort Lepidium africanum Common Peppercress Urtica dioica Giant Nettle Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome Romulea rosea Onion Grass Agrostis capillaris s.l. Brown-top Bent Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot Invasive Impact high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high high low low low low low low low high high high high high high low low low high low low low high low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment August 2005 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 133: Limestone Pomaderris Shrubland Description: Open woodland to 10 m tall or shrubland with scattered emergent eucalypts to 5 m tall occurring on steep, north facing aspects associated with limestone cliffs with an understorey dominated by medium shrubs. It is found at altitudes of 750 m above sea level and receives a moderate rainfall of approximately over 700 mm per annum. + woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrubland areas and standardise final score as appropriate) Large trees+: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 60 cm Tree Canopy Cover+: %cover Character Species 10% Immature Canopy Tree+ Understorey Tree or Large Shrub+ Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 10 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus viminalis Understorey: Life form #/ha Manna Gum #Spp 2 9 2 5 10 3 2 7 3 na na %Cover 5% 10% 45% 1% 5% 15% 5% 1% 30% 1% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG SC BL S/C EVC 133: Limestone Pomaderris Shrubland - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code T MS MS MS MS SS SS PS LH LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG GF SC SC SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range V v Acacia caerulescens K v Ozothamnus adnatus Bursaria spinosa ssp. lasiophylla R r Pomaderris oraria ssp. calcicola R r Pomaderris oraria r Pimelea flava ssp. dichotoma Pimelea glauca Astroloma humifusum Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Senecio quadridentatus r Arthropodium sp. 1 (robust glaucous) Oxalis perennans Daucus glochidiatus Galium migrans Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle laxiflora Cymbonotus preissianus Lomandra longifolia Austrostipa nodosa Austrostipa blackii Themeda triandra Carex breviculmis Dianella revoluta s.l. Poa labillardierei Pleurosorus rutifolius s.l. k Clematis microphylla var. leptophylla Clematis microphylla Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Common Name Limestone Blue Wattle Winged Everlasting Hairy Bursaria Limestone Pomaderris Bassian Pomaderris Diosma Rice-flower Smooth Rice-flower Cranberry Heath Sprawling Bluebell Cotton Fireweed Tall Vanilla-lily Grassland Wood-sorrel Australian Carrot Wandering Bedstraw Kidney-weed Stinking Pennywort Austral Bear's-ear Spiny-headed Mat-rush Knotty Spear-grass Crested Spear-grass Kangaroo Grass Common Grass-sedge Black-anther Flax-lily Common Tussock-grass Blanket Fern Skeleton Vine Small-leaved Clematis Pink Bindweed Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs+: 5 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MTG Typical Weed Species Rosa rubiginosa Sonchus oleraceus Cirsium vulgare Centaurium tenuiflorum Centaurium erythraea Anagallis arvensis Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Galium murale Cardamine hirsuta s.l. Hypochoeris radicata Petrorhagia velutina Veronica persica Stellaria media Catapodium rigidum Common Name Invasive Impact Sweet Briar Common Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Slender Centaury Common Centaury Pimpernel Garden Dandelion Small Goosegrass Common Bitter-cress Cat's Ear Velvety Pink Persian Speedwell Chickweed Fern Grass low high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 134: Sand Forest Description: Eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring on deep, low fertility sand deposits subject to high fire frequency. The understorey is visually dominated by Austral Bracken and the overall diversity is low. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T MS MS MS SS PS PS MH MH LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF Common Name Eucalyptus globoidea Eucalyptus consideniana Eucalyptus obliqua 30% White Stringybark Yertchuk Messmate Stringybark #Spp %Cover LF code 1 3 1 2 2 1 7 2 1 na 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 1% 15% 1% 50% 10 % IT T MS SS PS MH LTG MTG MNG GF BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Banksia serrata Leptospermum continentale Brachyloma daphnoides Acacia paradoxa Astroloma conostephioides Bossiaea prostrata Astroloma humifusum Goodenia geniculata Gonocarpus tetragynus Xanthorrhoea australis Lomandra filiformis Austrodanthonia geniculata Lomandra nana Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 15m/0.1 ha Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Black Wattle Saw Banksia Prickly Tea-tree Daphne Heath Hedge Wattle Flame Heath Creeping Bossiaea Cranberry Heath Bent Goodenia Common Raspwort Austral Grass-tree Wattle Mat-rush Kneed Wallaby-grass Dwarf Mat-rush Weeping Grass Austral Bracken EVC 134: Sand Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code MH MH LNG MNG MNG MNG MNG MNG MNG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Hypochoeris glabra Holcus lanatus Vulpia bromoides Briza minor Briza maxima Aira elegantissima Holcus setosus Aira praecox Common Name Cat's Ear Smooth Cat's-ear Yorkshire Fog Squirrel-tail Fescue Lesser Quaking-grass Large Quaking-grass Delicate Hair-grass Annual Fog Early Hair-grass Invasive high high high high high high high high high Impact low low high low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 135: Gallery Rainforest Description: Closed forest to 20 m tall occurring along the fringes of substantial streams that periodically flood. The understorey comprises of a number of willowy shrubs that can withstand flooding while mature woody vines are generally absent. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Various spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 50% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Epiphyte Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Tristaniopsis laurina Acacia melanoxylon Understorey: Life form #/ha Kanooka Blackwood #Spp 4 12 2 1 1 6 2 4 1 4 2 6 1 2 8 na %Cover 5% 20% 30% 5% 1% 1% 10% 1% 15% 1% 5% 5% 20% 1% 5% 10% 20% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF TRF EP SC BL EVC 135: Gallery Rainforest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Elaeocarpus reticulatus Rapanea howittiana Notelaea venosa Coprosma quadrifida Lomatia myricoides Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Platylobium formosum Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Geranium potentilloides Gratiola peruviana Opercularia aspera Dichondra repens Lomandra longifolia Gahnia sieberiana Gahnia clarkei Tetrarrhena juncea Dianella tasmanica Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Isolepis inundata Poa sieberiana Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Oplismenus hirtellus Blechnum nudum Adiantum aethiopicum Calochlaena dubia Blechnum cartilagineum Cyathea australis Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Eustrephus latifolius Smilax australis Tylophora barbata Clematis aristata T T MS MS MS MS PS MH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF GF GF GF TRF EP SC SC SC SC Common Name Blue Oliveberry Mutton-wood Large Mock-olive Prickly Currant-bush River Lomatia Lance Beard-heath Handsome Flat-pea Ivy-leaf Violet Cinquefoil Cranesbill Austral Brooklime Coarse Stinkweed Kidney-weed Spiny-headed Mat-rush Red-fruit Saw-sedge Tall Saw-sedge Forest Wire-grass Tasman Flax-lily Paroo Lily Swamp Club-sedge Grey Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Australian Basket-grass Fishbone Water-fern Common Maidenhair Common Ground-fern Gristle Fern Rough Tree-fern Common Filmy Fern Wombat Berry Austral Sarsaparilla Bearded Tylophora Mountain Clematis Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH Typical Weed Species Conyza spp. Prunella vulgaris Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Invasive Impact Fleabane Self-heal Cat's Ear high high high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 136: Sedge Wetland Description: Occupies seasonal wetlands and consists of generally treeless vegetation dominated by sedges. May contain a fringe of shrubs and isolated shrubs may also be present throughout. Usually of low diversity in central areas, but richer on verges and in some more ephemeral forms of the EVC. Frequently on soils of high organic content, in depressions within sandy terrain. Life form: Life form Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code #Spp 1 1 4 1 2 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Allocasuarina misera/paradoxa Villarsia reniformis Utricularia australis Goodenia humilis Centella cordifolia Baumea articulata Lepidosperma longitudinale Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Lepidosperma concavum Lepyrodia muelleri Isolepis fluitans MS LH MH MH MH LTG LNG LNG MTG MNG MNG Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10 % cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 10% 15% 30% 1% 10% 10% 85% LF code MS LH MH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL Common Name Slender/Green Sheoak Running Marsh-flower Yellow Bladderwort Swamp Goodenia Centella Jointed Twig-sedge Pithy Sword-sedge Soft Twig-rush Sandhill Sword-sedge Common Scale-rush Floating Club-sedge EVC 136: Sedge Wetland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 140: Mangrove Shrubland Description: Shrubland to 2m tall. Confined to protected low energy coastal environments where there is sufficient shelter from strong wave action and currents to allow the accumulation of fine sediments, generally on mud flats within the tidal zone. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid #Spp 1 1 Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Avicennia marina ssp. australasica Zostera muelleri MS MNG Recruitment: Continuous Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 40% 5% LF code MS MNG 25% Common Name White Mangrove Dwarf Grass-wrack EVC 140: Mangrove Shrubland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 141: Sandy Flood Scrub Description: Structurally dominated by medium to large shrubs to 8 m tall with occasional eucalypt emergents. The understorey may contain a range of shrubs, grasses/sedges and herbs/ferns depending on location and period of inundation. Occupies alluvial terraces with coarse to fine sandy soils of permanent streams and rivers. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name Leptospermum continentale Kunzea ericoides Pomaderris aspera Acacia mearnsii 40% Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Prickly Tea-tree Burgan Hazel Pomaderris Black Wattle #Spp 3 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Monotoca scoparia Banksia marginata Callistemon citrinus Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Phyllanthus hirtellus Lomandra longifolia Poa labillardierei Carex appressa Lepidosperma longitudinale Caustis flexuosa Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Pteridium esculentum Adiantum aethiopicum MS MS MS SS MH LTG LTG LTG LNG MNG MNG TTG GF GF Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 15% 1% 5% 1% 15% 10% 1% 5% 5% 20% LF code MS SS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL 75% Common Name Prickly Broom-heath Silver Banksia Crimson Bottlebrush Bundled Guinea-flower Thyme Spurge Spiny-headed Mat-rush Common Tussock-grass Tall Sedge Pithy Sword-sedge Curly Wig Weeping Grass Hairy Centrolepis Austral Bracken Common Maidenhair EVC 141: Sandy Flood Scrub - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 151: Plains Grassy Forest Description: Open forest to 20 m tall often above a heathy shrub layer and a diverse grassy, sedgy and herbaceous ground layer. Occurs on lowland plains and old river terraces made up of gravelly sandy clays. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus muelleriana Eucalyptus bridgesiana s.l. Eucalyptus polyanthemos Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Understorey: Life form #/ha Yellow Stringybark But But Red Box Red Stringybark #Spp 3 6 3 2 3 6 2 2 1 4 2 2 na %Cover 5% 15% 20% 5% 5% 5% 10% 5% 10% 5% 15% 1% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL EVC 151: Plains Grassy Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Allocasuarina littoralis Acacia mearnsii Acacia implexa Exocarpos cupressiformis Leptospermum continentale Banksia marginata Kunzea ericoides Melaleuca parvistaminea Pimelea humilis Hibbertia riparia Platylobium obtusangulum Phyllanthus hirtellus Acrotriche serrulata Bossiaea prostrata Astroloma humifusum Tricoryne elatior Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Poranthera microphylla Hypericum gramineum Hydrocotyle hirta Gonocarpus tetragynus Dichondra repens Oxalis corniculata s.l. Opercularia varia Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Lomandra longifolia Gahnia radula Themeda triandra Poa australis spp. agg. Lomandra filiformis Lepidosperma laterale Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Entolasia marginata Pteridium esculentum T T T T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS PS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF Common Name Black Sheoak Black Wattle Lightwood Cherry Ballart Prickly Tea-tree Silver Banksia Burgan Rough-barked Honey-myrtle Common Rice-flower Erect Guinea-flower Common Flat-pea Thyme Spurge Honey-pots Creeping Bossiaea Cranberry Heath Yellow Rush-lily Sprawling Bluebell Small Poranthera Small St John's Wort Hairy Pennywort Common Raspwort Kidney-weed Yellow Wood-sorrel Variable Stinkweed Small Grass-tree Spiny-headed Mat-rush Thatch Saw-sedge Kangaroo Grass Tussock Grass Wattle Mat-rush Variable Sword-sedge Weeping Grass Bordered Panic Austral Bracken Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH Typical Weed Species Centaurium tenuiflorum Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Common Name Invasive Impact Slender Centaury Cat's Ear Common Centaury high high high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 155: Bird Colony Succulent Herbland Description: Closed herbland formed on nutrient-enriched sandy substrates associated with shearwater and penguin breeding colonies. A species-poor EVC dominated by species able to cope with both the nutrient enrichment and the severe disturbance caused by the large numbers of burrowing birds. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code #Spp 1 2 5 1 1 3 2 1 %Cover 10% 5% 10% 10% 5% 30% 5% 5% MS LH MH SH LNG MTG MNG SC 75% Character Species Common Name Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Plantago varia Asperula conferta Poa poiformis Tetragonia implexicoma Clematis microphylla MS MH MH MTG SC SC LF code Seaberry Saltbush Variable Plantain Common Woodruff Coast Tussock-grass Bower Spinach Small-leaved Clematis Recruitment: Continuous. Organic Litter: NA Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH MH MH LNG LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG Lycium ferocissimum Sonchus oleraceus Senecio elegans Hypochoeris radicata Cakile maritima ssp. maritima Ammophila arenaria Holcus lanatus Ehrharta longiflora Bromus diandrus Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Lagurus ovatus Vulpia fasciculata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name African Box-thorn Common Sow-thistle Purple Groundsel Cat's Ear Sea Rocket Marram Grass Yorkshire Fog Annual Veldt-grass Great Brome Panic Veldt-grass Hare's-tail Grass Dune Fescue Invasive Impact high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high low low high high low low high low low EVC 155: Bird Colony Succulent Herbland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 160: Coastal Dune Scrub Description: Closed scrub to 5 m tall with occasional emergents occurring on secondary dunes along ocean and bay beaches and lake shores. Occupies siliceous and calcareous sands that are subject to high levels of saltspray and continuous disturbance from onshore winds. Life forms: Life form Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS SH LTG LTG MTG MTG SC #Spp 6 1 3 1 2 6 1 3 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia longifolia s.l. Leptospermum laevigatum Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Leucopogon parviflorus Carpobrotus rossii Austrostipa mollis Austrostipa flavescens Austrodanthonia geniculata Lepidosperma concavum Tetragonia implexicoma Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 50% 1% 10% 1% 5% 15% 1% 5% 10% LF code MS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG SC BL Common Name Coast Wattle Coast Tea-tree Seaberry Saltbush Coast Beard-heath Karkalla Supple Spear-grass Coast Spear-grass Kneed Wallaby-grass Sandhill Sword-sedge Bower Spinach EVC 160: Coastal Dune Scrub - Gippsland Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code MS MS MS MS LH MH MH MH SH SH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG SC SC SC Typical Weed Species Chrysanthemoides monilifera Coprosma repens Lycium ferocissimum Cotoneaster pannosus Sonchus oleraceus Salpichroa origanifolia Hypochoeris radicata Hypochoeris glabra Medicago polymorpha Crassula multicava ssp. multicava Carpobrotus edulis Pennisetum clandestinum Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Ehrharta longiflora Bromus diandrus Romulea rosea Sporobolus africanus Vulpia bromoides Hainardia cylindrica Bromus catharticus Lagurus ovatus Aira caryophyllea Tradescantia fluminensis Delairea odorata Asparagus asparagoides Common Name Boneseed Mirror Bush African Box-thorn Velvet Cotoneaster Common Sow-thistle Pampas Lily-of-the-Valley Cat's Ear Smooth Cat's-ear Burr Medic Shade Crassula Hottentot Fig Kikuyu Panic Veldt-grass Annual Veldt-grass Great Brome Onion Grass Rat-tail Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Common Barb-grass Prairie Grass Hare's-tail Grass Silvery Hair-grass Wandering Jew Cape Ivy Bridal Creeper Invasive high low low low high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high high high high low high high low low low high high high low low low high low low low low low high high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 161: Coastal Headland Scrub Description: Scrub or low shrubland to 2 m tall on steep, rocky coastal headlands often associated with cliffs exposed to the stresses of extreme salt-laden winds and salt spray from the south west. Occurs on shallow sands along rocky sections of the coast. Life forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens #Spp 7 2 2 4 2 1 4 2 2 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC SC %Cover 50% 5% 1% 5% 5% 1% 10% 5% 5% 10% LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG SC BL 70% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum laevigatum Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Leucopogon parviflorus Leucophyta brownii Dichondra repens Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Dianella brevicaulis Lachnagrostis billardierei s.l. Poa poiformis Austrodanthonia caespitosa Ficinia nodosa Clematis microphylla Tetragonia implexicoma Common Name Coast Tea-tree Coast Wattle Seaberry Saltbush Coast Beard-heath Cushion Bush Kidney-weed Rounded Noon-flower Small-flower Flax-lily Coast Blown-grass Coast Tussock-grass Common Wallaby-grass Knobby Club-sedge Small-leaved Clematis Bower Spinach Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Weediness: LF Code MS MS LH MH MTG Typical Weed Species Chrysanthemoides monilifera Polygala myrtifolia var. myrtifolia Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Boneseed Myrtle-leaf Milkwort Common Sow-thistle Cat's Ear Panic Veldt-grass Invasive high high high high high Impact high high low low high EVC 161: Coastal Headland Scrub - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 163: Coastal Tussock Grassland Description: A tussock grassland that may contain emergent shrubs. Occurs on exposed coastal cliffs and bluffs. Soils are saline and the strong salt-laden winds preclude tree growth. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS MS MH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG #Spp 3 1 1 2 5 3 3 4 2 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leucopogon parviflorus Correa alba Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Samolus repens Asperula conferta Daucus glochidiatus Selliera radicans Gahnia trifida Austrostipa stipoides Dichelachne crinita Poa poiformis Schoenus apogon Dianella revoluta s.l. Lepidosperma gladiatum Baumea juncea %Cover 20% 5% 1% 5% 10% 5% 10% 25% 5% 10% 10% LF code MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL S/C Common Name Coast Beard-heath White Correa Ivy-leaf Violet Creeping Brookweed Common Woodruff Austral Carrot Shiny Swamp-mat Coast Saw-sedge Prickly Spear-grass Long-hair Plume-grass Coast Tussock-grass Common Bog-sedge Black-anther Flax-lily Coast Sword-sedge Bare Twig-sedge Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH MH MH Typical Weed Species Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata Anagallis arvensis Plantago coronopus Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Invasive Impact Common Sow-thistle Cat's Ear Pimpernel Buck's-horn Plantain Hairy Hawkbit high high high high high low low low low low EVC 163: Coastal Tussock Grassland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 164: Creekline Herb-rich Woodland Description: Woodland or open forest to 15 m tall occurring on creek terraces and along shallow drainage lines with ephemeral flows. Soils are mostly alluvial deposits of seasonally wet sands and silts. Characterised by a sparse shrub layer above a grassy/sedgy understorey, often rich in herbs within the inter-tussock spaces. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS LH LH MH MH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MNG MNG MNG GF GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus ovata 20% Manna Gum Swamp Gum #Spp %Cover LF code 2 5 2 5 1 3 1 2 2 2 na 5% 10% 15% 1% 5% 1% 15% 5% 5% 10% 20% 20% IT T MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Leptospermum continentale Ozothamnus ferrugineus Cassinia aculeata Senecio minimus Senecio linearifolius Lobelia anceps Senecio sp. aff. tenuiflorus Oxalis exilis Lomandra longifolia Lepidosperma laterale var. majus Poa labillardierei Gahnia radula Poa clelandii Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Poa tenera Imperata cylindrica Pteridium esculentum Adiantum aethiopicum Glycine clandestina Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Blackwood Prickly Tea-tree Tree Everlasting Common Cassinia Shrubby Fireweed Fireweed Groundsel Angled Lobelia Beaked Fireweed Shady Wood-sorrel Spiny-headed Mat-rush Variable Sword-sedge Common Tussock-grass Thatch Saw-sedge Noah's Ark Weeping Grass Slender Tussock-grass Blady Grass Austral Bracken Common Maidenhair Twining Glycine EVC 164: Creekline Herb-rich Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code MS MS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG SC Typical Weed Species Chrysanthemoides monilifera Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Plantago lanceolata Crepis capillaris Sonchus oleraceus Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Oxalis pes-caprae Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Trifolium dubium Centaurium erythraea Trifolium repens var. repens Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera Holcus lanatus Anthoxanthum odoratum Romulea rosea Gladiolus undulatus Agrostis capillaris s.l. Poa annua Paspalum dilatatum Ehrharta longiflora Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Briza maxima Dactylis glomerata Aira caryophyllea Vicia sativa Common Name Boneseed Blackberry Ribwort Smooth Hawksbeard Common Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Soursob Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Suckling Clover Common Centaury White Clover Bulbil Watsonia Yorkshire Fog Sweet Vernal-grass Onion Grass Wild Gladiolus Brown-top Bent Annual Meadow-grass Paspalum Annual Veldt-grass Panic Veldt-grass Large Quaking-grass Cocksfoot Silvery Hair-grass Common Vetch Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high high low low low high low high low low low low high high high low low high low high low high low high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 169: Dry Valley Forest Description: Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring along minor gullies, ephemeral streams and river flats. The understorey consists of a range of shrubs and herbs. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T T MS MS MS MS SS MH MH MH MH SH SH SH MTG MNG MNG GF GF GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus globoidea Eucalyptus muelleriana Eucalyptus polyanthemos Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus radiata Eucalyptus bridgesiana White Stringybark Yellow Stingybark Red Box Red Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint But But #Spp 2 4 9 4 1 1 2 3 3 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Exocarpos cupressiformis Pomaderris aspera Kunzea ericoides Cassinia longifolia Hymenanthera dentata Coprosma quadrifida Rubus parvifolius Hydrocotyle laxiflora Acaena novae-zelandiae Viola hederacea Veronica plebeia Opercularia hispida Oxalis corniculata s.l. Dichondra repens Lepidosperma laterale Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Luzula campestris spp. agg. Pteridium esculentum Adiantum aethiopicum Asplenium flabellifolium Clematis aristata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 30% 20% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 5% 10% LF code IT T MS MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL Common Name Black Wattle Cherry Ballart Hazel Pomaderris Burgan Shiny Cassinia Tree Violet Prickly Currant-bush Small-leaf Bramble Stinking Pennywort Bidgee-widgee Ivy-leaf Violet Trailing Speedwell Hairy Stinkweed Yellow Wood-sorrel Kidney-weed Variable Sword-sedge Weeping Grass Field Woodrush Austral Bracken Common Maidenhair Necklace Fern Mountain Clematis EVC 169: Dry Valley Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH MH Typical Weed Species Cirsium vulgare Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Hypochoeris radicata Polycarpon tetraphyllum Common Name Invasive Impact Spear Thistle Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Cat's Ear Four-leaved Allseed high high high high high low low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 175: Grassy Woodland Description: A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or occasionally Sheoak woodland to 10 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. Allocasuarina spp. DBH(cm) 70 cm 40 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 15 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Allocasuarina verticillata Understorey: Life form #/ha Narrow-leaf Peppermint Drooping Sheoak #Spp 2 6 2 2 2 8 3 2 1 6 2 1 2 na %Cover 5% 10% 15% 5% 1% 5% 10% 5% 10% 10% 20% 10% 5% 5% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 175: Grassy Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code T T T MS MS MS MS SS SS PS PS PS LH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF SC SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Allocasuarina littoralis Exocarpos cupressiformis Leptospermum continentale Epacris impressa Cassinia aculeata Acacia paradoxa Pimelea humilis Hibbertia riparia Bossiaea prostrata Astroloma humifusum Acrotriche serrulata Pterostylis longifolia s.l. Gonocarpus tetragynus Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Dichondra repens Opercularia varia Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Deyeuxia quadriseta Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Lomandra longifolia Gahnia radula Lomandra filiformis Themeda triandra Poa sieberiana Lepidosperma laterale Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Comesperma volubile Billardiera scandens Common Name Black Wattle Black Sheoak Cherry Ballart Prickly Tea-tree Common Heath Common Cassinia Hedge Wattle Common Rice-flower Erect Guinea-flower Creeping Bossiaea Cranberry Heath Honey-pots Tall Greenhood Common Raspwort Tall Sundew Kidney-weed Variable Stinkweed Scented Sundew Reed Bent-grass Small Grass-tree Spiny-headed Mat-rush Thatch Saw-sedge Wattle Mat-rush Kangaroo Grass Grey Tussock-grass Variable Sword-sedge Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Love Creeper Common Apple-berry Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code T T MS MH MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Pinus radiata Pittosporum undulatum Chrysanthemoides monilifera Hypochoeris radicata Anthoxanthum odoratum Briza maxima Common Name Invasive Impact Radiata Pine Sweet Pittosporum Boneseed Cat's Ear Sweet Vernal-grass Large Quaking-grass high high high high high high high high high low high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 191: Riparian Scrub Description: A dense shrubland to 6 m tall with occasional eucalypt emergents growing on waterlogged substrates often with a peaty surface horizon. Emergent eucalypts may be occasionally present. The understorey is often species-poor and consists typically of sedges tolerant of seasonal waterlogging. Occurs along creeks and minor stream tributaries of the lowland plains. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name Melaleuca squarrosa Leptospermnum continentale 60% Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code Scented Paperbark Prickly Tea-tree #Spp 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Coprosma quadrifida Ozothamnus ferrugineus Acacia verticillata Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Gonocarpus tetragynus Selaginella uliginosa Gahnia sieberiana Lepidosperma longitudinale Baumea tetragona Schoenus brevifolius Empodisma minus Pteridium esculentum Gleichenia microphylla Billardiera scandens Cassytha glabella MS MS MS MS SS MH MH LTG LNG MNG MNG MNG GF SC SC SC Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 10% 1% 1% 1% 10% 5% 1% 15% 5% 15% 20% 80% LF code MS SS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL Common Name Prickly Currant-bush Tree Everlasting Prickly Moses Rosemary Everlastiong Broom Spurge Common Raspwort Swamp Selaginella Red-fruit Saw-sedge Pithy Sword-sedge Square Twig-rush Zig-zag Bog-sedge Spreading Rope-rush Austral Bracken Scrambling Coral-fern Common Apple-berry Slender Dodder-laurel EVC 191: Riparian Scrub - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 309: Calcareous Swale Grassland Description: A low coastal grassland that develops on the swales of calcareous sand dunes of Quaternary origin. The only known location of this grassland, at Wilsons Promontory, was disturbed in the past and is now invaded by Coast Tea-tree, Silky Guinea-flower and Drooping Sheoak. Lifeforms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS SS PS LH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG SC SC #Spp 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum laevigatum Leucopogon parviflorus Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Allocasuarina verticillata Hibbertia sericea s.l. Acrotriche prostrata Senecio pinnatifolius Lagenophora stipitata Geranium potentilloides Dichondra repens Oxalis exilis Lomandra longifolia Austrostipa flavescens Dianella revoluta s.l. Carex breviculmis Austrodanthonia setacea Themeda triandra Dichelachne crinita Ficinia nodosa Baumea juncea Clematis microphylla Comesperma volubile Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 30% 1% 1% 1% 5% 5% 5% 10% 20% 5% 20% LF code MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG SC BL Common Name Coast Tea-tree Coast Beard-heath Sweet Bursaria Drooping Sheoak Silky Guinea-flower Trailing Ground-berry Variable Groundsel Common Bottle-daisy Cinquefoil Cranesbill Kidney-weed Shady Wood-sorrel Spiny-headed Mat-rush Coast Spear-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Common Grass-sedge Bristly Wallaby-grass Kangaroo Grass Long-hair Plume-grass Knobby Club-sedge Bare Twig-sedge Small-leaved Clematis Love Creeper EVC 309: Calcareous Swale Grassland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10% Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MH MH MH MTG MNG Und Centaurium erythraea Anagallis arvensis Arenaria serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Catapodium rigidum Aira caryophyllea Hypochoeris spp. Common Name Common Centaury Pimpernel Thyme-leaved Sandwort Fern Grass Silvery Hair-grass Cat's Ear Invasive high high high high high high Impact high high low low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 311: Berm Grassy Shrubland Description: Low shrubland to 1.5 m tall occurring in sheltered coastal areas where sand deposits have formed as a result of low energy wave action. Contains a number of halophytic species over a ground layer of grasses and herbs. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid #Spp 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code Atriplex cinerea Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Senecio pinnatifolius Senecio glomeratus Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Actites megalocarpa Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Dichondra repens Dichelachne crinita Poa poiformis Austrofestuca littoralis Distichlis distichophylla Ficinia nodosa 20% 5% 5% 10% 5% 1% 25% 10% LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG 70% Species typical of at least part of EVC range MS MS SS LH LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MNG MNG %Cover Common Name Coast Saltbush Seaberry Saltbush Southern Sea-heath Variable Groundsel Annual Fireweed Beaded Glasswort Jersey Cudweed Coast Sow-thistle Rounded Noon-flower Kidneyweed Long-hair Plume Grass Coast Tussock-grass Coast Fescue Australian Salt-grass Knobby Club-sedge Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10% Cover Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH MH MH MH MNG MNG Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera Sonchus oleraceus Conyza albida Polycarpon tetraphyllum Hypochoeris radicata Anagallis arvensis Vulpia myuros Lagurus ovatus Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Boneseed Common Sow-thistle Tall Fleabane Four-leaved Allseed Cat's Ear Pimpernel Rat's-tail Fescue Hare's-tail Grass Invasive high high high high high high high high Impact high low low low low low low low EVC 311: Berm Grassy Shrubland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest Description: Grows in gullies and on protected slopes on relatively skeletal but fertile sedimentary soils. Occurs at elevations of around 500 m above sea level and receives a low to moderate annual rainfall of approximately 750 mm. The overstorey includes a variety of Eucalypt species to 30 m tall. Silver Wattle is a common understorey tree. The dense mid stratum is comprised of medium to large shrubs characteristic of both drier and damper environments. The ground layer has a sparse cover of grasses and herbs, and commonly includes Austral Bracken. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 90 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Understorey: Life form #/ha Messmate Stringybark #Spp 4 8 2 1 4 8 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 na %Cover 5% 20% 20% 10% 1% 5% 15% 5% 5% 1% 10% 5% 15% 1% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF TRF SC BL EVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Pomaderris aspera Acacia dealbata Exocarpos cupressiformis Cassinia longifolia Pimelea axiflora Coprosma quadrifida Olearia lirata Olearia megalophylla Senecio linearifolius Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Gonocarpus tetragynus Lagenophora stipitata Lomandra longifolia Gahnia sieberiana Dianella tasmanica Poa australis spp. agg. Dianella revoluta s.l. Austrodanthonia pilosa Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Blechnum wattsii Clematis aristata T T T MS MS MS MS SS LH MH MH MH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF GF SC Common Name Hazel Pomaderris Silver Wattle Cherry Ballart Shiny Cassinia Bootlace Bush Prickly Currant-bush Snowy Daisy-bush Large-leaf Daisy-bush Fireweed Groundsel Ivy-leaf Violet Common Raspwort Common Bottle-daisy Spiny-headed Mat-rush Red-fruit Saw-sedge Tasman Flax-lily Tussock Grass Black-anther Flax-lily Velvet Wallaby-grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Mother Shield-fern Hard Water-fern Mountain Clematis Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 641: Riparian Woodland Description: Occurs beside permanent streams, typically on narrow alluvial deposits. Woodland to 20 m tall generally dominated by Eucalyptus camaldulensis over a tussock grass-dominated understorey. Tall shrubs may be present and amphibious herbs may occur in occasional ponds and beside creeks. While flooding may be common, sites are rarely inundated for lengthy periods. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T MS MS MS MS SS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG SC Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Eucalyptus tereticornis River Red-gum Manna Gum Gippsland Red Gum #Spp 2 4 1 4 5 1 3 1 4 2 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Melaleuca ericifolia Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Hymenanthera dentata Callistemon sieberi Gynatrix pulchella Rubus parvifolius Wahlenbergia gracilis s.s. Senecio minimus Myriophyllum crispatum Rumex brownii Oxalis perennans Mentha australis Acaena novae-zelandiae Dichondra repens Poa labillardierei Carex appressa Phragmites australis Lachnagrostis filiformis var. filiformis Triglochin procerum s.l. Eleocharis acuta Calystegia sepium Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 10% 5% 15% 10% 5% 15% 5% 20% 5% 5% 10% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC BL Common Name Black Wattle Swamp Paperbark Sweet Bursaria Tree Violet River Bottlebrush Hemp Bush Small-leaf Bramble Sprawling Bluebell Shrubby Groundsel Upright Water-milfoil Slender Dock Grassland Wood-sorrel River Mint Bidgee-widgee Kidneyweed Common Tussock-grass Tall Sedge Common Reed Common Blown-grass Water-ribbons Common Spike-sedge Large Bindweed EVC 641: Riparian Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 30% cover Logs: 20m / 0.1 ha Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG SC Rosa rubiginosa Sonchus oleraceus Cirsium vulgare Plantago lanceolata Helminthotheca echioides Rumex crispus Aster subulatus Rorippa palustris Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hypochoeris radicata Phalaris aquatica Holcus lanatus Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Anthoxanthum odoratum Paspalum distichum Galium aparine Common Name Invasive Impact Sweet Briar Common Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Ribwort Ox-tongue Curled Dock Aster-weed Marsh Yellow-cress Hairy Hawkbit Cat's Ear Toowoomba Canary-grass Yorkshire Fog Soft Brome Sweet Vernal-grass Water Couch Cleavers high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high low low low low high low low high high low high high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 651: Plains Swampy Woodland Description: Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with ground layer dominated by tussock grasses, sedges and herbs. Shrubs are often scattered throughout. Occurs on poorly drained, seasonally waterlogged heavy soils. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 10% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum #Spp 1 3 3 8 4 3 1 7 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Leptospermum continentale Ozothamnus ferrugineus Allocasuarina paludosa Senecio tenuiflorus Villarsia reniformis Asperula conferta Centella cordifolia Lobelia anceps Acaena novae-zelandiae Eryngium vesiculosum Oxalis exilis Hypericum japonicum Gahnia trifida Carex appressa Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei Poa clelandii Lomandra filiformis Themeda triandra Poa tenera Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 15% 5% 20% 5% 30% 1% 10% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL Common Name Blackwood Prickly Tea-tree Tree Everlasting Scrub Sheoak Slender Fireweed Running Marsh-flower Common Woodruff Centella Angled Lobelia Bidgee-widgee Prickfoot Shady Wood-sorrel Matted St John's Wort Coast Saw-sedge Tall Sedge Common Tussock-grass Noah's Ark Wattle Mat-rush Kangaroo Grass Slender Tussock-grass Mat Grass EVC 651: Plains Swampy Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG TTG Plantago lanceolata Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus asper s.l. Cirsium vulgare Trifolium dubium Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Festuca arundinacea Holcus lanatus Briza minor Romulea rosea Vulpia bromoides Anthoxanthum odoratum Holcus setosus Juncus capitatus Cyperus tenellus Common Name Invasive Impact Ribwort Common Sow-thistle Rough Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Suckling Clover Cat's Ear Self-heal Hairy Hawkbit Tall Fescue Yorkshire Fog Lesser Quaking-grass Onion Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Sweet Vernal-grass Annual Fog Capitate Rush Tiny Flat-sedge high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low high low low low low high high low low low high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 653: Aquatic Herbland Description: Herbland of permanent to semi-permanent wetlands, dominated by sedges (especially on shallower verges) and/or aquatic herbs. Occurs on fertile paludal soils, typically heavy clays beneath organic accumulations. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid #Spp 2 3 3 2 2 1 Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code LH MH MH SH SH SH SH LNG LNG MTG MNG %Cover 10% 20% 15% 20% 10% 5% LF code LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG 80% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Persicaria decipiens Myriophyllum verrucosum Potamogeton pectinatus Lemna disperma Azolla filiculoides Mimulus repens Wolffia australiana Typha orientalis Phragmites australis Triglochin procerum s.l. Bolboschoenus caldwellii Common Name Slender Knotweed Red Water-milfoil Fennel Pondweed Common Duckweed Pacific Azolla Creeping Monkey-flower Tiny Duckweed Broad-leaf Cumbungi Common Reed Water Ribbons Salt Club-sedge Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10% Cover Weediness: LF Code LH MH Typical Weed Species Aster subulatus Cotula coronopifolia Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Invasive Impact Aster-weed Water Buttons high high low high EVC 653: Aquatic Herbland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 656: Brackish Wetland Description: Sedgeland or herbland, occasionally grassland, dominated by salt-tolerant species, but samphires, if present usually with low cover. Typically occurs on heavy, at least seasonally shallowly inundated to waterlogged soils, on a range of geologies. Common in estuaries, along the shorelines of saline/brackish lakes and along poorly defined drainage lines near the coast. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code #Spp 1 4 2 1 1 2 3 1 5% 20% 5% 15% 10% 5% 15% 5% 80% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Epilobium billardierianum Myriophyllum verrucosum Myriophyllum muelleri Lilaeopsis polyantha Samolus repens Mimulus repens Selliera radicans Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Phragmites australis Triglochin procerum s.l. Poa poiformis Bolboschoenus caldwellii Ruppia polycarpa Ruppia megacarpa Triglochin striatum Calystegia sepium LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG SC %Cover LF code LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC Common Name Variable Willow-herb Red Water-milfoil Hooded Water-milfoil Australian Lilaeopsis Creeping Brookweed Creeping Monkey-flower Shiny Swamp-mat Sea Rush Common Reed Water Ribbons Coast Tussock-grass Salt Club-sedge Many-fruit Tassel Large-fruit Tassel Streaked Arrowgrass Large Bindweed Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MH MH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG TTG Cicendia filiformis Anagallis arvensis Anagallis minima Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Polypogon maritimus var. subspathaceus Romulea rosea Briza minor Aira cupaniana Cyperus tenellus Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Invasive Impact Slender Cicendia Pimpernel Chaffweed Soft Brome Coast Beard-grass Onion Grass Lesser Quaking-grass Quicksilver Grass Tiny Flat-sedge high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low EVC 656: Brackish Wetland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 674: Sandy Stream Woodland Description: Reed, sedge or shrub-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with a large range of amphibious herbs. Occupies the beds of seasonal creeks where large amounts of course sand have been deposited by past flows, often resulting in a distinctive ‘U’ shape to the drainage line. Sites periodically inundated through the wetter months and soils moist throughout the year. Restricted to moderately high rainfall areas (>600 mm) where coarse parent material available upstream. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 10% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Tree Fern Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T MS MS MS MS SS LH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG TF GF GF Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum #Spp 2 5 6 3 2 2 10 3 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Acacia dealbata Prostanthera lasianthos Leptospermum continentale Melaleuca squarrosa Leptospermum continentale Rubus parvifolius Persicaria decipiens Oxalis perennans Acaena novae-zelandiae Lobelia pratioides Crassula helmsii Poa labillardierei Juncus procerus Carex appressa Gahnia sieberiana Phragmites australis Typha domingensis Poa tenera Austrodanthonia caespitosa Juncus pauciflorus Juncus caespiticius Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Eleocharis acuta Ficinia nodosa Dicksonia antarctica Blechnum nudum Hypolepis spp. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 15% 15% 10% 5% 10% 20% 30% 5% 1% 5% 10% LF code IT T MS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG TF GF BL Common Name Blackwood Silver Wattle Victorian Christmas-bush Prickly Tea-tree Scented Paperbark Prickly Tea-tree Small-leaf Bramble Slender Knotweed Grassland Wood-sorrel Bidgee-widgee Poison Lobelia Swamp Crassula Common Tussock-garss Tall Rush Tall Sedge Red-fruit Saw-sedge Common Reed Cumbungi Slender Tussock-grass Common Wallaby-grass Loose-flower Rush Grassy Rush Weeping Grass Common Spike-sedge Knobby Club-sedge Soft Tree-fern Fishbone Water-fern Ground Fern EVC 674: Sandy Stream Woodland – Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code T MS MS MS MS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG SC Typical Weed Species Salix fragilis Lycium ferocissimum Genista monspessulana Rosa fruticosus spp. agg Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Plantago lanceolata Sonchus oleraceus Verbena bonariensis s.l. Rumex crispus Rumex conglomeratus Conium maculatum Helminthotheca echioides Aster subulatus Sonchus asper s.l. Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Hypochoeris radicata Foeniculum vulgare Modiola caroliniana Phalaris aquatica Piptatherum miliaceum Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Paspalum dilatatum Bromus catharticus Romulea rosea Bromus diandrus Briza maxima Agrostis capillaris s.l. Dactylis glomerata Paspalum distichum Tradescantia fluminensis Common Name Crack Willow African Box-thorn Montpellier Broom Blackberry Blackberry Ribwort Common Sow-thistle Purple-top Verbena Curled Dock Clustered Dock Hemlock Ox-tongue Aster-weed Rough Sow-thistle Black Nightshade Cat's Ear Fennel Red-flower Mallow Toowoomba Canary-grass Rice Millet Panic Veldt-grass Paspalum Prairie Grass Onion Grass Great Brome Large Quaking-grass Brown-top Bent Cocksfoot Water Couch Wandering Jew Invasive high low high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high high high high high low low high high high high low low low high low high low high high high high low low low low high high high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 707: Sedgy Swamp Woodland Description: Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with sedgy ground layer and a range of herbs tolerant of seasonal waterlogging. Occurs on poorly drained, seasonally wet flats on sandy soils over heavier subsoils. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 80 cm 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS LH LH MH MH MH MTG LNG LNG Common Name Eucalyptus ovata 10% Swamp Gum #Spp %Cover LF code 2 3 6 5 1 4 2 2 na 5% 5% 5% 10% 5% 10% 5% 40% 1% 5% IT MS LH MH SH LTG MTG LNG MNG BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Leptospermum continentale Villarsia reniformis Epilobium billardierianum Centella cordifolia Goodenia humilis Gratiola pubescens Triglochin procerum s.l. Lepidosperma longitudinale Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Prickly Tea-tree Running Marsh-flower Variable Willow-herb Centella Swamp Goodenia Glandular Brooklime Water Ribbons Pithy Sword-sedge Soft Twig-rush Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark EVC 651: Sedgy Swamp Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG TTG Plantago lanceolata Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus asper s.l. Cirsium vulgare Trifolium dubium Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Festuca arundinacea Holcus lanatus Briza minor Romulea rosea Vulpia bromoides Anthoxanthum odoratum Holcus setosus Juncus capitatus Cyperus tenellus Common Name Invasive Impact Ribwort Common Sow-thistle Rough Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Suckling Clover Cat's Ear Self-heal Hairy Hawkbit Tall Fescue Yorkshire Fog Lesser Quaking-grass Onion Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Sweet Vernal-grass Annual Fog Capitate Rush Tiny Flat-sedge high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low high low low low low high high low low low high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment July 2008 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 710: Damp Heathland Description: Developed on sites of intermittent waterlogging, typically wet in winter and dry in summer, with low nutrient availability. Closed tall heathland, or scrub if long unburnt. There is a dense ground layer of rushes and sedges, and sometimes emergent eucalypts. Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS MH MH MH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG SC SC SC #Spp 5 5 1 4 3 2 1 4 2 3 na %Cover 50% 10% 1% 10% 10% 5% 1% 5% 10% 5% 20% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum continentale Allocasuarina paludosa Banksia marginata Hibbertia sericea s.l. Platylobium obtusangulum Pimelea humilis Dillwynia glaberrima Acrotriche serrulata Gonocarpus tetragynus Selaginella uliginosa Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Deyeuxia quadriseta Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Lepidosperma longitudinale Patersonia fragilis Lepidosperma concavum Burchardia umbellata Hypolaena fastigiata Baumea juncea Cassytha pubescens s.s. Cassytha glabella Billardiera scandens LF code MS SS PS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC BL Common Name Prickly Tea-tree Scrub Sheoak Silver Banksia Silky Guinea-flower Common Flat-pea Common Rice-flower Smooth Parrot-pea Honey-pots Common Raspwort Swamp Selaginella Ivy-leaf Violet Reed Bent-grass Small Grass-tree Pithy Sword-sedge Short Purple-flag Sandhill Sword-sedge Milkmaids Tassel Rope-rush Bare Twig-sedge Downy Dodder-laurel Slender Dodder-laurel Common Apple-berry Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 20% cover Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Cat's Ear Invasive high Impact low EVC 710: Damp Heathland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 793: Damp Heathy Woodland Description: Woodland to 10 m tall with tall dense heathy understorey which becomes tall scrub if long unburnt in high rainfall areas. The ground layer consists of grasses, herbs, small shrubs and tough-leaved monocots. Developed on sandy soils of moderate to low fertility, typically wet in winter due to impeding layer in soil and dry in summer. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 60 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name Eucalyptus cephalocarpa s.l. Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus ovata 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code Mealy Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint Swamp Gum #Spp %Cover LF code 5 4 2 3 3 2 3 1 1 na na 5% 30% 5% 1% 5% 20% 5% 10% 5% 5% 20% 10% IT MS SS PS MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF BL S/C Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum continentale Epacris impressa Banksia marginata Kunzea ericoides Hibbertia riparia Hovea heterophylla Acrotriche serrulata Gonocarpus tetragynus Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Themeda triandra Lepidosperma filiforme Pteridium esculentum Cassytha glabella MS MS MS MS SS SS PS MH SH LTG MTG MTG GF SC Common Name Prickly Tea-tree Common Heath Silver Banksia Burgan Erect Guinea-flower Common Hovea Honey-pots Common Raspwort Scented Sundew Small Grass-tree Kangaroo Grass Common Rapier-sedge Austral Bracken Slender Dodder-laurel Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MH Hypochoeris radicata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear high low EVC 793: Damp Heathy Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 821: Tall Marsh Description: Occurs on Quaternary sedimentary geology of mainly estuarine sands, soils are peaty, silty clays, and average annual rainfall is approximately 600 mm. It requires shallow water (to 1 m deep) and low current-scour, and can only tolerate very low levels of salinity. Closed to open grassland/sedgeland to 2-3 m tall, dominated by Common Reed and Cumbungi. Small aquatic and semi-aquatic species occur amongst the reeds. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid #Spp %Cover LF code 3 2 6 1 2 1 10% 5% 10% 5% 40% 1% LH MH SH LTG LNG MNG Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code LH LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG LNG LNG LNG MNG MNG 70% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Myriophyllum verrucosum Myriophyllum salsugineum Villarsia reniformis Rumex bidens Lilaeopsis polyantha Lepilaena bilocularis Lemna disperma Azolla filiculoides Wolffia australiana Mimulus repens Triglochin procerum s.l. Juncus ingens Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Phragmites australis Typha domingensis Typha orientalis Lepilaena cylindrocarpa Eleocharis acuta Red Water-milfoil Lake Water-milfoil Running Marsh-flower Mud Dock Australian Lilaeopsis Small-fruit Water-mat Common Duckweed Pacific Azolla Tiny Duckweed Creeping Monkey-flower Water Ribbons Giant Rush River Club-sedge Common Reed Cumbungi Broad-leaf Cumbungi Long-fruit Water-mat Common Spike-sedge Recruitment: Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: LF Code MH MNG Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact Cotula coronopifolia Paspalum distichum Water Buttons Water Couch high high high high Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark EVC 821: Tall Marsh - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 858: Coastal Alkaline Scrub (syn. Calcarenite Dune Woodland) Description: Near-coastal, deep calcareous (alkaline) and largely stable sand dunes and swales commonly dominated by Moonah Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata. It occurs at low elevations of 20-60 m above sea level, average annual rainfall is approximately 550950 mm, and it occurs on a variety of geologies and soil types. Low woodland or tall shrubland to 8 m tall, typically with a medium shrub layer, small shrub layer and sedges, grasses and herbs in the ground layer. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Life forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS MH MH MH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG SC SC Common Name Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata Allocasuarina verticillata Leptospermum laevigatum Bursaria spinosa ssp. macrophylla Moonah Drooping Sheoak Coast Tea-tree Sweet Bursaria #Spp 4 2 1 5 2 1 4 2 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae Leucopogon parviflorus Acacia retinodes var. uncifolia Pomaderris paniculosa Hibbertia sericea s.l. Pimelea serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Lagenophora stipitata Geranium potentilloides Acaena novae-zelandiae Dichondra repens Oxalis exilis Lomandra longifolia Dianella revoluta s.l. Carex breviculmis Lachnagrostis billardierei s.l. Austrodanthonia setacea Ficinia nodosa Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Clematis microphylla Comesperma volubile Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 30% 5% 1% 10% 5% 5% 10% 5% 1% 20% 80% LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG SC BL Common Name Coast Wattle Coast Beard-heath Coast Wirilda Coast Pomaderris Silky Guinea-flower Thyme-leaf Rice-flower Common Bottle-daisy Cinquefoil Cranesbill Bidgee-widgee Kidney-weed Shady Wood-sorrel Spiny-headed Mat-rush Black-anther Flax-lily Common Grass-sedge Coast Blaown-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Knobby Club-sedge Weeping Grass Small-leaved Clematis Love Creeper EVC 858: Coastal Alkaline Scrub (syn. Calcarenite Dune Woodland) Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: LF Code MH MH MH MTG MTG MNG SC Typical Weed Species Centaurium erythraea Anagallis arvensis Hypochoeris spp. Ehrharta erecta Catapodium rigidum Aira caryophyllea Myrsiphyllum asparagoides Common Name Invasive Impact Common Centaury Pimpernel Cat's Ear Panic Veldt-grass Fern Grass Silvery Hair-grass Smilax Asparagus high high high high high high high low low low high low low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 863: Floodplain Reedbed Description: A closed to open grassland to 2–3 m tall, dominated by Common Reed. Small aquatic and semi-aquatic species occur amongst the reeds. It occurs on swamps on river plains, especially the lower reaches of the floodplain. Soils are Quaternary stream alluvium with floodplain and low level terrace deposits consisting of silt, clay and peat. Swamp Paperbark frequently fringes the margins of these reed beds. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber #Spp 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MH LH LH SH LNG MTG SC %Cover 5% 10% 5% 5% 5% 30% 1% LF code MS LH MH SH MTG LNG SC 60% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Solanum aviculare Myriophyllum crispatum Lycopus australis Urtica incisa Mimulus repens Phragmites australis Triglochin procerum s.l. Calystegia sepium Common Name Kangaroo Apple Upright Water-milfoil Australian Gipsywort Scrub Nettle Creeping Monkey-flower Common Reed Water Ribbons Large Bindweed Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: LF Code LH MH Typical Weed Species Aster subulatus Cotula coronopifolia Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Aster-weed Water Buttons Invasive high high Impact low high EVC 863: Floodplain Reedbed - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 875: Blocked Coastal Stream Swamp Description: Margins of coastal streams that are consistently flooded for long periods where the entrances become plugged by sand during low flow periods. The blockage is breached during floods, briefly exposing the wetlands before the mouth silts up and the dammed river overflows, flooding the habitat of this EVC. Soils are peats derived from Quaternary swamp and lagoonal deposits. Elevation is near sea level and average annual rainfall is 900 mm. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid #Spp 3 1 1 1 3 1 Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code Speices typical of at least part of EVC range Euphrasia collina Typha domingensis Epilobium billardierianum Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Drosera binata Cardamine gunnii s.l. Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides r Cladium procerum Lepidosperma filiforme r Lachnagrostis rudis Isolepis platycarpa Juncus caespiticius Triglochin striatum Schoenus nitens Baumea juncea LH LH LH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 25% 5% 1% 55% 5% 1% LF code LH MH SH LNG MTG MNG 90% Common Name Purple Eyebright Narrow-leaf Cumbungi Variable Willow-herb Fairies' Aprons Forked Sundew Common Bitter-cress Shining Pennywort Leafy Twig-sedge Common Rapier-sedge Ruddy Blown-grass Broad-fruit Club-sedge Grassy Rush Streaked Arrowgrass Shiny Bog-sedge Bare Twig-sedge EVC 875: Blocked Coastal Stream Swamp - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 876: Spray-zone Coastal Shrubland Description: A wind-pruned salt-affected open shrubland usually less than 1 m tall (with occasional emergent taller shrubs) that occurs on the most exposed coastal areas subject to salt-spray and run-off at the crest of sea cliffs. This EVC usually occurs in association with taller Coastal Headland Scrub (EVC 161). Life forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Soil Crust #Spp 2 4 2 4 2 4 1 1 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS SS SS SS SS MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG MNG MTG MTG MTG MTG SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Olearia axillaris Alyxia buxifolia Leucophyta brownii Ozothamnus turbinatus Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Correa alba Sarcocornia quinqueflora Samolus repens Senecio piannatifolius Actites megalocarpa Dichondra repens Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Carpobrotus rossii Calandrinia calyptrata Austrostipa stipoides Dichelachne crinita Ficinia nodosa Lachnagrostis billardierei s.l. Poa poiformis Lepidosperma gladiatum Dianella brevicaulis Tetragonia implexicoma Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 30% 5% 5% 5% 10% 1% 5% 10% LF code MS SS MH SH LTG MTG MNG SC S/C 60% Common Name Coast Daisy-Bush Sea Box Cushion Bush Coast Everlasting Seaberry Saltbush White Correa Beaded Glasswort Creeping Brookweed Toothed Groundsel Coast Sow-thistle Kidney-weed Rounded Noon-flower Karkalla Pink Purslane Prickly Spear-grass Long-hair Plume-grass Knobby Club-sedge Coast Blown-grass Coast Tussock-grass Coast Sword-sedge Small-flower Flax-lily Bower Spinach EVC 876: Spray-zone Coastal Shrubland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code LH LNG MH MH MS MS MS MS MTG SC Typical Weed Species Sonchus oleraceus Pennisetum clandestinum Hypochoeris radicata Oxalis pes-caprae Chrysanthemoides monilifera Polygala myrtifolia var. myrtifolia Coprosma repens Lycium ferocissimum Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Delairea odorata Common Name Common Sow-thistle Kikuyu Cat's Ear Soursob Boneseed Myrtle-leaf Milkwort Mirror Bush African Box-thorn Panic Veldt-grass Cape Ivy Invasive high high high high high high high high high high Impact low high low high high high high high high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 877: Lowland Herb-rich Forest Description: Primarily occurs in gullies and along lower slopes close to minor drainage lines. Soils are reasonably fertile colluvial loams. Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall with a range of medium shrubs conspicuous in the mid-stratum. The ground layer is dominated by a dense cover of grasses and a high diversity of tussock-forming graminoids and herbs. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Eucalyptus globoidea Eucalyptus polyanthemos Understorey: Life form #/ha Mountain Grey-gum White Stringybark Red Box #Spp 3 4 1 1 2 13 4 1 5 2 na %Cover 5% 10% 20% 1% 5% 5% 30% 5% 15% 5% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL EVC 877: Lowland Herb-rich Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code T MS MS MS MS MS SS PS LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii r Zieria smithii Kunzea ericoides Cassinia longifolia Cassinia aculeata Melaleuca parvistaminea Pimelea humilis Bossiaea prostrata Stypandra glauca Senecio tenuiflorus Hypericum gramineum Lagenophora stipitata Pterostylis concinna Opercularia varia Hydrocotyle laxiflora Oxalis exilis Dichondra repens Gahnia radula Luzula meridionalis Lomandra filiformis ssp. coriacea Poa sieberiana Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Entolasia marginata Comesperma volubile Common Name Black Wattle Sandfly Zieria Burgan Shiny Cassinia Common Cassinia Rough-barked Honey-myrtle Common Rice-flower Creeping Bossiaea Nodding Blue-lily Slender Fireweed Small St John's Wort Common Bottle-daisy Trim Greenhood Variable Stinkweed Stinking Pennywort Shady Wood-sorrel Kidney-weed Thatch Saw-sedge Common Woodrush Wattle Mat-rush Grey Tussock-grass Paroo Lily Weeping Grass Bordered Panic Love Creeper Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS LH LH MH MH MH SH Typical Weed Species Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Conyza bonariensis Centaurium tenuiflorum Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Trifolium repens var. repens Common Name Blackberry Flaxleaf Fleabane Slender Centaury Cat's Ear Self-heal Common Mouse-ear Chickweed White Clover Invasive high high high high high high high Impact high low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 879: Coastal Dune Grassland Description: Consists of grasses and halophytes (succulents) that colonise the foredunes of ocean beaches. Soils are siliceous sands that have a very low humus content. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS SS MH MH MH SH SH SH SH MTG MTG MNG MNG SC #Spp 1 1 1 2 4 3 3 2 1 5% 5% 1% 5% 5% 10% 10% 25% 1% 60% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Atriplex cinerea Suaeda australis Acaena novae-zelandiae Actites megalocarpa Senecio pinnatifolius Carpobrotus rossii Crassula sieberiana Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Apium annuum Dianella brevicaulis Carex pumila Spinifex sericeus Ficinia nodosa Clematis microphylla %Cover LF code MS SS PS LH MH SH MTG MNG SC Common Name Coast Saltbush Austral Seablite Bidgee-widgee Dune Thistle Variable Groundsel Karkalla Sieber Crassula Rounded Noon-flower Annual Celery Small-flower Flax-lily Strand Sedge Hairy Spinifex Knobby Club-sedge Small-leaved Clematis Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH MTG LTG Typical Weed Species Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Thinopyrum junceiforme Ammophila arenaria Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Invasive Impact Common Sow-thistle Cat's Ear Hairy Hawkbit Sea Wheat-grass Marram Grass high high high high high low low low high high EVC 879: Coastal Dune Grassland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland Description: Occurs on rocky escarpments in steep valleys or gorges, associated with limestone or basalt. Sites have moderate to high fertility, are well-drained but subject to regular summer drought due to shallow soils. . Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or noneucalypt shrubland to 8 m tall, sometimes with occasional eucalypts; lichen-covered rock outcrops are common. + eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrubland areas and standardise site condition score as required) Large trees+: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree+ Understorey Tree or Large Shrub+ Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS MS SS LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MNG GF SC SC Common Name Acacia implexa Allocasuarina verticillata Acacia mearnsii Bursaria spinosa Eucalyptus radiata 15% Lightwood Drooping Sheoak Black Wattle Sweet Bursaria Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp 3 3 2 3 4 5 1 1 9 3 1 1 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range r Rhagodia parabolica Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Wahlenbergia communis s.l. Oxalis perennans Maireana enchylaenoides Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Chamaesyce drummondii Dichondra repens Austrostipa bigeniculata Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Austrodanthonia setacea Panicum effusum Cheilanthes distans Clematis microphylla Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 5% 5% 5% 25% 5% 5% 5% 20% 10% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL S/C Common Name Fragrant Saltbush Tree Violet Ruby Saltbush Tufted Bluebell Grassland Wood-sorrel Wingless Bluebush Nodding Saltbush Flat Spurge Kidney-weed Kneed Spear-grass Stiped Wallaby-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Hairy Panic Bristly Cloak-fern Small-leaved Clematis Pink Bindweed EVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha+. 5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species T MS MS SS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG SC Schinus molle Lycium ferocissimum Genista monspessulana Marrubium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Helminthotheca echioides Lactuca serriola Sisymbrium officinale Sonchus asper s.l. Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus Echium plantagineum Centaurium tenuiflorum Foeniculum vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Trifolium arvense var. arvense Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium campestre var. campestre Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Lotus suaveolens Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Medicago polymorpha Trifolium glomeratum Modiola caroliniana Aptenia cordifolia Phalaris aquatica Holcus lanatus Avena fatua Nassella trichotoma Ehrharta longiflora Briza maxima Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Sporobolus africanus Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides Lolium perenne Dactylis glomerata Vulpia myuros Bromus rubens Avena barbata Aira caryophyllea Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common Name Pepper Tree African Box-thorn Montpellier Broom Horehound Common Sow-thistle Ox-tongue Prickly Lettuce Hedge Mustard Rough Sow-thistle Great Mullein Paterson's Curse Slender Centaury Fennel Cat's Ear Hare's-foot Clover Subterranean Clover Hop Clover Narrow-leaf Clover Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Burr Medic Cluster Clover Red-flower Mallow Heart-leaf Ice-plant Toowoomba Canary-grass Yorkshire Fog Wild Oat Serrated Tussock Annual Veldt-grass Large Quaking-grass Soft Brome Rat-tail Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Onion Grass False Hair-grass Perennial Rye-grass Cocksfoot Rat's-tail Fescue Red Brome Bearded Oat Silvery Hair-grass Common Vetch Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low Impact high high high high low low low high low high high low high low low low low low low low low low low high high high low high low low low high low low low low high low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment February 2005 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 902: Gully Woodland Description: Woodland or open forest to 20 m tall occurring along moderately steep gullies. Soils are mostly colluvial deposits of sands and silts. Characterised by a medium dense small tree and shrub layer above a grassy/sedgy understorey, often rich in herbs within the inter-tussock spaces. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 10 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus ovata Understorey: Life form #/ha Manna Gum Swamp Gum #Spp %Cover LF code 4 6 1 2 6 2 2 1 8 2 3 4 na 5% 15% 15% 1% 1% 10% 5% 5% 5% 20% 10% 10% 10% 20% IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 902: Gully Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion LF Code T T T T MS MS MS SS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF GF GF SC SC SC SC EP Weediness: LF Code MS MS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Acacia melanoxylon Bursaria spinosa Allocasuarina littoralis Goodenia ovata Coprosma quadrifida Cassinia aculeata Rubus parvifolius Senecio glomeratus Senecio tenuiflorus Acaena novae-zelandiae Gonocarpus tetragynus Hypericum gramineum Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Dichondra repens Oxalis exilis Lomandra longifolia Gahnia radula Poa labillardierei Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale Poa morrisii Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Poa tenera Pteridium esculentum Adiantum aethiopicum Doodia australis Clematis aristata Pandorea pandorana Clematis microphylla Comesperma volubile Amyema pendula Typical Weed Species Chrysanthemoides monilifera Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Plantago lanceolata Sonchus oleraceus Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Oxalis pes-caprae Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Anagallis arvensis Centaurium erythraea Oxalis incarnata Holcus lanatus Anthoxanthum odoratum Ehrharta erecta Romulea rosea Ehrharta longiflora Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Briza maxima Dactylis glomerata Allium triquetrum Agrostis capillaris s.l. Asparagus asparagoides Common Name Common Name Black Wattle Blackwood Sweet Bursaria Black Sheoak Hop Goodenia Prickly Currant-bush Dogwood Small-leaf Bramble Annual Fireweed Slender Fireweed Bidgee-widgee Common Raspwort Small St John’s-wort Ivy-leaf Violet Kidneyweed Shady Wood-sorrel Spiny-headed Mat-rush Thatch Saw-sedge Common Tussock-grass Stpied Wallaby-grass Variable Sword-sedge Soft Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Slender Tussock-grass Austral Bracken Common Maidenhair Common Rasp-fern Mountain Clematis Wonga Vine Small-leaf Clematis Love Creeper Drooping Mistletoe Boneseed Blackberry Ribwort Common Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Soursob Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Scarlet Pimpernel Common Centaury Pale Wood-sorrel Yorkshire Fog Sweet Vernal-grass Panic Veldt Grass Onion Grass Annual Veldt-grass Panic Veldt-grass Large Quaking-grass Cocksfoot Angled Onion Brown-top Bent Bridal Creeper Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high high low low high low high low low low high high high high low low high low high high high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 914: Estuarine Flats Grassland Description: Closed to open grassland to 1.5 m tall with occasional shrubs occurring on estuarine flats often associated with current or old beach berms or sand sheets that are occasionally inundated by high tides. Occupies areas on marginally higher ground inland from Coastal Saltmarsh. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code #Spp 2 1 1 3 4 2 2 3 Atriplex cinerea Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Senecio pinnatifolius Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Suaeda australis Samolus repens Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Selliera radicans Hemichroa pentandra Austrostipa stipoides Gahnia filum Poa poiformis Lachnagrostis billardierei ssp. billardierei Spinifex sericeus Distichlis distichophylla Ficinia nodosa 5% 5% 1% 15% 15% 15% 20% 15% 85% Species typical of at least part of EVC range MS MS SS LH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG %Cover LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG Common Name Coast Saltbush Seaberry Saltbush Southern Sea-heath Variable Groundsel Beaded Glasswort Austral Seablite Creeping Brookweed Rounded Noon-flower Shiny Swamp-mat Trailing Hemichroa Prickly Spear-grass Chaffy Saw-sedge Coast Tussock-grass Coast Blown-grass Hairy Spinifex Australian Salt-grass Knobby Club-sedge Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10% Cover Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH MH MH MH MNG MNG Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera Sonchus oleraceus Conyza albida Polycarpon tetraphyllum Hypochoeris radicata Anagallis arvensis Vulpia myuros Lagurus ovatus Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Boneseed Common Sow-thistle Tall Fleabane Four-leaved Allseed Cat's Ear Pimpernel Rat's-tail Fescue Hare's-tail Grass Invasive high high high high high high high high Impact high low low low low low low low EVC 914: Estuarine Flats Grassland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 934: Brackish Grassland Description: Grassland or sedgeland occurring on silts in low-lying areas within brackish floodplains. Often occurs in association with Brackish Wetland. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens #Spp 1 3 5 2 4 1 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Senecio glomeratus Sarcocornia quinqueflora Samolus repens Sebaea albidiflora Calocephalus lacteus Selliera radicans Utricularia tenella Gahnia filum Gahnia trifida Poa labillardierei Poa poiformis Schoenus apogon Austrodanthonia geniculata Distichlis distichophylla LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 1% 5% 5% 20% 20% 10% 10% LF code LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL 70% Common Name Annual Fireweed Beaded Glasswort Creeping Brookweed White Sebaea Milky Beuaty-heads Shiny Swamp-mat Pink Bladderwort Chaffy Saw-sedge Coast Saw-sedge Common Tussock-grass Blue Tussock-grass Common Bog-sedge Kneed Wallaby-grass Australian Salt-grass EVC 934: Brackish Grassland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 937: Swampy Woodland Description: Open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with ground-layer dominated by tussock grasses and/or sedges and often rich in herbs. Occurs on poorly drained, seasonally waterlogged heavy soils, primarily on swamp deposits but extending to suitable substrates within some landscapes of sedimentary origin. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MNG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus cephalocarpa s.s. Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus obliqua 15% Swamp Gum Mealy Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint Messmate Stringybark #Spp %Cover LF code 1 2 5 3 4 2 4 na 5% 5% 20% 10% 10% 30% 10% 10% 20% IT T MS MH SH LTG LNG MTG BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Melaleuca ericifolia Leptospermum continentale Acaena novae-zelandiae Centella cordifolia Gratiola peruviana Mazus pumilio Gahnia sieberiana Poa labillardierei Carex appressa Gahnia radula Phragmites australis Schoenus apogon Lepidosperma laterale Poa tenera Juncus holoschoenus Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Swamp Paperbark Prickly Tea-tree Bidgee-widgee Centella Austral Brooklime Swamp Mazus Red-fruit Saw-sedge Common Tussock-grass Tall Sedge Thatch Saw-sedge Common Reed Common Bog-sedge Variable Sword-sedge Slender Tussock-grass Joint-leaf Rush EVC 937: Swampy Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code MS MH LNG MTG Typical Weed Species Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Anthoxanthum odoratum Common Name Blackberry Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog Sweet Vernal-grass Invasive high high high high Impact high low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 938: Shrubby Gully Forest Description: An open eucalypt forest to woodland to 20 m tall confined to narrow bands along low gradient gullies on minor streams within foothills. Often associated with granite soils. The understorey is dominated by shrubs, sedges and ferns and lacks the diversity of herbs and grasses associated with drainage lines on more fertile soils. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T T MS MS MS MS MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG GF GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Narrow-leaf Peppermint Swamp Gum Manna Gum #Spp 2 5 5 3 3 2 3 1 4 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Melaleuca squarrosa Melaleuca ericifolia Leptospermum continentale Ozothamnus ferrugineus Coprosma quadrifida Goodenia ovata Veronica plebeia Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Oxalis corniculata s.l. Dichondra repens Desmodium gunnii Carex appressa Lomandra longifolia Poa labillardierei Cyperus lucidus Phragmites australis Gahnia radula Poa morrisii Lomandra filiformis Polystichum proliferum Calochlaena dubia Billardiera scandens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 20% 10% 5% 15% 10% 10% 5% 20% 1% 20% LF code IT T MS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL Common Name Blackwood Scented Paperbark Swamp Paperbark Prickly Tea-tree Tree Everlasting Prickly Currant-bush Hop Goodenia Trailing Speedwell Ivy-leaf Violet Yellow Wood-sorrel Kidney-weed Southern Tick-trefoil Tall Sedge Spiny-headed Mat-rush Common Tussock Grass Leafy Flat-sedge Common Reed Thatch Saw-sedge Soft Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Mother Shield-fern Common Ground-fern Common Apple-berry EVC 938: Shrubby Gully Forest - Gippsland Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS MH MTG Typical Weed Species Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Hypochoeris radicata Anthoxanthum odoratum Common Name Invasive Impact Blackberry Cat's Ear Sweet Vernal-grass high high high high low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Gippsland Plain bioregion EVC 953: Estuarine Scrub Description: Closed scrub to 6 m tall growing on the edge of estuarine waterbodies such as creeks, rivers and lagoons with intermediate salinity and poor drainage conditions. Dominated by Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia with a halophytic (succulent) ground layer dominated by graminoids and herbs. Often occurs in close association with Estuarine Wetland. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name Melaleuca ericifolia 50% Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Swamp Paperbark #Spp %Cover LF code 2 3 2 2 2 10% 20% 5% 10% 15% MS MH SH MTG MNG Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MH MH MH SH SH MTG MTG MNG MNG 60% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Atriplex cinerea Samolus repens Chenopodium glaucum Sarcocornia quinqueflora Selliera radicans Apium prostratum ssp. prostratum Poa poiformis Poa labillardierei Ficinia nodosa Distichlis distichophylla Seaberry Saltbush Coast Saltbush Creeping Brookweed Glaucous Goosefoot Beaded Glasswort Shiny Swamp-mat Sea Celery Blue Tussock-grass Common Tussock-grass Knobby Club-sedge Australian Salt-grass Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: LF Code MH LNG Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog high high low high Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark EVC 953: Estuarine Scrub - Gippsland Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au
