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National 5 Biology
Unit 1 Homework
Contents
Section 1
Cell Structure
Homework 1 General Questions
Homework 2 Exam Style Questions
Section 2
Transport Across Cell Membranes
Homework 3 General Questions
Homework 4 Exam Style Questions
Section 3
Producing New Cells
Homework 5 General Questions
Homework 6 Exam Style Questions
Section 4
DNA, Production Of Proteins
Homework 7 General Questions
Homework 8 Exam Style Questions
Section 5
Proteins and Enzymes
Homework 9 General Questions
Homework 10 Exam Style Questions
Section 6
Genetic Engineering
Homework 11 General Questions
Homework 12 Exam Style Questions
Section 7
Photosynthesis
Homework 13 General Questions
Homework 14 Exam Style Questions
Section 8
Respiration
Homework 15 General Questions
Homework 16 Exam Style Questions
1
Homework 1
1 a) What is a unicellular organism?
[1]
b) What is a multicellular organism?
[1]
c) What is the term used to describe how multicellular organisms organise their
functions?
[1]
2 a) State what each of the following structures are and state their function:
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Plasmids
[8]
b) Draw a labelled diagram of the plasma membrane.
[5]
3) Draw a labelled diagram of a plant and animal cell that include all the relevant
structures from question 1.
[8]
4) Draw a labelled diagram of a fungus (yeast) cell.
[4]
5 Draw a labelled diagram of a bacterial cell
[3]
6) Describe the three steps needed to calculate the actual cell size of a sample under a
microscope.
[3]
Total [30]
2
Homework 2
1) The diagram below shows a cell.
The function of structure X is to
A control cell activities
B keep the cell turgid
C control entry and exit of material
D release energy from glucose.
[1]
2). (a) The diagram below shows two cells P and Q.
(i) Complete the table below to give the name and function of the parts labelled A, B and
C.
Letter Part
A
Cell Membrane
B
Nucleus
C
Function
Site of cell activities
[3]
(ii) Which cell is a plant cell? Give a reason for your choice.
3
[2]
3 (a) The following sentences give information about the plasma membrane of beetroot
cells. (n.b- look at chapter 2 for more detail)
Underline one alternative in each pair to make the sentences correct.
[4]
4 (a) The diagram below represents a potato cell.
(i) Name the parts of the cell labelled X and Y.
[2]
(ii) Give the function of structure Z.
[1]
(b) Give one difference and one similarity in the structure of plant and animal cells. [2]
Total [14]
4
Homework 3
1 a) What is the ‘fluid mosaic model’ referring to? Describe it.
[2]
b) There are several functions of the proteins found in the plasma membrane.
List three:
[3]
2 a) What is a concentration gradient?
[1]
b) How do molecules move on a concentration gradient?
c) What is diffusion? State the full definition.
3 a) Describe how molecules move through a plasma membrane.
b) Name three molecules that can pass through the plasma membrane.
4 a) What is osmosis? State the full definition.
b) What do the following terms mean:
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic
[1]
[3]
[2]
[3]
[3]
[3]
5 State the high and low water concentrations in the following solutions:
a)
b)
c)
d)
0.5% sucrose: 0.3% sucrose
3Mol NaCl: 2.5 Mol NaCl
85%H2O: 95% H2O
50%glucose: 25% H2O
[4]
5
6) Describe the effects of placing a plant cell into the following solutions:
i- hypotonic solution
ii- hypertonic solution
iii- isotonic solution
[6]
7) Describe the effects of placing an animal cell into the following solutions:
i- hypotonic solution
ii- hypertonic solution
iii- isotonic solution
[6]
8 a) What is Active Transport?
[1]
b) What are the requirements for Active Transport?
c) Describe, using a diagram, how molecules are moved by active transport.
[4]
[3]
d) Explain the relationship between oxygen consumption, energy and active transport.
[3]
9) Explain the difference between active and passive transport. Name one substance
that passes across the membrane from each method.
[2]
Total [50]
6
Homework 4
1) Four cylinders of potato tissue were weighed and each was placed into a salt solution
of different concentration. The cylinders were reweighed after one hour. The results
are shown in the following table.
In which salt solution would most potato cells be plasmolysed?
[1]
2) . Red blood cells burst when they are placed in water because
A the cell contents are hypotonic to the water
B the cell contents are isotonic to the water
C the water is hypotonic to the cell contents
D the water is hypertonic to the cell contents.
[1]
3) Which line in the table below identifies correctly the importance of diffusion to an
animal cell?
[1]
4) Which of the following molecules can both diffuse through a cell membrane?
A Amino acids and starch
B Amino acids and water
C Starch and protein
D Protein and water
7
[1]
5) Which graph best illustrates the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of
active uptake of ions by roots?
8
6) The diagrams below show animal and plant cells in isotonic solutions.
These diagrams are not to scale.
Describe the osmotic effect of transferring
(a) the animal cells into a hypotonic solution (water)
(b) the plant cells into a hypertonic solution (strong salt).
[5]
7 a) Samples of carrot tissue were immersed in a hypotonic solution at two different
temperatures for 5 hours. The mass of the tissue samples was measured every hour and
the percentage change in mass calculated.
The results are shown on the graph.
(i) Explain the results obtained at 20 °C from 0 to 3 hours and from 3 hours to 5 hours.
0 to 3 hours
[1]
3 to 5 hours
[1]
(ii) Explain the change in mass of the carrot tissue between 1 and 3 hours at 50 °C.
9
[2]
(b) The chart shows the concentration of ions within a unicellular organism and in the sea
water surrounding it.
(i) From the information given, identify the ion which appears to move between the
organism and the sea water by diffusion. Justify your choice.
[2]
(ii) When oxygen was bubbled through a tank of sea water containing these organisms,
the potassium ion concentration within the organisms increased.
[2]
8) A student cut five similar cylinders from the same potato, dried them with a paper
towel and weighed them. Each cylinder was placed in a different concentration of sugar
solution as shown in the diagram below:
After three hours, the student removed the cylinders from the solutions, dried and
weighed them as before. The results are shown in the table below.
10
(a) Complete the table by calculating the percentage change in mass of the potato
cylinder in 0.4M sugar solution.
[1]
(b) (i) Name the variable altered in this investigation.
[1]
(ii) Suggest one way in which the reliability of the results could be improved.
[1]
(iii) Would the results be valid if the cylinders were not dried before being weighed?
Explain your answer.
[2]
(c) (i) State the letter of one test tube containing a potato cylinder in a hypertonic
solution.Letter
[1]
(ii) Predict the appearance of the potato cylinder in test tube E after three hours.
[1]
Total [25]
11
Homework 5
1) What is a chromosome complement? What is the human chromosome complement?
[2]
2) Do all species have the some chromosome complement? Give the chromosome
complement for two species other than human.
[2]
3) Give the definitions of the following terms: Diploid and Haploid
[2]
4) What is a karyotpye?
[1]
5) Give the definitions for the following:
Mitosis
Spindle Fibres
Centromere
Daughter cells
[4]
6) Describe the stages of mitosis. Include a diagram.
[5]
7) What is a cell culture? Give three uses.
[4]
8) Explain what aseptic technique is.
[2]
9) Give examples of when aseptic technique is used.
[2]
10) Draw a labelled diagram of a fermentor. State how each aspect of the
fermentor is designed to control different conditions that affect growth of
microorganisms.
[10]
[Total: 34]
12
Homework 6
1) The diagram shows an industrial fermenter. It is fitted with a number of
taps which allow substances to be added or removed.
(a) Which of the taps, A, B, C, D or E, would open to
(i) add nutrients to the mixture?
(ii) remove waste gases?
(iii) drain off the products?
[2]
(b) The fermenter should be kept at 35 °C. Explain why the water jacket
around the fermenter should be cold.
[1]
2) The following is a description of the stages of mitosis.
13
a) Describe stages 2 and4.
[2]
b) Daughter cells produced by mitosis each have the same chromosome complement as
the original cell. Why is this important?
[1]
3) . (a) The diagrams below show two stages of mitosis in cells. Draw one straight line
from each diagram to its correct description.
[2]
(b) How does mitosis ensure that the daughter cells will be able to function properly?
[1]
Total [9]
14
Homework 7
1) Give the full name of the molecule DNA.
[1]
2) Describe the structure of DNA, include the words: bases, double helix, strands,
Include a diagram.
[4]
3) What is a DNA base? Draw a labelled diagram.
[2]
4) How many different bases are there?
[1]
5) Explain the term ‘base pairing’ in relation to the DNA bases. Include the actual
pairings.
[1]
6) What is a Codon and where would you find one?
[2]
7) What subunits are proteins composed of?
[1]
8) What is RNA? Give three differences between DNA and RNA.
[4]
9) Draw a labelled diagram of an RNA molecule.
[3]
10) What is mRNA and what is it’s function in creating proteins?
[2]
11) What is Trascription? Describe, in detail, the process. (You can include a diagram)
[4]
[Total: 25]
15
Homework 8
1) Write notes on the structure of DNA
[6]
2) A section of a DNA molecule contains 300 bases. Of these bases, 90 are adenine.
How many cytosine bases would this section of DNA contain?
A 60
B 90
C 120
D 180
[1]
3) The table shows the base sequences of some mRNA codons and the amino acids for
which they code.
a)
(i) State the mRNA codon for methionine.
[1]
(ii) Use information from the table to identify the common feature of all mRNA
codons which code for the amino acid arginine.
[1]
(b) Complete the diagram below by naming the two amino acids corresponding to the
bases on the strand of DNA shown.
[1]
16
4 a) The diagram below shows part of a DNA molecule during replication.
(i) Identify parts X and Y.
[2]
(ii) Name bases 1 and 2.
[2]
(iii) Name a cellular process for which DNA replication is essential.
[1]
Total [15]
17
Homework 9
1) Describe the structure of a protein molecule. Include a diagram.
[2]
2) Give the name of the molecule with lots of amino acids joined together.
[1]
3) Explain how a protein gets its shape and why the protein is that shape every time a
molecule is made.
[2]
4) What are the chemical elements found in proteins?
[1]
5) What are the two main categories of proteins? How are they similar and how are they
different?
[4]
6) Describe a fibrous protein and give two examples.
[3]
7) Describe a globular protein and give two examples.
[3]
8) There are 5 types of globular protein that you need to know. Name them:
[5]
9) Name two examples from the categories listed in Q8, state what they do.
[4]
10) Draw an antibody molecule. Label the Active Site.
[1]
11) Draw an enzyme molecule. Label the Active Site.
[1]
12) Explain how the Active Site is critical to the function of an enzyme.
[2]
13) What do the terms Degradation and Synthesis mean?
[2]
18
14) There are four degradation reactions and one synthesis reaction that you need to
know. Write out the substrate, enzyme and products for each one.
[5]
15) What does the term Optimum mean? Give two conditions that this term can be
applied to for the function of enzymes.
[3]
16) Draw a typical enzyme temperature graph. Include a description of the three
different stages.
[6]
17) Describe the term ‘Denatured’ in relation to enzymes.
[1]
18) Draw a typical enzyme pH graph. Include the terms ‘active range’ and ‘optimum’. [5]
19) How does pH affect an enzyme?
[1]
[Total: 52]
19
Homework 10
1) . Lipase is an enzyme found in the small intestine. Lipase speeds up the breakdown of
fat. Full cream milk contains a high proportion of fat. Three test tubes were set up as
shown in the diagram below.
The pH of the contents of each test tube was recorded at the start and again 15 minutes
later. What changes in pH took place?
A The pH decreased in each test tube.
B The pH increased in each test tube.
C The pH decreased in tubes X and Y and did not change in tube Z.
D The pH increased in tubes Y and Z and did not change in tube X.
[1]
2) . The graph below shows the effect of temperature on the activity of the enzyme
pepsin.
Between which two temperatures is there the greatest increase in enzyme activity?
A 0 – 10 °C
B 10 – 20 °C
C 20 – 30 °C
D 30 – 40 °C
[1]
20
3) In an investigation into the synthesis of starch from glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) by
the enzyme phosphorylase, a tile was set up as shown below. Starch-free potato extract
was used as the source of phosphorylase.
Iodine solution was added to the columns at the time intervals shown. Which of the
following tiles shows the expected result of this investigation?
[1]
4) Which term refers to the process by which complex molecules are formed from
simple molecules?
A Digestion
B Synthesis
C Degradation
D Respiration
[1]
21
5) The following investigation was set up to examine the effects of stirring on the
digestion of protein. Each piece of protein was weighed every two hours.
The results are shown in the table.
(a) Use the data in the table to copy and complete the line graph below.
[2]
22
(b) Which type of enzyme would produce the results shown?
[1]
(c) When the protein was completely digested, no solid material remained in the tube.
Explain why.
[1]
(d) Name one factor, not already mentioned, which would need to be the same in each
tube at the start of the investigation.
[1]
(e) Suggest how the investigation could be improved to provide a more reliable
measurement of the difference which stirring made.
[1]
(f) Stirring increased the rate at which the protein was digested. Explain why this
happened.
[1]
(g) In the body, the stomach achieves a similar effect to stirring. Describe how this
happens.
[1]
6) (a) The diagram below shows three stages X, Y and Z that occur when an enzyme
converts its substrate into a product.
(i) This enzyme promotes the breakdown of a complex molecule into simpler molecules.
Put the stages into the correct order to show this degradation reaction.
[1]
(ii) Which number in the diagram shows the active site?
[1]
(b) Complete the following sentence by underlining the correct word from the choice in
brackets.
[1]
(c) Describe what happens to an enzyme when it is denatured.
23
[1]
7) Liver contains the enzyme catalase which carries out the following reaction.
hydrogen peroxide
water + oxygen
The investigation shown below was carried out to demonstrate the effect of pH on
catalase activity in liver. Hydrogen peroxide of different pH values was added to 1 g of
roughly chopped raw liver.
The time taken to collect 1cm3 of oxygen was recorded and the results are shown in
the table below.
(a) From the table, state the optimum pH for catalase in liver.
[1]
(b) Name the variable altered in this investigation.
[1]
(c) Explain why the experiment was repeated at each pH value and averages
calculated.
[1]
(d) Construct a line graph of the average time taken to collect 1 cm3 of oxygen against
pH of hydrogen peroxide solution
[3]
(e) Predict the average time to collect 1 cm3 of oxygen at pH12.seconds
24
[1]
8) a) Liver contains the enzyme catalase. A piece of liver was added to hydrogen peroxide
and foam was produced as shown below.
i) Name the gas in the foam.
[1]
(ii) Which other product was formed during this reaction?
[1]
(iii) Describe a control which would be used to show that active catalase is needed for
this experiment.
[1]
(iv) How could the activity of catalase be measured in this experiment?
[1]
(b) The diagram below shows an investigation to compare the activity of catalase in apple
and liver.
State two variables, not shown in the diagram, that must be kept constant for a valid
comparison.
[2]
(c) Explain why enzyme activity decreases at temperatures above the optimum.
[1]
Total: [30]
25
Homework 11
1) What is Artificial Selection? Give an example of it being used.
[2]
2) What is ‘Recombinant DNA technology’?
[1]
3) There are two main methods of identifying the required gene. Name them.
[2]
4) Describe both methods from question 3.
[2]
5) Name the two enzymes involved in genetic engineering and state what they do.
[4]
6) What is a Vector? Name the type of organism most commonly used as a vector. [2]
7) Draw a labelled diagram that shows the stages of taking one gene from one organism
and transferring it to a bacterial plasmid.
[8]
8) Describe a method to determine whether or not your bacteria have taken up the
plasmid with your required gene.
[2]
9) What does ‘Genetically Modified’ mean?
[1]
10) Give two examples of plants that have been modified and name the benefits.
[2]
11) Give two examples of animals that could be modified and the products that they
would make.
[2]
12) Why are GM crops controversial?
[2]
[Total: 30}
26
Homework 12
1) The diagram below summarises a form of genetic engineering.
Identify cell type A and name a product of genetic engineering. Describe the advantages
and disadvantages of this process.
[5]
2) Human insulin can be produced by the bacterium E. coli using the following steps.
1 Culture large quantities of E. coli in vats of nutrients.
2 Insert human insulin gene into E. coli plasmid DNA.
3 Cut insulin gene from human chromosome using enzymes.
4 Extract insulin from culture vats. The correct order for these steps is
A
B
C
D
3, 2, 1,
3, 1, 2,
1, 4, 3,
1, 2, 3,
4
4
2
4.
[1]
3) Which stage in the production of human insulin by genetic engineering is represented
in the diagram below?
A Human gene is inserted into a plasmid.
B Human gene is inserted into a bacterium.
C Plasmid is inserted into a human chromosome.
D Bacterial gene is inserted into a human chromosome.
27
[1]
4) Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
Adapted from GM Organisms by John Pickrell, www.newscientist.com
Genetic modification (GM) of crops began with the discovery that the soil bacterium
Agrobacterium could be used to transfer useful genes from unrelated species into
plants. The Bt gene is one of the most commonly inserted. It produces a pesticide
toxin that is harmless to humans but is capable of killing insect pests.
Many new crop types have been produced. Most of these are modified to be pest,
disease or weedkiller resistant, and include wheat, maize, oilseed rape, potatoes,
peanuts, tomatoes, peas, sweet peppers, lettuce and onions.
Supporters argue that drought resistant or salt resistant varieties can flourish in
poor conditions. Insect-repelling crops protect the environment by minimising
pesticide use. Golden rice with extra vitamin A or protein-enhanced potatoes can
improve nutrition.
Critics fear that GM foods could have unforeseen effects. Toxic proteins might be
produced or antibiotic-resistance genes may be transferred to human gut bacteria.
Modified crops could become weedkiller resistant “superweeds”. Modified crops could
also accidentally breed with wild plants or other crops. This could be serious if, for
example, the crops which had been modified to produce medicines bred with food
crops.
Investigations have shown that accidental gene transfer does occur. One study
showed that modified pollen from GM plants was carried by the wind for tens of
kilometres. Another study proved that genes have spread from the USA to Mexico.
(a) What role does the bacterium Agrobacterium play in the genetic modification of
crops?
[1]
(b) Crops can be genetically modified to make them resistant to pests, diseases and
weedkillers. Give another example of genetic modification that has been applied to
potatoes.
[1]
(c) Explain why a plant, which is modified to be weedkiller resistant could be:
(i) useful to farmers.
(ii) a problem for farmers.
[1]
[1]
(d) Give one example of a potential threat to health by the use of GM crops.
[1]
Total [12]
28
Homework 13
1) Give the word equation for photosynthesis.
[2]
2) Give the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
[2]
3) Name the two stages of photosynthesis.
[2]
4) Describe what happens during photolysis.
[2]
5) What happens to the products of photolysis?
[3]
6) Describe what happens during the Carbon Fixation stage of photosynthesis.
[2]
7) What happens to the carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis?
[3]
8) What is a ‘Limiting Factor’?
[1]
9) List the limiting factors for photosynthesis:
[4]
10) Draw a typical graph for CO2 as a limiting factor. Describe the stages of the graph.
[4]
11) Draw a typical graph for light intensity as a limiting factor. Describe the stages of
the graph.
[4]
12) Draw a typical graph for temperature as a limiting factor. Describe the stages of the
graph. Explain the shape.
[6]
[Total:35]
29
Homework 14
1) The diagrams below show the two stages of photosynthesis.
Describe what happens during the two stages
a) photolysis
and
b) carbon fixation.
[5]
2) . Describe the two stages of photosynthesis including the names of the raw
materials and products for each stage.
[5]
3) The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to trap:
A light energy for ATP production
B chemical energy for ATP production
C light energy for ADP production
D chemical energy for ADP production.
30
[1]
4) The diagrams below show four experiments used to investigate the conditions needed
for photosynthesis.
After two days, the four leaves were tested for the presence of starch. The results
from which two experiments should be compared to show that carbon dioxide is needed
for photosynthesis?
A 1 and 2
B 2 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 3 and 4
[1]
5) The diagram below shows part of the light dependent stage of photosynthesis.
(i) Name this part of the light dependent stage.
(ii) Name compound X.
31
[1]
[1]
6) The graph below shows the rate of photosynthesis at two different levels of carbon
dioxide concentration at 20 °C.
From the evidence given, identify the factors most likely to be limiting the rate of
photosynthesis at points X and Y on the graph.
[1]
7) The graph below shows the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of
photosynthesis at different carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures.
32
(i) Identify the factor limiting the rate of photosynthesis at point Y on the graph. [1]
(ii) From the graph, identify the factor that has the greatest effect in increasing the
rate of photosynthesis at a light intensity of 80 units. Justify your answer.
[2]
8) The graph below shows the effects of two different environmental factors on the
rate of photosynthesis.
(a) What are the limiting factors at points X and Y?
[2]
(b) Suggest one way that the rate of photosynthesis can be measured.
[1]
(c i) During the first stage of photosynthesis, light energy is used.
[1]
ii) Where is light energy trapped in the cell?
[1]
iii) State one use of this light energy.
[1]
d i) Name the second stage of photosynthesis.
[1]
ii) Name the carbohydrate produced during the second stage of photosynthesis.
[1]
Total: [26]
33
Homework 15
1) What does ATP stand for?
[1]
2) What does ADP stand for?
[1]
3) Draw a labelled molecule of ATP, showing the high energy bond.
[4]
4) Describe how ATP functions as a molecule of chemical energy transfer.
[4]
5) What can ATP be used for?
[3]
6) What do the terms Aerobic and Anaerobic mean?
[2]
7) What is Glycolysis and what happens during it?
[2]
8) What are the products of Glycolysis and what happens to them?
[2]
9) Describe the second stage of respiration, starting with a molecule of pyruvic acid.
[4]
10) Name the cellular structure in which respiration takes place.
[1]
11) Describe the relationship between activity of cells and the number of mitochondria in
those cells.
[1]
12) Describe the difference in number of ATP’s produced between aerobic and anaerobic
respiration.
[1]
13) Give another name for anaerobic respiration.
34
[1]
14) Describe what happens during anaerobic respiration in animal cells.
[3]
15) Explain why anaerobic respiration is reversible in animal cells.
[1]
16) Describe what happens during anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells.
[3]
17) Explain why anaerobic respiration is irreversible in plant and yeast cells.
[1]
18) State the word equation for aerobic respiration.
[2]
19) State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells.
[1]
20) State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells.
[1]
[Total: 39]
35
Homework 16
1) Fermentation of sugar cane produces alcohol. What is produced when this alcohol is mixed with petrol?
A Biogas
B Gasohol
C Methane
D Carbon dioxide
[1]
2) The energy yield per glucose molecule during aerobic respiration is
A 2 molecules of ATP
B 18 molecules of ATP
C 36 molecules of ATP
D 38 molecules of ATP.
[1]
3) The energy values of different food groups are shown in the table.
What is the simple whole number ratio of the energy value in fat to protein to carbohydrate?
A1:2:1
B2:1:1
C 19 : 38 : 19
D 38 : 19 : 19
[1]
4) The anaerobic breakdown of glucose splits from the aerobic pathway of respiration
A after the formation of pyruvic acid
B after the formation of acetyl-CoA
C after the formation of citric acid
D at the start of glycolysis.
[1]
36
5) The diagram below shows the apparatus used to investigate the energy contents of different
foods. 1 g of each food was burned under a beaker containing 100cm3 of water. The rise in water
temperature was measured using a thermometer.
When different foods were burned, the following results were obtained.
The following equation can be used to calculate the energy value of food.
Energy value = 0.42 × temperature rise (°C)
(kJ per gram)
Using this equation, the energy value of egg is
A 0.42
B 8.4
C 84
D 840.
[1]
6) A. Describe the function of yeast in bread making and the anaerobic pathway of respiration
involved in this process.
[5]
7) . Describe the two stages of aerobic respiration including the names of the raw materials and
products for each stage.
[5]
37
8) (a) Lactic acid is a waste product from one type of respiration. What type of respiration
produces lactic acid?
[1]
(b) The lactic acid content of the blood of a professional cyclist was measured while cycling at
different speeds. The graph shows the results of these measurements taken at the start of
the racing season and at the end.
(i) What was the lactic acid concentration when the cyclist was travelling at 15 miles per hour?[1]
(ii) At the start of the season, what was the speed of the cyclist when he was producing 50% of
his maximum lactic acid concentration?
[1]
(iii) When lactic acid concentration rises above 2.5 nM, the leg muscles quickly lose power and
become painful.
1 What name is given to this condition?
[1]
2 What is the maximum speed this cyclist could maintain at the start of the season?
miles per hour
[1]
38
9) (a) The diagram below shows the link between aerobic respiration and protein
synthesis.
(i) Name substances A, B and C.
[3]
(ii) Some energy released in respiration can be used for protein synthesis. State one other
cellular activity that uses energy.
[1]
(b) The graph below shows lactic acid concentration in blood during a period of vigorous exercise
(P) and of complete rest (Q).
Explain why the lactic acid concentration changes during period Q.
[1]
Total [25]
39