Chapter 06 - Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food
Key Terms
aerobic
anaerobic
cellular respiration
citric acid cycle
electron transport chain
fermentation
glycolysis
NADH
photosynthesis
producers
Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere
1. Explain how the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary to each other.
Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy
2. Compare the processes of cellular respiration and breathing.
3. Memorize the simplified equation for cellular respiration (don’t need to remember chemical formula for glucose).
4. Do not worry about redox reactions.
5. Know that NADH functions essentially as an electron carrier. NADH transports the high-energy electrons from
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle the electron transport chain.
6. Know the names of the 3 different stages of aerobic respiration in fig 6.6 and text pg 97-99 and the order in which
they occur.
7. Know the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration (AKA harvest of food energy). (hint: which
involves oxygen).
Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy
8. Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? (see the heading above)
Chapter 21 – pg 465-466
Key Terms
homeostasis
interstitial fluid
negative feedback
positive feedback
Exchanges with the External Environment
1. Understand that exchange with the environment only occurs across surfaces (at all levels: cell, tissue and organ
surfaces) and the shape of a cell/tissue/organ determines how efficiently that cell/tissue/organ can exchange
material with the external environment of the cell/tissue/organ.
Regulating the Internal Environment
2. What is the definition of homeostasis as explained in the textbook?
3. Understand the example of negative feedback given in the book (as in fig 21.13) even if the term is not clearly
understood yet.
4. Know that positive feedback is the opposite of negative feedback even if you don’t understand the term just yet.
Know the example they use with childbirth.
Chapter 22 - Nutrition and Digestion p485-488
Key Terms
basal metabolic rate
(BMR)
calorie
essential amino acids
essential fatty acids
essential nutrients
kilocalorie
metabolic rate
minerals
vitamins
Human Nutritional Requirements
1. Distinguish between calories, Calories (with uppercase “c”) and kilocalories.
2. Define basal metabolic rate
3. Why are certain amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals “essential?”
Chapter 25 – Hormones p536-541
Key Terms
endocrine glands
endocrine system
hormones
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
target cell
Hormones: An Overview
1. Define an endocrine system, endocrine glands, a hormone, and target cells.
2. Where are the receptors for water-soluble hormones typically found? Where are the receptors for lipid-soluble
receptors typically found? Why is there this difference?
The Human Endocrine System
3. You do not need to memorize any of the specific hormones or anything else in table 25.1. The only gland I want
you to know about is the pituitary gland in general (again not all the details in table 25.1)
4. Don’t worry about the distinction between the posterior and anterior pituitary.
5. Know that the hypothalamus is the main control center of the endocrine system (p540)
a) it produces responses through the pituitary gland which releases various different hormones
b) …that control different bodily functions related to homeostasis
6. Don’t worry about the details of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and osmoregulation. Just know that ADH is a
hormone that is important for water balance (keeping the blood and body fluids from becoming too hyper- or
hypo-tonic)
7. Don’t worry about the details of human growth hormone (HGH), just know it is a hormone that is important for
proper growth and development.
8. You do not need to know read the section starting with the thyroid and parathyroid glands.