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Changes in Content ……… Salvia plebeia R. Br. as
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Affected
byauthor
Lightmust
Intensity
asterisk (*).
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Chul Hwan Hwang1, Yoo Gyeong Park1, and Byoung Ryong Jeong1,2,3*
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Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660701, Korea
Affiliations:
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Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
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Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
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*Corresponding
author: brjeong@gnu.ac.kr
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Abstract. The effect of light intensity on content of total polyphenol and activities of antioxidizing enzymes
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of P. frutescens var. acuta Kudo (Perilla) and S. plebeia R. Br. (Salvia) under a controlled environment was
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Abstract: Font-Times
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investigated.
The threeNew
treatments
were T1,
300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD for 38 days; T2, 300 μmol·m-2·s-1
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-2 -1
-2 -1
PPFD
for 31 daysNew
and Roman;
500 μmol·m
Text: Font-Times
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cite any
Figures
or Tables in shoot
abstract.
days.
38 days
of cultivation,
and root growth, contents of total chlorophyll, anthocyanin and total
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polyphenol, and activities of antioxidizing enzymes were measured. The shoot and root growth decreased in
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the T2 and T3 treatments. Moreover, the incidence of tip burn increased in the T3 treatment in both species.
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Anthocyanin content in the Perilla decreased, while total chlorophyll content of the Salvia increased, in the
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T2 and T3 treatments as compared to the T1 treatment. ……
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Total polyphenol content and activities of antioxidizing enzymes increased in the Perilla in the T3 and in the
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alphabetical
order to be used for indexing purpose.
Salvia in
the T2 treatments
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Additional key words: controlled environment, growth parameters, light stress, medicinal plant, tip burn
The title, authors, affiliations, corresponding author, abstract, and additional key words should be on
the first page.
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Introduction: Font-Times New Roman; Style-Bold;
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Introduction
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Indentation-1.0 cm
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In Korea, there are approximately 900 species of medicinal plants growing in mountainous areas, of
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these about 60 species are cultivated as traditional crops by growers (Chung, 1998). Moreover, the
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production of medicinal plants in Korea is steadily increasing every year due to the awareness about the
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medicinal properties such as antioxidizing properties.
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Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo (Perilla) is native to mountainous areas of China, India, and other
should
be started
from page
2. extract has been used to treat various ailments
countries, and‘Introduction’
is grown mainly
in Asia
(Yu, 1997).
The plant
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such as asthma,
cold,
cough,
vomiting,
and abdominal
(Kimura
al., or
1996).
Salvia plebeia R. Br.
Please
ensure
the clarity
of Figures
and Tables pain
printed
either inetcolor
black-white.
(Salvia), widely distributed in many countries such as Korea, China, India, Iran, and Australia, is used in folk
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medicine for treating inflammatory diseases including hepatitis, cough, diarrhea, gonorrhea, menorrhagia,
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tumors, and hemorrhoids (Chopra et al., 1986). However, in the natural environment, there is concern
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associated with the cultivation of medicinal plants, including biotic
or abiotic
contamination,
adulteration
of
Materials
and Methods:
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plant species
and weed,
quality variation of the medicinalSize-12;
plant products
themselves
(Zobayed et al.,
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Roman;
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2005).
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subtitle words.
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Materials and Methods
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Plant Materials and Growth Conditions
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Seeds of P. frutescens var. acuta Kudo (Perilla) and S. plebeia R. Br. (Salvia) were sown in 200-cell
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plug trays containing a commercial medium (Tosilee medium, Shinan Grow Co., Jinju, Korea) and
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germinated seedlings were grown at 25°C, 80% RH, and 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD in a closed-type plant
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factory (7.7 m × 2.5 m × 2.7 m, Green Industry Co., Changwon, Korea).
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Light Treatments
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The light intensity treatments were given by maintaining the plants under the fluorescent lamps
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(F48T12-CW-VHO, Philips, Eindhoven, the Netherlands) at different heights so that the shoot tips receive
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light at an intensity of either 300 or 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD. The PPFD was measured with a digital
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photometer (HD2102.1, Delta OHM, Padova, Italy).
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Results
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Growth and development measured at the vegetative growth
stage (38 days after treatment initiation)
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of both species as affected by light intensity are shown in Fig. 2.Text:
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and root
growth
was Size-11;
promotedSpacing-1.5;
in
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the T1 than in the other treatments. Quality characteristics at the vegetative growth stage of both species as
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affected by light intensity are shown in Table 1. Plant height of Perilla was the greatest (27.0 cm) in the T1
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and the least in the T3. In both Perilla and Salvia length of root, number of leaves, and fresh and dry weights
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were not significantly different among the treatments, whereas leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area
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decreased in the T2 and T3 treatments. As the light intensity and/or the length of cultivation period under the
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high light intensity increase, such leaf growth parameters as leaf length, leaf width and leaf area decreased.
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High light intensity resulted in the inhibition of non-stomatal components of photosynthesis and further the
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prevention of photosynthesis led to the reduction of growth (Bjorkman and Powles, 1984).
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Discussion
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Discussion: Font-Times New Roman; Size-12; StyleHavaux and Tardy (1999) reported loss of chlorophyll and increased synthesis of anthocyanin under
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high temperatures and light intensities. The decline of chlorophyll content indicates the loss in efficiency of
Text: Font-Times New Roman; Size-11; Spacing-1.5;
primary photochemistry of stressed leaves (Baker and Rosenqvist,
2004).
Indentation-1.0
cm In the present study, this reduction
of chlorophyll content was caused by higher light intensities only in the Perilla leaves, whereas chlorophyll
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content of the Salvia was rather increased at high light intensities. It was probably due to property of
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different species, the latter having more tolerance to high light intensities or having higher light saturation
Acknowledgement: Font-Times New
points.
The Size-12;
fluorescent
lamps had absolute irradiance in the UV (300-400 nm) range (Fig. 2). The UV
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radiation can be regarded as a stress factor which is capable of significantly affecting plant growth
Text: Font-Times New Roman; Size-11;
characteristics
Spacing-1.5(Tsormpatsidis et al., 2008). Strid et al. (1994) reported negative effects of UV that caused
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Acknowledgements: This study was carried out with the support of “On-site Cooperative Agriculture
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Research Project (Project No. 9070222013)”, RDA, Republic of Korea.
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Literature Cited: Font-Times New Roman; Size12; Style-Bold; Location-Center
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Literature Cited
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Text (Literatures): Font-Times New Roman;
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Aebi, H. 1974. Catalase: Methods of enzymatic analysis. Academic Press, London, U.K. 2:673-684.
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Apel, K. and H. Hirt. 2004. Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative, stress, and signal transduction.
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Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 55:371-399.
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant.
Physiol. 24:1-15.
Artetxe,
J.I. Garcia,
A. Hernnádez,
and
Beceriil.order,
2002. Low light grown duckweed plants are more
All U.,
literature
cited should
be listed in
an J.M.
alphabetical
by the author’s
family
names.
For the
author
or forPhysiol. Biochem. 40:859-863.
protected
against the
toxicity
induced
by same
Zn and
Cd. Plant
the same set of authors, literature cited should be arranged
Baker,
N. and E. Rosenqvist.
2004.
of chlorophyll
fluorescence can improve crop production
chronologically.
If there are
moreApplications
than one publications
in
the same year for the same author(s), the letter a, b, c, etc.
strategies:
an examination of future possibilities. J. Exp. Bot. 55:1607-1621.
should be added to the year.
Chen, G.X. and K. Asada. 1989. Ascorbate peroxidase in tea leaves: Occurrence of two isozymes and the
differences in their enzymatic and molecular properties. Plant Cell Physiol. 30:987-998.
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105
a
A
0.06
Figure parts should be denoted by
b
uppercase letters (A, B, bC, etc).
0.04
0.02
APX (mol ascorbate oxidized
min-1 mg-1 protein)
0.00
25
C
108
B
8
6
4
2
0
20
b
b
15
10
5
T1
107
10
a
0
106
GPX (mol guaical min-1 mg-1 protein)
0.08
T2
T3
CAT (mol H2O2 min-1 mg-1 protein)
SOD (mol NBT min-1 mg-1 protein)
Figure
2000
D
a
b
b
1500
1000
500
Treatment
0
T1
T2
T3
Treatment
Fig. 1. Activities of SOD (A), GPX (B), APX (C), and CAT (D) in leaves of P. frutescens var.
acuta Kudo as affected by light intensity provided by fluorescent lamps after 38 days of light
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Fig. 1: Font-Times New Roman; Size-12; Style-Bold
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Textat(Caption):
Font-Times
Newfor
Roman;
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Hanging-0.5
-2 -1
300 μmol·m
·s PPFD
31 days
and 500
μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD for additional 7 days; and T3,
cm
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plants were grown at 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD for 38 days. Vertical bars indicate standard error of
112
the means. Duncan’s multiple range tests at p = 0.05.
treatment: T1, plants were grown at 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD for 38 days; T2, plants were grown
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Table
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Table 1. Growth, total chlorophyll, and total anthocyanin contents at the vegetative growth stage of
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P. frutescens var. acuta Kudo and S. plebeia R. Br. measured at 38 days after treatment initiation
Table 1: Font-Times New Roman; Size-12; Style-Bold
as affected by light intensity.
Text (Caption): Font-Times New Roman; Size-12; Hanging-0.5 cm
Plant species
(A)
Plant
Length of
treatmentz
height
longest root
(B)
(cm)
(cm)
T1
27.0 ay
24.9 a
T2
25.5 ab
T3
Width
Area
(cm)
(cm)
(cm2)
33.9 a
11.0 a
9.1 a
884 a
25.5 a
33.3 a
9.0 c
7.7 b
823 a
24.7 b
26.7 a
33.0 a
10.0 b
8.3 ab
748 a
T1
-x
15.0 a
56.3 a
12.3 a
5.2 a
959 a
T2
-
14.5 a
53.0 a
10.4 b
4.8 a
870 a
T3
-
14.3 a
46.2 a
10.3 b
4.9 a
815 a
A
-
***
***
**
***
NS
B
-
NS
NS
***
**
*
A×B
-
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
S. plebeia
F-test
z
No. of
Length
P. frutescens
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Leaf
Light
leaves
Light intensity treatments: T1, plants were grown at 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD for 38 days; T2, plants
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were grown at 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD for 31 days and 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD for additional 7
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y
The
footnotes
shouldwithin
be listed
in a reverse
Mean
separation
columns
eachalphabetical
species by Duncan's multiple range test at p = 0.05.
order (z, y, w, etc.) in superscript.
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days; and T3, plants were grown at 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD for 38 days.
x
No measurement.
NS,*,**,***Nonsignificant or significant at p = 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively.
5