化工群專業英文校訂參考科目教學示例
建議課程綱要：
一、
元素名稱
二、
化合物命名
三、
普通化學專有名詞
四、
分析化學專有名詞
五、
基礎化工專有名詞
六、
化工裝置專有名詞
七、
儀器操作步驟
八、
實驗課程操作步驟
九、
短篇期刊文章
IUPAC Rules for Inorganic Nomenclature
IONIC COMPOUNDS
Positive Ions (cations)
Ion
Monatomic positive ions take the names of the metal from
which they are derived:
Name
Na+ sodium ion
Ca2+ calcium ion
Al3+
aluminum
ion
When a metal forms more than one ion, it is necessary to distinguish
between these ions. The accepted practice today is to indicate the charge
of the ion by a roman numeral in parenthesis immediately following the
name of the metal:
Ion
Name
Fe2+ iron(II)
Fe3+ iron(III)
Cu+ copper(I)
Cu2+ copper(II)
Sn2+
tin(II)
Sn4+
tin(IV)
Ion
The only common inorganic polyatomic positive NH4+
ions are:
Hg22+
Name
ammonium
mercury(II) or
mercurous
Negative Ions (anions)
Monatomic negative ions are named by adding the suffix -ide to the stem
of the name of the nonmetal from which they are derived:
Ion
Name
H-
hydride
F-
fluoride
Cl- chloride
Br-
bromide
I-
iodide
O2-
oxide
S2-
sulfide
Se2- selenide
Te2- telluride
N3-
nitride
P3- phosphide
C4-
carbide
The nomenclature of polyatomic anions is more complex. The names of the
most common are:
Ion
Formula
borate
BO33-
carbonate
CO32-
hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
HCO3-
hypochlorite
ClO
chlorite
ClO2-
chlorate
ClO3-
perchlorate
ClO4-
chromate
CrO42-
dichromate
Cr2O72-
-
cyanide
CN-
phosphite
PO33-
phosphate
PO43-
hydrogen phosphate
HPO42-
dihydrogen phosphate
H2PO4-
hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)
HSO3-
hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)
HSO4-
sulfite
SO32-
sulfate
SO4
sulfide
S2-
hydrosulfide
HS-
hydroxide
OH-
nitrite
NO2-
nitrate
NO3-
oxalate
C2O42-
permanganate
MnO4-
silicate
SiO4
2-
4-
Ionic Compounds
For ionic compounds, the name of the positive ion (cation) is given first,
followed by the name of the negative ion (anion):
Compound
Name
CaCl2
calcium chloride
Fe(ClO4)3
iron(III) perchlorate
FeBr2
iron(II) bromide
NaHCO3
sodium hydrogen carbonate
(NH4)2SO4
ammonium sulfate
COVALENT COMPOUNDS
For covalent compounds involving metals, the above rules are still used
when metals are involved:
AlCl3 aluminum chloride
SnCl4 tin(IV) chloride
For compounds made up of nonmetals, the first element named is the one
with lower electronegativity, with the second having the higher
electronegativity:
Compound
Name
HCl
hydrogen chloride
H2S
hydrogen sulfide
NF3
nitrogen fluoride
If more than one binary compound is formed by a pair of nonmetals, the
Greek prefixes di (two), tri (three), tetra (four), penta (five), hexa
(six), etc. are used to designate the number of atoms present. The monoprefix is rarely used.
Compound
Name
N2O5
dinitrogen pentoxide*
N2O4
dinitrogen tetroxide
N2O3
dinitrogen trioxide
N2O2
dinitrogen dioxide
N2O
dinitrogen oxide
NO2
nitrogen dioxide
NO
nitrogen oxide
*when immediately followed by a vowel, the a is dropped.
Many of the most common binary nonmetal componds have common names which
are use more frequently:
Compound
Name
H2O
water
H2O2
hydrogen peroxide
NH3
ammonia
N2H4
hydrazine
PH3
phosphine
AsH3
arsine
NO
nitric oxide
N2O
nitrous oxide
Practice Quiz.Try to name the following compounds.
Compound
Name
?
Answers
Compound
Name
NaF
Sodium Fluoride
H2S
Hydrogen Sulfide
K2CO3
Potassium
Carbonate
NaF
H2S
K2CO3
FeCl3
Mg(OH)2
FeCl3
Iron(III)
Chloride
NH4Br
PbI2
Al2O3
Mg(OH)2
Magnesium
Hydroxide
NH4Br
Ammonium Bromide
CaS
PbI
Lead(II) Iodide
CaSO3
Al2O3
Aluminum Oxide
CaSO4
CaS
Calcium Sulfide
Ca3(PO4)2
CaSO3
Calcium Sulfite
Na3N
CaSO4
Calcium Sulfate
Ca3(PO4)2
Calcium
Phosphate
Na3N
Sodium Nitride
Li2O
Lithium Oxide
K2S
Potassium
Sulfide
NaNO3
(NH4)2S
Ammonium Sulfide
SO3
Fe2O3
Iron(III) Oxide
Mg3P2
Magnesium
Phosphide
NaNO3
Sodium Nitrate
SO3
Sulfur Trioxide
KCl
Potassium
Chloride
CoCl2
BaSO4
Barium Sulfate
TiO
ZnCl2
Zinc Chloride
Li2O
K2S
(NH4)2S
Fe2O3
Mg3P2
KCl
BaSO4
ZnCl2
AgNO3
WO3
AgNO3
Silver Nitrate
WO3
Tungsten (VI)
Oxide
CoCl2
Cobalt (II)
Chloride
TiO
Titanium (II)
Oxide