Name:________________________________________Date:_____________________Period:_____
Ecology Test Study Guide- Test Date: 2/27
Words to know:
Population- Groups of single species that live together in the same place.
Population Trend- How a population changes over time (increase, decrease, stay the same)
Food Web- a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.
Predator- an organism that naturally preys on other organisms.
Prey- an organism that is hunted and killed by another for food.
Producer- An organism that uses the sun for energy
Consumer- An organism that eats the food
Ecosystem- a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Ecology- The Study of the relationships between organisms, including humans, and the environment.
Plankton- the small and microscopic organisms drifting or floating in the sea or fresh water
Zooplankton- plankton consisting of small animals and the immature stages of larger animals.
Phytoplankton-plankton consisting of microscopic plants.
Habitat- the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
Carrying capacity- the amount a container can hold based on both living and non-living factors
Biotic- Living Factors in an environment
Abiotic- Non-living factors in an environment.
Competition- The interaction between species where the well-being of one is lessened by the other.
REMOVED DECOMPOSER
Name:________________________________________Date:_____________________Period:_____
Concepts to know:
Animalia Phylya (Activity 75, Phylum PowerPoint Notes)1. Describe each phylum and list one example of each of the 9 phyla we studied.
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

Phylum Porifera
–
–
water organism, no tissues or organs, asymmetrical
ex: sponge
Phylum Cnidaria
–
–
stinging cells, soft body, radially symmetrical, live in water alone or in a group
ex: sea anemone, jellyfish, coral
Phylum Platyhelminthes
– bilaterally symmetrical, flat, worms, 1 digestive opening, can live in other organisms or by
themselves.

– ex: tapeworm, planarian, nudibranch
Phylum Nematoda
– round body, symmetrical, digestive system has 2 openings, some live by themselves but prefer to
live in other organisms.
– ex: roundworm (ringworm)

Phylum Mollusca
– soft body, many have a hard shell, live in the water or on land.
– ex: zebra mussels, squid, cowrie, octopus, snails, clams
Name:________________________________________Date:_____________________Period:_____
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Phylum Annelida
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Phylum Arthropoda
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Phylum Echinodermata
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Phylum Chordata
– has segments, bilaterally symmetrical, live in water or on land, worm.
– ex: leech, earthworm, blackworm
– hard shell, segmented bodies, paired appendages, live in water or land, exoskeleton.
– ex: shrimp, mosquito, beetle, spiders, crustaceans (crabs, lobster)
– live in salt water, spiny or leathery skin, tube feet, radially symmetrical
– ex: sea star, sand dollar, sea urchin, sun star
– internal skeleton, specialized body systems, paired appendages, nerve cord on the back, at some
point they have a tail and gill slits.
– ex: humans, Nile perch, horses, mammals, birds, fish, reptiles
Chordata Classes (People, Birds and Bats)1. Describe the 5 classes in the chordata phylum and give an example of each.
Name:________________________________________Date:_____________________Period:_____
Population Trends-(Activity 77-Ups and Downs)
1. Be able to graph population trends using a data table.
Population of Alaskan King Crab in the Bering Strait (in Millions)
Year
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Crab
200
240
500
180
110
235
360
370
373
Count
2008
205
Crab Count
600
500
Population of Crab
400
300
Crab Count
200
100
0
11999 2000
2 2001
3 2002
4 2003
5 2004
6 2005
7 2006
8 2007
9 2008
10
Years
2. Be able to describe what is happening to a population when looking at a graph.
a. What is the population trend of Alaskan King Crab in the Bering Strait from 1999-2008?
ABOUT THE SAME (LOOK AT THE FIRST AND LAST DATA
b. What is the population trend of Alaskan King Crab in the Bering Strait from 1999-2001?
INCREASING (LOOK AT THE DATA FROM POSITIONS 1-3 ABOVE)
3. Be able to describe biotic and abiotic factors that would affect populations.
a. What are some biotic factors that would affect this population of King Crab?
AS LONG AS YOUR ANSWER REFLECTS LIVING FACTORS AND MAKES SENSE
YOU ARE OK!
b. What are some abiotic factors that would affect this population of King Crab?
AS LONG AS YOUR ANSWER REFLECTS NON-LIVING FACTORS AND MAKES
SENSE YOU ARE OK!
Name:________________________________________Date:_____________________Period:_____
Food Webs-(Activity 79)
1. What effect do introduced species have on ecosystems?
DEPENDS ON WHERE IT IS INTRODUCED IN A FOOD WEB. QUATRANARY
CONSUMERS ARE GOING TO EFFECT AN ECOSYSTEM GREATER THAN ANY OTHER.
2. What does the direction of an arrow in a food web indicate (show)?
THE DIRECTION OF ENERGY FLOW
3. What happens to energy as you go further up the food chain?
ENERGY IS LOST AS YOU GO UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
4. Draw a food web. Include produces (mark P), primary consumers (C1), secondary consumers (C2),
tertiary consumers (C3) and quaternary consumers (C4)
ANSWERS WILL VARY
Competition (Activity 84-Clam Catch)
1. How does competition affect species in an ecosystem?
ONE SPECIES WILL BE EFFECTED MORE GREATLY THAN ANOTHER, BUT BOTH
WILL NOT BENEFIT FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF ANOTHER SPECIES.
2. How does an introduced species effect competition?
IT INCREASES COMPETITION.
3. Be able to interpret a graph of competition.
Carrying Capacity- (Activity 85-Is there room for one more?)
1.
How do you determine carrying capacity when looking at a graph?
IT IS THE POINT AT WHICH THE GRAPH LEVELS OUT AFTER ANY CHANGES.
2. What is the relationship between predator and prey in terms of carrying capacity?
IF THE PREDATOR NUMBER INCREASES, SO DOES THE PREY IN ORDER TO
COMPENSATE. (OPPOSITE ALSO TRUE).
Name:________________________________________Date:_____________________Period:_____
3. In a lake ecosystem, what are some biotic factors that could affect carrying capacity?
AS LONG AS YOUR ANSWER REFLECTS LIVING FACTORS AND MAKES SENSE YOU
ARE OK!
4. In a lake ecosystem, what are some abiotic factors that could affect carrying capacity?
AS LONG AS YOUR ANSWER REFLECTS NON-LIVING FACTORS AND MAKES SENSE
YOU ARE OK!
Activity 87- Too many mussels
Given an invasive species, speak logically on reasons to control, factors to control, issues surrounding the
invasive and why it might be a good thing to let it grow.