Nomen________Key_____________________________Manus_________Dies________
Lesson VIII: Gallia
p. 67
Ablative of Means
USAGE OF CASES
We have seen that:

Nominative
is used for the subject
noun
of the sentence, or a predicate
.

Genitive
is used to show possession
.

Dative________________ is used for the _indirect object________________
_____________________ of the sentence.

Accusative
following a
is used for the direct object
preposition
of the sentence, or
.
The Ablative Case has many uses. It often follows a ___preposition__________ such as
the following five:
With
From
By
Ablative
On
In
The Ablative Endings Are:
Singular
st
Plural
Declension
ā
īs
2nd Declension
ō
īs
1
Nomen________Key_____________________________Manus_________Dies________
Lesson VIII: Gallia
p. 67
Often a preposition such as with or by (means of) is necessary when you translate the Latin ablative
noun to English, but the Latin ablative noun may not need a Latin preposition. So carrō = with a cart or
by (means of) a cart.
The most common way to translate any ablative noun that does not follow a Latin preposition is:


__with_______ the noun
___by________(means of) the noun
How to tell if it is
dative or ablative….
Dative Nouns
Ablative Nouns
Verbs it can be used with
Giving/Entrusting/
Telling/Showing
Any action verb
People or Things?
Mostly people/animals
Position in the sentence
English – indirect object can be
shown by position right before
the direct object (I give the dog
food)
to the noun/for the noun
Mostly things (objects, tools,
etc.)
Can be anywhere in the Latin
sentence; often comes after the
verb in English (I wrote the letter
with a pen)
with the noun/by the noun/by
means of the noun
How to translate it
Examples in the Story
“Gallia” p. 65
Underline the ablative noun in each sentence. Then
write its English translation on the blank.
Ex: Equō cibum portat.
Remember, you are looking for nouns
that have the ablative endings:
1st
declension
2nd
declension
-ā
-ō
-īs
-īs
with a horse/by means of a horse
1. Terram nostram pugnīs occupātis.
______________________
2. Praedam ad Italiam multīs carrīs portātis.______________________________
3. Victoriīs nostrīs, vītās et pecūniam nostram servābimus.________________________
4. Iniūriīs et poenīs nōs ad pugnam incitātis.___________________________________
5. Pugnīs Gallī vītās et terram nōn servant.____________________________________