9th Fall Semester Final Study Guide
Period 4 generated questions
Unit 1
1a. How can the cell membrane regulate the interaction from the inside and the outside?
Key words: Cell membrane, cell, regulate, semipermeable, ribosome
1e. How does the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus make protein?
Key words: sacs, fix proteins, golgi apparatus, proteins, endoplasmic reticulum
1c. Why does a eukaryote need a cell wall to survive and not a prokaryote?
Key words: capsule, cytoplasm, flagella, ribosome, eukaryotes
1f. Why is light dependent reaction an important stage in photosynthesis?
Key words: photosynthesis, independent light reaction, chlorophyll, thylakoid membrane,
electron transport chain
1g. Why are mitochondria found both in plant and animal cells?
Key words: chemical bound, carbon dioxide, break down glucose, energy, mitochondria
Unit 2
4a. How is tRNA used in ribosome to synthesis proteins?
Key words: tRNA, ribosomes, synthesize, proteins
4b. How do you use genetic coding rules to predict the sequence of amino acid from a sequence of
codon in RNA?
Key words: genetic coding, amino acids, sequence, codon, RNA
1d. How does the central dogma outline the flow of information from transcription of RNA in the
nucleus to translation of proteins in the cytoplasm?
Key words: outline, central dogma, transcription, translation, proteins
5a. How are DNA, RNA, and proteins structured and function?
Key words: DNA, RNA, proteins, structure, function
5b. How are base pairing rule used to explain the copying of DNA during semiconservative replication?
Key words: base pairing ,used, copying, DNA, semiconservative replication
5c. How are genetic engineering used to produce novel biomedical and agricultural products?
Key words: genetic engineering, produce, biomedical, agricultural products, recombinant DNA
Unit 3
4c. How does mutation in DNA may or may not affect the expression of the sequence of amino acids?
Key words: mutation, DNA, amino acid, genes, encoded proteins
4d. Why do we need to know that specialization of cells in multicellular organisms is usually due to
different patterns of gene expression rather than the genes themselves?
Key words: organisms, cell, genes, multicellular, specialization
4e. How do proteins differ from one another in the number of sequence of amino acid?
Key words: protein, amino acids, sequence, differ, number
Unit 4
2a. How do chromosomes segregate and separate during the process of meiosis?
Key words: chromosomes, separate, during, process, meiosis
2b. How do certain cells in a multicellular organism undergo meiosis?
Key words: certain cells, multicellular, organism, undergo, meiosis
2c. How do random chromosome segregation explain the probability that a particular allele will be in a
gamete?
Key words: random, chromosome, segregation, allele, gamete
2d. Why do new combinations of alleles may be generated in a zygote through the fusion of male and
female gametes?
Key words: combination, generate, zygote, fusion, male and female gametes
2e. Why do half of individual DNA sequence come from each of the parents?
Key words: haploid, individual, DNA, parents, sequence
2f. How does the role of chromosome determine an individual sex?
Key words: chromosome, determine, individual, sex
Unit 5
2g. How do we know if the possible combinations of alleles are correct?
Key words: monohybrid, dihybrid, genotypes, punnett squares, phenotype
3a. How does the inheritance between parents and offspring effect the further generations?
Key words: recessive, dominant, x-linked, autosomal, carrier
3b. How does Mendel’s two laws work with the punnett square?
Key words: law of segregation, law of independent assortment, punnett square
Unit 6
7a. Why is the appearance more affected than the genes?
Key words: phenotype, genotype, natural selection, organism, genes
7b. Why do males get more affected than females?
Key words: chromosomes, lethal alleles, homozygous, heterozygous, x-linked
7d. Why do only some species survive changes in the environment?
Key words: industrial melanism, genetic variation, gene pool, diversity, speciation
Unit 7
8a. How does changes in the environment affect natural selection?
Key words: biodiversity, survival of the fittest, Charles Darwin, natural selection, environmental
changes
8b. Why is that the more diversity there is in an ecosystem, the more chance of some species surviving?
Key words: ecosystem, speciation, divergent, biodiversity
8e. How is mass extinction determined through fossil evidence analysis?
Key words: mass extinction, fossil evidence, analysis, characteristic