Movement of the Earth’s Crust:VOCABULARY
Crust:________________________________________________________________
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Mantle:______________________________________________________________
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Core:________________________________________________________________
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Lithosphere:__________________________________________________________
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Asthenosphere:________________________________________________________
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Plate Tectonics:________________________________________________________
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Divergent Boundary:___________________________________________________
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Transform Fault Boundary:______________________________________________
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Mid-ocean ridge: ______________________________________________________
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Rift:_________________________________________________________________
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Sea-floor spreading: ____________________________________________________
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Earthquake:___________________________________________________________
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Focus:________________________________________________________________
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Epicenter:____________________________________________________________
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P wave:______________________________________________________________
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S wave:______________________________________________________________
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Surface wave:_________________________________________________________
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Richter scale:__________________________________________________________
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Volcano:_____________________________________________________________
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Unit D Cycles in Earth and Space
Chapter 1 Movement of Earth’s Crust
Lesson 1 What are Earth’s Layers?
OBJECTIVES
You will find out…
 about the Earth’s structure
 about Earth’s plates and where they are located
 some of the ways that Earth’s surface changes.
Earth’s Layers
Earth’s basic structure is that of a ________________________________.
What are the three main layers of Earth?
_______________________________
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What is Earth’s innermost layer and what is it made up of?
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What is the outer core made of?
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What is the layer above the outer core?
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What is the layer that we live on?
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How is it different form the other layers?
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Use Process Skills
Compare the lithosphere to the asthenosphere.
In what layer(s) of the Earth is the lithosphere found?
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In what layer(s) of the Earth is the asthenosphere?
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Label the layers of Earth
Earth’s Plates
Earth’s lithosphere is divided into _____________________________________
that float on the asthenosphere.
What is plate tectonics?
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Where is Earth’s oceans and continents located?
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How can the huge, rigid plates float on the asthenosphere?
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Why don’t we feel the ground moving as the plates of the lithosphere move
around?
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Visual Learning
Examine the map of the plates on pages D8-D9.
Which plate do we live on?
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Which continent seems to fit together with Africa?
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Based on their fit, what can you hypothesize about these two continents?
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Changes to Earth’s Surface
What changes Earth’s surface?
 ________________________________________________________________
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 ________________________________________________________________
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Which changes build up Earth’s Surface?
 ________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________
Which changes wear down Earth’s surface?
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Lesson 2 How Do Earth’s Plates Move?
OBJECTIVES
You will find out…
 about divergent, convergent, and transform fault boundaries
 how continents move and change
The Movement of Earth’s Plates
As lithospheric plates ______________, they interact in one of several ways.
How does the movement of plates affect Earth’s surface?
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What happens along a divergent boundary?
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What happens along a convergent boundary?
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What happens along a transform fault boundary?
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Divergent Boundaries
What happens along a divergent boundary?
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What do you infer about the magnitude of pressure in Earth’s crust under Iceland?
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Convergent Boundaries
______________________ of collisions are possible along a convergent boundary.
What happens along a convergent boundary?
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What happens when two oceanic plates collide?
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What happens when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate?
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Transform Fault Boundaries
What happens along a transform fault boundary?
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What occurs often at transform fault boundaries?
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Use Process Skills
Along what kind of boundary is crust produced?
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Along what boundaries is crust destroyed?
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Along what boundaries is crust neither formed nor destroyed?
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Visual Learning
Use the maps on pages D18-D19 to answer the questions.
What theory do these maps help illustrate?
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What can you infer about the location of continents from the maps?
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Earth’s Surface Changes Over Time
How do Earth’s plates affect the positions of the continents?
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Lesson 3 What Causes Earthquakes & Volcanoes?
OBJECTIVES
You will find out…
 How plate movements cause earthquakes and volcanoes.
 About the different types of volcanoes.
Plate Movements Cause Earthquakes
Earth’s crust is ______________________________________________. Some of
these movements cause _______________________________.
How does the movement of plates cause earthquakes?
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Where do most changes in Earth’s crust take place?
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Why don’t we notice most of these changes?
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Why do we notice major earthquakes?
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Where do most earthquakes occur?
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Earthquake Waves
How is the motion of a P wave different from the motion of an S wave?
 ________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________
Of the three types of seismic waves, which travels the fastest?
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Which travel the slowest?
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Which wave causes the most damage? Explain.
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Earthquake Safety
Scientists measure earthquakes _______________________________________.
What is the difference between the Richter scale and the Mercalli intensity scale?
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Volcanic eruptions that caused disasters long ago are always measured on the
Mercalli scale. Explain why.
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How Volcanoes Form
Most volcanoes form ___________________________________________________.
How does a volcano form?
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What is a volcano?
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Along what types of plate boundaries do most volcanoes occur?
 ________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________
Visual Learning
Use the graphic sources and captions on pages D26-D27 to answer the following
questions.
What do you observe about how the shield, cinder cone, and composite volcano
are shaped?
 _______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________
How are the size and shape of a volcano determined?
 ________________________________________________________________
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 ________________________________________________________________
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Use Process Skills
Compare the three types of volcanoes.
What are the three kinds of volcanoes?
1. ________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________
What can be true for both a cinder cone volcano and a composite volcano?
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What can be true for both a shield volcano and a composite volcano?
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Use Process Skills
What is true only for a shield volcano?
 ________________________________________________________________
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 ________________________________________________________________
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What is true only for composite volcano?
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What is true only for a cinder cone volcano?
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Hot Spot Volcanoes
What is a hot spot?
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What is the first step in the formation of a chain of volcanic islands?
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How does the motion of the plate produce a chain of islands?
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