1. Which of the following would be your choice in case of the medical treatment of
hypertensive crisis?
A. Natrium nitroprusid
B. Labetolol
C. Nitroglycerine
D. Nifedipine*
E. Aspirin
2. Listed below are the elements of the treatment of myoglobinuria caused by an electric
shock, except for:
A. The replenish of the loss of liquid
B. Mannitol
C. The sodium bicarbonate
D. Intravenous pyelography *
E. Control of a diuresis
3. Listed below can be reasons for acidosis with the loss of basis, except for:
A. Diarrhea
B. Hypoaldosteronism
C. Kidney tubular acidosis
D. Overdose of aspirin *
E. Intake of diacarb
4. А рatient that has long suffered from an arterial hypertension has been hospitalized with
an angioneurotic edema that has developed for the first time. He has long taken the
same medications. Which of these medications are most likely to cause this
condition?
A. Furosemide
B. Digoxin
C. Captopril *
D. Potassium chloride
E. Indopress
5. The most common reason for a considerable increase of the level of potassium in the
blood serum is:
A. Laboratory errors
B. Acute suprarenal crisis
C. Renal failure*
D. Rhabdomyolisis
E. Acidosis
6. In what case will the glomerular filtration always be reduced?
A. In case of an acute pyelonephritis
B. In case of a chronic glomerulonephritis
C. In case of an acute renal failure *
D. In case of the amyloidosis of kidneys
E. In case of a secondary nephrotic syndrome
7. The most common reason for the cardiac arrest for patients with renal failure is:
A. Acidosis
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia *
D. Hyperphosphatemia
E. Uremia
8. Indicate the life-threatening levels of hypokalemia that require correction :
A. 3,3 -3,5 mmol/l *
B. 3,6- 3,8 mmol/l
C. 3,9 -4,1 mmol/l
D. 4,2-4,5 mmol/l
E. 4,6 – 4,8 mmol/l
9. Indicate the life-threatening levels of hyperkalemia that require correction :
A. 6,0- 6,5 mmol/l *
B. 5,0-5,4 mmol/l
C. 5,5 -5,9 mmol/l
D. 4,2-4,5 mmol/l
E. 4,6 – 4,8 mmol/l
10. Indicate the life-threatening levels of bicarbonate serum that require urgent correction:
A. 14,0 -15,0 mmol/l *
B. 16,0-16,5 mmol/l
C. 18,0-19,0 mmol/l
D. 16,5-17,5 mmol/l
E. 17,6, – 18,1 mmol/l
11. What clinical and laboratory signs are characteristic for the acute kidney injury?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Oliguria, anuria
C. The increase of the levels of blood urea and creatinine
D. All the above
E. None of the above
12. The morphological changes in kidneys in patients with acute kidney injury of different
genesis can be found mainly:
A. In a tubular apparatus
B. In glomeruli
C. In a capsule
D. In pelvils
E. In an ureter
13. Which of the following symptoms is the most common in patients with acute
glomerulonephritis with the absence of acute kidney injury?
A. Headache
B. Beathlessness
C. Reduction of urinary excretion *
D. Increase of blood pressure
E. Pain in joints
14. Which of the following conditions can lead to the development of acute kidney injury ?
A. Hemorrhage
B. Cardiogenic shock
C. Acute pancreatitis
D. Crush-syndrome
E. All the above
15. What are the pathological changes in kidneys with the acute kidney injury caused by loss
of blood?
A. Diffuse glomerular proliferation
B. Necrosis of tubular epithelium*
C. Infiltration of stroma of kidneys by granulocytes
D. Formation of half-moons in glomerulis
E. Diffuse proliferation of tubular cells
16. The following are the suprarenal causes of acute kidney injury, except for:
A. Hemolytic shock
B. Crush- syndrome
C. Durn disease
D. Electrical injury
E. Poisoning by heavy metals salts *
17. The following are the renal causes of acute kidney injury, except for:
A. Poisoning by heavy metals salts
B. Poisoning by an acetic acid
C. Intake of sulfanilamide medications, antibiotics
D. Contrast study
E. Crush-syndrome *
18. Which of the following is the cause of subrenalї acute kidney injury?
A. Occlusion of urinary ways by concrements, tumour *
B. Intake of sulfanilamide medications, antibiotics
C. Electrical injury
D. Dehydration
E. Crush-syndrome
19. Which of the following is the cause of the development of suprarenal acute kidney
injury?
A. An generalize edema
B. Absolute decline of volume of extracellular fluid
C. Relative decline of volume of extracellular fluid
D. Hypotension
E. All the above
20. Which of the following is the cause of the development of suprarenal acute kidney
injury?
A. Heart failure *
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Acute urate nephropathy
D. Proliferative glomerulonephritis
E. Chronic cystitis
21. Which of the following is the cause of the development of suprarenal acute kidney
injury?
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Acute urate nephropathy
C. Proliferative glomerulonephritis
D. Non-controlled application of diuretics *
E. Chronic cystitis
22. Which of the following is the cause of the development of intrarenal acute kidney
injury?
A. Acute tubular necrosis *
B. Acute urate nephropathy
C. Non-controlled application of diuretics
D. Chronic cystitis
E. All enumerated
23. Which of the following is the cause of the development of intrarenal acute kidney
injury?
A. Heart failure
B. Acute urate nephropathy
C. Proliferative glomerulonephritis *
D. Non-controlled application of diuretics
E. All the above
24. Which of the following is the cause of the development of postrarenal acute kidney
injury?
A. Heart failure
B. Acute urate nephropathy *
C. Proliferative glomerulonephritis
D. Non-controlled application of diuretics
E. All the above
25. Which of the following is the cause of the development of obstructive acute kidney
injury?
A. Myoglobulinuric acute renal failure
B. Application of aminoglycosides
C. Acute urate nephropathy *
D. Nephrotic crisis
E. All the above
26. Which of the following is the cause of the development of acute tubular necrosis?
A. Application of amphotericine b *
B. Hepatorenal syndrome
C. Acute urate nephropathy
D. Stone of renal pelvis
E. All the above
27. The ultrasound diagnosis of kidneys allows to define:
A. The sizes, form and localization of kidneys, the state of the renal pelvis *
B. Size of kidney blood flow
C. Size of kidney plasma flow
D. Size of filtration fraction
E. Function of urinary ways
28. What do you mean by acute kidney injury?
A. Sudden disturbance of nitrogen excretion, erythropoietine, endocrine, concentration,
homeostatic renal functions *
B. Sudden disturbance of regulation of immune status of organism
C. Sudden disturbance of protein synthesis, osteo synthesis functions of organism
D. Sudden disturbance of pigment synthesis and coagulant activity functions of
organism
E. Chronic disturbance of nitrogen excretion, erythropoietine, endocrine,
concentration, homeostatic renal functions
29. Which of the following is not the cause of suprarenal acute kidney injury?
A. Acute hypovolemia
B. Hypotension
C. Centralization of blood circulation with acute disturbance of kidney blood flow
D. Diseases that cause the direct damage of nephron *
E. All the above
30. What are the principal causes of intrarenal acute kidney injury?
A. Acute hypovolemia
B. Hypotension
C. Centralization of blood circulation with acute disturbance of kidney blood flow
D. Diseases that cause the direct damage of nephron *
E. All the above
31. What are the principal causes of postrrenal acute kidney injury?
A. Acute hypovolemia
B. Hypotension
C. Centralization of blood circulation with acute disturbance of kidney blood flow
D. Diseases that cause the direct damage of nephron
E. Disease and pathological conditions, that preclude of urine outflow *
32. Which of the following is priority in case of anuria:
A. A test is conducted on restoration of diuresis
B. The presence of urine is investigated in an urinary bladder *
C. The level of creatinine is determined
D. The level of urea is determined
E. The level of urinary acid is determined
33. What classification groups of acute renal failure do you know?
A. Organic and functional *
B. Morphological and organic
C. Total and focal
D. Total and functional
E. Focal and functional
34. What stages of acute renal failure do you know?
A. Transient disturbance of functions of kidneys and passing to chronic renal failure
B. Initial, oligo-anuric, restoration of diuresis with polyuria, recovery *
C. Oligo-anuric, restoration of diuresis with polyuria
D. Initial, oligo-anuric, recovery
E. Oligo-anuric, restoration of diuresis with polyuria
35. What are the principal causes of acute kidney injury in adolescents?
A. Hypoxia, systemic bacterial intra- and postrenal infection
B. Prrenatal mykoplasma infection
C. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, primary infectious toxicosis, heavy dyselectrolitemia
D. Viral and bacterial renal damages, medicament interstitial nephrite, Moskovits
syndrome, shock
E. System vasculites, subacute malignant nephrite *
36. What first sign allows the doctor to suspect the development of acute kidney injury?
A. Reduction of diuresis *
B. Increase of diuresis
C. Pains in the back
D. More frequent urination
E. Increase of blood pressure
37. Which of the following positions is not correct in relation to acute kidney injury?
A. Reasons of acute renal failure can be prerenal, intrarenal and postrenal
B. The oligo-anuric stage begins in 2-3 days after shock *
C. Intoxication, overhydratation are expressed
D. Hyperazotemia, acidosis are expressed
E. Hyperkalemia is expressed
38. The causes of the development of acute kidney injury can be all the following, except
for:
A. Shock
B. Acute glomerulonephritis
C. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
D. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis *
E. Poisoning
39. Which type of disorder of homeostasis is characteristic of acute kidney injury?
A. Hyperazotemia
B. Hypokalemia *
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypocalcemia
E. Metabolic alkalosis
40. Which of the following is the most characteristic of a peripheral blood test in patients
with acute kidney injury?
A. Hypochromic anemia
B. Normochromic anemia *
C. Anemia with reticulocytosis
D. Eosinophilia
E. Leukopenia
41. Hemodialysis should be prescribed to patients with oligo-anuric period of acute kidney
injury in all cases listed below, except for:
A. Increase of level of creatinine in blood over 0,35 mmol/l
B. Hyperkalemia over 6,5 mmol/l
C. Overhydratation
D. Hypertension *
E. All the above
42. Which of the following etiological factors cannot be the cause of hemolytic-uremic
syndrome?
A. Viral infection
B. Bacterial infection
C. Nephrolithiasis *
D. Vaccination of diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
E. Presence of system disease of connecting tissue
43. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome more often develops:
A. During the first 6 months of life
B. During the first three years of life
C. At the age of 3-7
D. At adult age
E. At senile age
44. All the below is characteristic of a hemolytic-uremic syndrome, except for:
A. Hemolytic anemia
B. Thrombocytopenia
C. Neutrophilia *
D. Oligo-anuria
E. Hyperazotemia
45. All the below is characteristic of the prodromal period of hemolytic-uremic syndrome,
except for:
A. Symptoms of the digestive system lesion
B. Symptoms of the respiratory tract lesion
C. Neurological disorders *
D. Polyuria
E. Oliguria
46. The following are the signs of the clinic of the develop stage of hemolytic-uremic
syndrome, except for:
A. Hemolytic anemia
B. Edemata *
C. Thrombocytopenia
D. Anuria
E. Hemorrhage
47. The treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome includes all the below, except for:
A. Cytostatics *
B. Hemodialysis
C. Heparin
D. Antiaggregants
E. Correction of water and electrolyte metabolism
48. Which is crucial in the treatment of patients with a hemolytic-uremic syndrome?
A. Anticoagulant therapy
B. Antiaggregant therapy
C. Hemodialysis *
D. Hormonal means
E. Antibacterial therapy
49. What electrolyte is the antagonist of potassium?
A. Magnesium
B. Chlorine
C. Natrium
D. Calcium *
E. Aluminium
50. What medications should be prescribed for the correction of hyperkalemii:
A. Glucose-insulin-potassium solution
B. Calcium gluconate, natrium hydrocarbonate, glucose with insulin *
C. Panangin
D. 0,9 % sodium chloride solution
E. All the above
51. You calculate the solutions of calcium for the correction of hyperkalemia according to:
A. 5 мg/кg the masses of body
B. 10 мg/кg the masses of body
C. 20 мg/кg the masses of body *
D. 30 мg/кg the masses of body
E. 2 мg/кg the masses of body
52. What dose of natrium hydrocarbonate should be used for the correction of metabolic
acidosis:
A. 0,12 - 0,15 g of dry substance on 1 kg of body weight or for 3-5 ml of 4% solution
on 1 kg of body weight during twenty-four hours in 4-6 uses *
B. 0,25-0,3 g of dry substance on 1 kg of body weight or for 6-10 ml of 4% solution on
1 kg of body weight during twenty-four hours in 4-6 uses
C. 0,30-0,33 g of dry substance on 1 kg of body weight or for 7-8 ml of 4% solution on
1 kg of body weight during twenty-four hours in 4-6 uses
D. 0,25-0,3 g of dry substance on 1 kg of body weight or for 3-5 ml of 4% solution on 1
kg of body weight during twenty-four hours in 2-3 uses
E. 0,35-0,4 g of dry substance on 1 kg of body weight or for 10-15 ml of 4% solution
on 1 kg of body weight during twenty-four hours in 7-8 uses
53. What clinical signs are not characteristic of kidney failure?
A. An attack of severe pain is in a lumbar area
B. Polyuria *
C. Hypertension
D. Hematuria
E. Proteinuria
54. Indicate the correlation of creatinine and urea in patients developing acute renal failure :
A. A creatinine is normal, and urea increases
B. A creatinine increases, and urea is normal
C. Creatinine and urea are increase *
D. A creatinine is reduced, and urea increases
E. A ceatinine increases, and urea is reduced
55. Which is the most effective method of treatment of acute kidney injury for children?
A. Plasmapheresis
B. Hemosorbtion
C. Hemodialysis
D. Blood transfusion
E. Peritoneal dialysis *
56. What antibacterial medications are absolutely contraindicated at the oliguric stage of
acute renal failure?
A. Semisynthetic penicillins
B. Macrolides, cephalosporines
C. Sulfanilamides, nitrofurans, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides *
D. All groups of antibacterial means are shown
E. All medications are contra-indicated
57. What are the most common complications of acute kidney injury?
A. Cerebral edema
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Cardiovascular failure
D. Secondary infections
E. All the above
58. Which antibacterial medications are preferable to prescribe to patients with oligo-anuric
stage of acute kidney injury?
A. semisynthetic penicillins and macrolides*
B. sulfanilamides, nitrofurans
C. tetracyclines to aminoglycosides
D. All groups of antibacterial medications are preferable
E. All groups of antibacterial medications are contra-indicated
59. Which of the following is the final stage of functional acute kidney injury:
A. Lag is in physical development
B. Stable decline of partial renal functions
C. Interstitial nephrite
D. Recovery *
E. Chronic renal failure
60. Which of the following methods of diagnosis does not allow to reveal the stones in
ureters?
A. Excretory urography
B. Computer tomography of retroperitoneum
C. Scanning of kidneys *
D. Renography
E. All the above
61. Kidneys can be palpated as a result of the following reasons, except:
A. Pathologically movable kidney
B. Sudden loss of weight
C. Hydronephrosis
D. Polycystic renal disease
E. To the nephrosclerosis *
62. What early signs are characteristic for chronic renal failure?
A. Oliguria, edemata
B. Oliguria, anemia
C. The decline of glomerular filtration rate and urine osmolarity *
D. The decline glomerular filtration rate and increase of urine osmolarity
E. The increase of glomerular filtration rate and increase of urine osmolarity
63. What diagnostic test is the most accurate in case of chronic renal failure?
A. Zymnytsky urine test
B. Creatinine of blood
C. Nitrogen of blood
D. Estimation of glomerular filtration rate *
E. Urea of blood
64. Which of the following diuretic is the medication of first choice for stimulation of
diuresis in patients with acute renal failure?
A. Triamterene
B. Furosemide *
C. Dichlothiazide
D. Spironolactone
E. Acid ethacrinic
65. Which of the cylinders below can normally appear in urine?
A. Leucocyte cylinders
B. Hyaline cylinders*
C. Granular cylinders
D. Careous cylinders
E. Erythrocyte cylinders
66. What tissue can creatinine be formed in?
A. Hepatic
B. Kidney
C. Cerebral
D. Muscular *
E. Nervous
67. The principal causes for malignant hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure
are:
A. Increase of products of glucocorticoids and vasodilators, increase of formation of
angiotensin
B. Increase of concentration of catecholamins, reduction of renin formation and
angiotensin
C. Increase of products of vasodilators, reduction of renin formation and increase
angiotensin formation *
D. Increase of products of vasodilators, increase of renin production
E. Reduction of concentration of catecholamins, increase of of renin formation and
angiotensin
68. Which of the following medications belongs to the group of osmotic diuretics?
A. Triamteren
B. Furosemide
C. Mannitol *
D. Spironolactone
E. Diacarb
69. The principal cause of the development of anemia of chronic renal failure is:
A. Toxic influence is on marrow of uremic toxins
B. Deficit of erythropoietin *
C. An increase of hemolysis is as a result of deficit of glucose-6-phosphat
dehydrogenase and excess of guanidine
D. Loss of blood
E. Destruction of red blood cells
70. The following types of anemia are characteristic of chronic renal failure except for:
A. Iron-deficient anemia
B. Moderate hypoplastic anemia
C. Folio acid-deficient anemia
D. Hemolityc anemia
E. All the above
71. In what area of kidneys does the secretion of rennin occur?
A. In the glomeruli of kidneys
B. In interstitial tissue
C. In the loop of Henle
D. In a juxtaglomerular apparatus *
E. In ductes of Bellini
72. The contra-indications for application of the renal replacement therapy for patients with
acute kidney injury are:
A. Documented decortication
B. Agony
C. Refuse of patient or his relatives
D. Incurable malignant process
E. All the above
73. What disorders in patients with acute kidney injury improve during hemodialysis or
peritoneal dialysis?
A. Water-electrolyte, acid-base balance, levels of urea, creatinine *
B. Anemia, endocrine disturbances
C. Water-electrolyte, endocrine disturbances, levels of urea, creatinine
D. Anemia, endocrine disturbances, levels of urea, creatinine, acid-base balance
E. Water-electrolyte, anemia, levels of urea, creatinine
74. Urgent hemodialysis should be prescribed at the level of serum creatinine of:
A. 0,1 mmol/l
B. 0,15 mmol/l
C. 0,35 mmol/l*
D. 0,25 mmol/l
E. 0,2 mmol/l
75. Indicate the main characteristic signs of a kidney infarction:
A. Acute lumbar pain, hematuria *
B. Proteinuria
C. Leucocyturia
D. Cylindruria
E. Fever
76. Hemodialysis should be prescribed to patients with chronic renal failure at the level of
glomerular filtration of:
A. 20-25 ml/min
B. 15-20 ml/ min
C. 8-10 ml/ min*
D. 25-30 ml/ min
E. 30-40 ml/ min
77. What are the main clinical signs of nephrotoxic affect of aminoglycosides?
A. Tubular disorders - enzymuria, glucosuria, аminoaciduria, tubular proteinuria,
increase of losses of potassium and magnesium, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,
decline of kidney function *
B. A proteinuria is more than 3 g/day, hematuria
C. Tubular disorders - enzymuria, glucosuria, аminoaciduria, аminoaciduria, tubular
proteinuria, increase of losses of potassium and magnesium, nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus, decline of kidney function
D. A proteinuria is more than 3 g/day, hematuria
E. Tubular disorders - enzymuria, glucosuria, аminoaciduria, tubular proteinuria,
increase of losses of potassium and magnesium
F. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, decline of kidney function, proteinuria is more than
3 g/day, hematuria
78. What causes nycturia in patients with chronic renal failure?
A. The increase of glomerular filtration at night as a result of improvement of work of
kidneys in horizontal position *
B. The disturbance of circadian rhythm of secretion of antidiuretic hormone
C. The increase of general peripheral resistance of vessels
D. All mentioned above
E. The decline of glomerular filtration at night as a result of improvement of work of
kidneys in horizontal position
79. The most common causes of acute urinary retention in man are:
A. Stones of prostate gland
B. Adenoma of prostate gland *
C. Chronic prostatitis
D. Diverticulum of urethra
E. Contracture of neck of urinary bladder
80. The most characteristic signs of the blunt kidneys injury are:
A. Shock, pyuria, symptoms of irritation of peritoneal cavity
B. Pain, hematuria, shock *
C. The swelling is in a lumbar region, pyuria
D. Hematuria, pyuria, pollakiuria
E. Anuria
81. What are the main signs of extraperitoneal rupture of urinary bladder?
A. Arching pains above pubis, delay of urination *
B. Delay of urination, tenesmus, meteorism
C. Pollakiuria, hematuria, dysuria
D. Urethrorrhagia, acute urinary retention
E. The swelling is in a lumbar region, pyuria, anuria
82. What is the daily diuresis for a healthy human?
A. 800-1000 ml
B. 4000 ml
C. 1500 ml *
D. 4500 ml
E. 3000 ml
83. What is the rate of glomerular filtration of an adult?
A. 120 ml/min *
B. 159 ml/min
C. 248 ml/min
D. 305 ml/min
E. 375 ml/min
84. What percent of filtrate reabsorbs in tubules of an adult?
A. 48-65 %
B. 72-75 %
C. 75-80 %
D. 96-98 % *
E. 98-102 %
85. In patients with oliguria the diuresis is:
A. 1000 ml
B. 600 ml
C. 300 ml *
D. 100 ml
E. 50 ml
86. The range of relative specific gravity of the urine of a healthy person is:
A. 1000-1600
B. 1010-1025 *
C. 1007-1014
D. 1010-1018
E. 1020-1025
87. What is the range of the relative specific gravity of urine in hyposthenuria patients?
A. 1010-1020
B. 1006-1012 *
C. 1002-1004
D. 1005-1007
E. 1027-1030
88. System acidosis is most likely to be caused by:
A. Disfunction of distal sections of tubules *
B. Vomiting
C. Lactic acidosis
D. Reduction of level of glomerular filtration
E. None of the above
89. What amount of x-ray contrast can cause a contrast-induced nephropathy?
A. 30 ml *
B. 50 ml
C. 100 ml
D. 200 ml
E. 300 ml
90. The common cause of acute glomerulonephritis is:
A. Staphylococcus
B. Pneumococcus
C. Streptococcus *
D. Collibacillus
E. Enterovirus
91. The common cause of chronic pyelonephritis is:
A. Enterococcus
B. Streptococcus
C. Collibacillus *
D. Staphylococcus
E. Proteus
92. The common symptom of an acute glomerulonephritis is:
A. Edemata
B. Pains are in a lumbar area
C. Hypertension
D. Proteinuria *
E. Leucocyturia
93. The most significant sign of chronic renal failure is:
A. Oliguria
B. Hyperkalemia
C. An increase of level of serum creatinine is *
D. Hypertension
E. Proteinuria
94. Hemodialysis should be prescribed to patients with such signs of chronic renal failure as:
A. Progressing decline of visual cauity
B. Distinctive edemata
C. Stable hypertension
D. A decline of glomerular filtration rate to 8-10 ml/min*
E. Infectious complications
95. The common symptom of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity is:
A. Hypertension *
B. Pyuria
C. Proteinuria
D. Metabolic acidosis
E. Hypercalcemia
96. Hyperkalemia is characteristic of all the diseases below, except for:
A. Addison’s disease
B. Cushing’s disease *
C. Terminal stage of renal disease
D. The use of triamterene
E. The use of spironolactone
97. The cause of an acute glomerulonephritis mostly is:
A. Collibacillus
B. Virus
C. Streptococcus *
D. Staphylococcus
E. Fungus
98. What causes anuria in patients with acute glomerulonephritis?
A. Hypoproteinemia
B. Fever
C. Heart failure
D. Increase of tubular reabsorption and reduction of glomerular filtration rate
E. Hypernatremia
99. What causes hematuria in patients with an acute glomerulonephritis?
A. Hemolysis of red blood cells
B. Lesion of kidney tubules
C. Lesion of mesangium
D. Hypertension
E. Damage to capillaries of glomeruli *
100. What causes anemia in patients with glomerulonephritis?
A. Hemolysis of red blood cells
B. Dysproteinemia
C. Hematuria
D. Hypervolemia *
E. Hypovitaminosis
101. Which of the following is not a characteristic sign of a chronic glomerulonephritis?
A. Edemata
B. Hematuria
C. Proteinuria
D. Pain are in a lumbar area *
E. Anemia
102. Which of the following is not a characteristic sign of a nephrotic syndrome?
A. Edemata
B. Hypercholesterolemia
C. Proteinuria
D. Acute kidney injury *
E. Hypoproteinemia
103. Citric acid/sodium citrate should be prescribed to patients with nephrolithiasis in case
of:
A. Triple phosphate crystals
B. Phosphaturia
C. Carbonates of urine
D. Oxaluria
E. Uraturia *
104. Foamy urine appears in case of:
A. Leucocyturia
B. Hematuria
C. Proteinuria *
D. Cylindruria
E. Presence of salts
105. What kind of stones causes milky urine?
A. Urates
B. Oxalates
C. Phosphates *
D. Albuminous stones
E. Cystyne stones
106. Which is the most characteristic sign for a renal colic:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
107.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
108.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
109.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
110.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
111.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
112.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
113.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
114.
A.
Temperature
Pain is in a lumbar area *
Leucocyturia
Hematuria
Proteinuria
Which of the following diseases is positive Pasternatsky’s symptom the most
characteristic of?
Tuberculosis of kidneys
Glomerulonephritis
Nephrolithiasis *
Amyloidosis
Polycystic renal disease
Which of the following damages to kidneys is caused by diabetes mellitus?
Amyloidosis
Glomerulosclerosis *
Nephrolithiasis
Pyelonephritis
Glomerulonephritis
A proteinuria can not be caused by:
Fevers
Physical activity
Myelomatosis
Hypertensive crisis
Extrasystole *
Hematuria is not characteristic of:
myocardial infarction *
Gudpascher syndrome
Tuberculosis of kidneys
Nephrolithiasis
Tumours of kidneys
All symptoms mentioned below are characteristic of an acute interstitial nephrite,
except for:
Pain is in a lumbar area
The development of nephrotic syndrome *
Increase of temperature
Oliguria
Hypertension
Which of the following should not be prescribed to a patient with a renal colic:
Diathermy
Heating pad
Spasmolytics
Warm baths
Prednisolone *
Which of the following is the most common cause of the formation of stones in
kidneys:
Anaprilin
Analgin
Norsulfazol *
Penicillin
Curantyl
Hematuria, albuminuria, high blood pressure, edemata, the disturbance of kidneys
function result from:
Focal nephrite
B.
C.
D.
E.
115.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
116.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
117.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
118.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
119.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
120.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
121.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
122.
A.
B.
C.
Amyloidosis
Pyelonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis *
Nephrolithiasis
Acute kidney injury is most likely to develop such an complication as:
Pulmonary heart disease
Bacterial shock *
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute myocarditis
Pneumonia
Which of the following should be prescribed to a patient with acute renal failure
caused by nephrotoxic substances?
Anabolic medications
Natrium thiosulphate
Dicaptol
Glucocorticoids
Hemodialysis *
The principal reasons for obstructive nephropathy are:
Occlusion of ureters by stones
Tumours of urinary bladder, prostate gland, small pelvis
Disorders of function of urinary bladder in patients with nervous diseases
Congenital defects of urinary ways
All the above
What disease can cause anuria?
Diabetes mellitus
Acute pyelonephritis
Thrombosis of kidney arteries *
Lymphogranulomatosis
Chronic hepatitis
Which of the following medications should be prescribed to a patient with an acute
glomerulonephritis and with the located source of infection?
Furazolidon
Sulfadimethoxin
Monomycin
Penicillin *
Tetracyclin
Which of the following is acute kidney injury characterized by?
Oliguria changes polyuria in the period of recovery
Олігурія, anuria *
The amount of urine does not change
Absolute anuria
Polyuria
Which of the following should not be prescribed to a patient with a renal colic?
Warm baths
Diathermy, lampa sollux
Spasmolytics
Heating pads, paraffin applications
Fasting, local applications of cold pads
Which of the following leads to the stop of glomerular filtration?
Increase of hydrostatical pressure in the Bowman’s capsule to 15 mmHg
Increase of oncotic pressure of plasma to 40 mmHg
An increase of kidney blood flow is a to 600 ml/min
D. Reduce of systole blood pressure to 60 mmHg *
E. None of the above
123. Which of the following areas is the location of pain caused by the blockage of a
stone in the pelvis and ureter area?
A. Mesogastrium *
B. Inguinal zone and lateral side of femur
C. Balanus
D. Lumbar area
E. No area
124. Which is the main criterion that distinguishes organic and functional acute renal
failures :
A. Amount of urine
B. Relative gravity of urine *
C. A concentration of potassium is in the serum of blood
D. A level of creatinine is in the serum of blood
E. Duration of oligo/anuria
125. Urgent hemodialysis should be prescribed to the patient with the level of urea in the
blood serum of:
A. 10 mmol/l
B. 30 mmol/l *
C. 20 mmol/l
D. 25 mmol/l
E. 15 mmol/l
126. Which methods can be used to differentiate the diagnosis of transient kidney failure
of acute glomerulonephritis and chronic renal failure caused by a chronic
glomerulonephritis?
A. Reberg’s test
B. Ultrasound of kidneys *
C. Zimnitsky urine test
D. A provocative test with prednisolone
E. An increase of content of urea is in the blood serum
127. What etiologic factors of acute interstitial nephrite are rarely observed?
A. Medicamental
B. Viral
C. Traumatic *
D. Parasitogenic
E. Immune
128. The following are the symptoms of the injury of proximal kidney tubules, except for:
A. Kidney tubular acidosis
B. Phosphate-diabetes
C. Kidney glucosuria
D. Kidney diabetes insipidus *
E. Fanconi syndrome
129. What kind of kidney stones are most common?
A. Those that contain salts of calcium*
B. Those that contain salts of phosphorus and magnesium
C. Urates
D. Cystine stones
E. Cholesterol stones
130. Which of the following forms of acute kidney injury is hypercatabolic?
A. Medicamental
B. Postrenal
C. Crush- syndrome *
D.
E.
131.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
132.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
133.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
134.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
135.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
136.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
137.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
138.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Prerenal
Hepato-renal syndrome
Which of the following symptoms is not characteristic of acute renal failure?
Acute beginning
Oliguria
Reduction of sizes of kidneys *
Hyperkalemia
Collapse
Which of the following complications is the most common with acute kidney injury?
Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Acute bacterial infections *
Heart failure
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Indicate the main cause of death of patients on hemodialysis:
Viral hepatitis
Pneumonia
Cardiovascular diseases *
Oncologic diseases
Dialysis amyloidosis
Isolated ultrafiltration should be prescribed to a patient with:
Acute renal failure
Non-control hyperkalemia
Pulmonary edema that is not eliminate *
Hypercalcemia
Expressed uremic intoxication
Which of the following medication should be prescribed to a patient with acute renal
failure?
Furadonin
Nevigramon
Amoxicillin *
Sulfadimethoxin
Tetracycline
Acute kidney injury resulted from еxcretory urography is most common in patients
with:
Cancer of renal parenchima
Polycystic renal disease
Myelomatosis *
Periarteritis nodosa
Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome
The following can be the causes of acute kidney injury in patients suffering from
chronic alcoholism, except for:
Blockades of kidney tubules
Acute tubular necrosis
Alcoholic reccurence necro-nephrosis
Hepato-renal syndrome
Intravascular hemolysis *
The following are the factors that cause acute kidney injury resulted from the use of
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, except for:
Elderly age
Combination two and more medications of the marked group
use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with b-blockers
All the above
E.
139.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
140.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
141.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
142.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
143.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
144.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
None of the above
Indicate the characteristic sign of uremic pericarditis :
Fever
Dyspnea
Pericardial murmur*
Accumulation of hemorragic content in the pericardium cavity
Heart pain
Which is the top limit of normal level of urea in blood?
3,3 mmol/l
4,3 mmol/l
6,3 mmol/l
8,3 mmol/l *
10,3 mmol/l
Indicate the first sign of acute kidney injury that can be observed in patients with
acute glomerulonephritis :
Oliguria *
Polyuria
Hypertension
Dry mouth
Nausea
Which of the following groups of diuretics can cause ototoxicity?
Loop diuretics *
Thiazide diuretics
Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Osmotic diuretics
On condition of hyprkalemia being over 6,0-6,5 mmol/l, the following medications
should be prescribed, except for:
5 % solution of glucose with insulin
40 % solution of glucose
4 % solution of sodium bicarbonate
10 % solution of calcium gluconate
Rheopolyglucin *
Which of the following conditions is associated with the disturbance of the acidbasic balance?
Hypertension, osteodystrophy, anemia
Disease of "middle molecules"
Acidosis, alkalosis *
Hypo-, hyperosmolarity
Hypo-(hyper-) kalemia, calcemia, mаgnesemia