Period:
Name:
STAAR Review – Week Two
7.6 (B) distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter in the digestive system (S)
8.5 (A) describe the structure of atoms, including the masses, electrical charges, and locations, of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus and electrons in the electron cloud (R)
8.5 (B) identify that protons determine an element’s identity and valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including
reactivity (R)
1.
The muscles of the stomach crush food that has entered the stomach cavity. The effect of this on the food is –
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
Which of the following is a physical change in matter that takes place in the digestive system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
a physical change, only.
neither a chemical nor physical change.
both a chemical and physical change.
a chemical change, only.
The gallbladder uses bile to break down fats.
The stomach uses enzymes to break down proteins.
The mouth uses the tongue to form small balls of food.
The pancreas uses pancreatic juices to transform starches
Look at the diagram of the human digestive system below.
The esophagus is a tube in which food is pushed from the mouth to the stomach. As the food is pushed through the
esophagus, it becomes more compact. This is a.
b.
c.
d.
a physical change, only.
a chemical change, only.
neither a chemical nor physical change.
both a chemical and physical change.
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4.
Look at the diagram of the human digestive system below.
In the mouth, saliva coats chewed food. Saliva contains enzymes that turn starches into sugars. Saliva causes starchy food to
undergo a.
b.
c.
d.
both a chemical and physical change.
a chemical change, only.
a physical change, only.
neither a physical nor chemical change.
The diagram below shows the structure of a certain atom. Use the diagram and your knowledge of science to answer any
questions that follow.
5.
The identity of the atom in the diagram is determined by the number of –
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.
The atom in the diagram is –
a.
b.
c.
d.
7.
negatively charged particles in the atom.
positively charge particles in the atom.
total particles in the atom.
neutral particles in the atom.
boron.
silicon.
beryllium.
neon.
The atom in the diagram has the tendency to be –
a.
b.
c.
d.
un-reactive and gain protons.
reactive and lose electrons.
un-reactive and lose neutrons.
reactive and gain electrons.
The diagram below shows the structure of a certain atom. Use the diagram and your knowledge of science to answer any
questions that follow.
8.
Which of the following can be used to identify the atom in the diagram?
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
The sum of particles W and X, only
The number of particle Y, if Y is a neutron
The sum of particles W, X and Y
The number of particle X, if X is a proton
The atom in the diagram is –
a.
b.
c.
d.
sulfur.
oxygen.
barium.
chromium.
10. Electrons in an atom are arranged in layers, or shells. For example, an atom of titanium has two electrons in its innermost
electron shell. The next two layers contain eight and ten electrons, and the outermost layer contains two electrons. What does
the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an element indicate?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Whether an element is likely to bond with other elements
What state of matter an element is usually found in
How many protons and neutrons are in an atom
Whether an element is radioactive
11. An element’s identity is defined by its number of –
a.
b.
c.
d.
protons and neutrons.
electrons.
protons.
neutrons.
12. The diagram below shows an atom of an element from the periodic table.
The atom is most likely –
a.
b.
c.
d.
potassium, which can react and bond with chlorine.
fluorine, which can react and bond with calcium.
beryllium, which can react and bond with oxygen.
boron, which can react and bond with magnesium.
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13. Elements in the group of noble gases typically do not chemically react with other elements. This is true because noble gases
tend to have a full outer shell of valence –
a.
b.
c.
d.
electrons.
neutrons.
electrons and valence protons.
protons.
14. An atom that has one or two valence electrons is likely to be –
a.
b.
c.
d.
reactive only when far away from other atoms.
highly reactive.
inert only when close to other atoms.
inert.
15. Atoms are always searching to become more stable and less reactive. An atom can become less reactive by –
a.
b.
c.
d.
gaining or losing electrons from its outermost shell.
gaining protons from its outermost shell.
losing electrons from its nucleus.
losing neutrons from its innermost shell.
The diagram below shows a portion of the periodic table. Use the diagram and your knowledge of science to answer any questions
that follow.
16. Which number is used to identify an atom?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The number X, because it does not vary with atoms of the same element
The number X, because it represents the number of neutrons in an atom
The number Y, because it does not vary with atoms of the same element
The number Y, because it represents the number of electrons in an atom
17. Below is a diagram of chlorine (Cl) atom.
Chlorine (Cl) is an extremely reactive element. This is because chlorine –
a.
b.
c.
d.
has as many electrons in its nucleus as in its outermost shell.
cannot lose any electrons.
has fewer neutrons in its outermost shell than in its nucleus.
can gain electrons in its outermost shell.
18. Which model best represents an atom of lithium (Li)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
19. Which statement is true regarding the particles that make up atoms?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Protons have a negative charge that is balanced out by the positive charge of neutrons.
Only neutrons and electrons affect atomic mass.
Electrons and neutrons have a positive charge.
Electrons have a negative charge, while protons have a positive charge.
20. Most of the mass in any atom is –
a.
b.
c.
d.
contained in the atom’s nucleus.
found in the cloud surrounding the nucleus.
contained in the atom’s neutrons.
in neither the nucleus nor the cloud surrounding the nucleus.
21. The electrical charge of a neutrons is –
a.
b.
c.
d.
negative.
positive.
neutral.
negative and positive.
22. Which subatomic particles have a negative charge?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Neutrons, only
Electrons and neutrons
Protons, only
Electrons, only
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The diagram below shows the structure of an atom. Use the picture and your knowledge of science to answer any questions that
follow.
23. Which of the following could describe a subatomic particle found at location X in the diagram?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It has no mass and a negative charge.
It has no mass and no charge.
It has mass and a positive charge.
It has mass and a negative charge.
24. Which of the following could describe a subatomic particle found at location X in the diagram?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It is in orbit around the nucleus.
It sometimes has a positive chare and sometimes has a negative charge.
It has no charge.
It has a negative charge.
25. Which of these best describes the subatomic particle Y in the diagram?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Particle Y has no charge and greater mass than the particles located at X.
Particle Y has a positive charge and the same mass as the particles located at X.
Particle Y has a negative charge and less mass than the particles located at X.
Particle Y has a negative charge and no mass.
26. How do neutrons affect the charge of an atom?
a.
b.
c.
d.
An atom that has more neutrons than protons and electrons will be neutral.
An atom is not affected by neutrons because neutrons are neutral.
An atom with more neutrons than electrons will have a positive charge.
An atom with fewer neutrons than electrons will have a positive charge.
27. What type of charge does the cloud surrounding the nucleus posses?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A negative charge
A neutral charge
A positive charge
A neutral and positive charge
28. The reactivity of the atom in the diagram is determined by the atom’s number of –
a.
b.
c.
protons.
electrons.
valence electrons.